PART I. 



LECTURE II. 



GENERAL DIVISION OF THE SCIENCES WHICH RELATE TO MIND AND MATTER — 

 DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS OF BOTANICAL SCIENCE — PARTS OF A FLOWER. 



The Universe, as composed of mind and matter, gives rise to va- 

 rious sciences. The Supreme Being we believe to be immaterial, or 

 •pure mind. 



The knowledge of mind may be considered under two general 

 heads. 



1. Theology,* or that science which comprehends our views of the 

 Deity, and our duties to Him. 



2. Philosophy of the human mind, or m.etaphysics,^ which is the sci- 

 ence that investigates the mind of man, and analyzes and arranges 

 its faculties. 



The knowledge of matter, which is included under the general 

 term, Physics, may be considered under three general heads. 



1. Natural Philosophy, which considers the effects of bodies act- 

 ing upon each other by their mechanical powers ; as their weight 

 and motion. 



2. Chemistry, in which the properties and mutual action of the 

 elementary atoms of bodies are investigated. 



3. Natural History, which considers the external forms and char- 

 acters of objects, and arranges them in classes. 



Natural History is divided into three branches. 



1. Zoology,! which treats of animals. 



2. Botany, which treats of plants. 



3. Mineralogy, which treats of the unorganized masses of the globe ; 

 as stones, earths, &.c. Geology, which treats of minerals as they 

 exist in masses, forming rocks, is a branch of mineralogy. 



Having thus presented you with this general view of the natural 

 sciences, we will now proceed to that department which is to be the 

 object of your present study. 



Departments in Botany. 



Botany§ ti-eats of the vegetable kingdom, including every thing 

 which grows, having root, stem, leaf, or Jiower. This science com- 

 prehends the knowledge of the methodical arrangement of plants, of 

 their structm-e, and whatever has relation to the vegetable kingdom. 

 The study of plants may be considered under two general heads. 



1st. The classification of plants by means of comparing their dif- 

 ferent organs, is termed Systematic Botany. 



2d. The knowledge of the relations and uses of the various parts 

 of plants with respect to each other, is termed Physiological Botany. 

 This department includes Vegetable Anatomy. 



♦ From the Greek Tlieos, God, and logos, a discourse. 



t From mcta^ beyond, and phusis, nature. This term orisinated with Aristotle, 

 who, considering the study of the intellectual world as beyond that of the material 

 ■world, or physics, called it metataphusls. 



t From zoe, life, and logos, a discourse. 



§ From the Greek, botane, an herb. 



The Universe composed of two classes of existence— Divisions of the sciences 

 which relate to mind— Those which relate to matter—Branches of Natural History- 

 Definition of Botany —Systematic Botanv — Physiological Botany. 



