NATURAL ORDERS. 31 



Corolla either ligulate, or tubular. Stamens 5, alternating with the teeth of the 

 corolla; filaments distinct, anthers forming a cylinder by their coherence. Ova- 

 ry inferior 1-celled, with a single erect ovule. Style single; stigmas 2. Fruit 

 an achenium. Seed solitary, erect. Examples : Dandelion and Lettuce. An- 

 tiscorbutic, and mild anodyne. 



60. CiNAROCEPH"ALiE. Examples : Thistle and Burdock, differs little from the 

 preceding. 



61. Corymbif"er.e. Thorough-wort plants. Examples : Eupalorium and 

 Rudbeckia. Very valuable for their medicinal qualities. The compound flow- 

 ers are by some writers classed under the general head Cojnposita, and subdi- 

 vided into numerous sections, viz: Carduaceee, or the Thistle tribe, Asterea, or 

 the Aster tribe, Eupatorinece, or the Thorough-wort tribe, JacobecB, or the Colt's- 

 foot tribe, and HelianthecB, or the Sunflower tribe. 



Class XI. Dicotyledons. 



Corolla monopetalous, epigynous, (above the germ,) anthers distinct. 



62. DiPSA'cE.ffi;. Teasel plants. Flowers densely capitate. Leaves opposite or 

 whorled. Herbs or under-shrubs. Examples: Teasel, Button-bush. 



63. Rubia'ce.e. Bed-straw tribe. Leaves whorled, very entire. Flowers ax- 

 illary or terminal. Stamens 4, ovary simple, fruit a dieresil, 2-sGeded. Exam- 

 ples: Galium, Rubia. Some of this family are of use in dying. 



64. Caprifo'lijI';. Elder, Snow-ball, and Honey-suckle-lik'e plants. Shrubs. 

 Ovary cohering with the calyx ; fruit crowned by its limb. Leaves opposite. 

 Flowers terminal, corymbose or axillary. Examples: Viburnum, Lonicera, 

 Symphoria. 



Class XII. Dicotyledons. 



Corolla polypetalous : stamens epigynous, (above the germ.) 



65. Ara'le.e. Ginseng tribe. Calyx superior. Stamens 5 or 6, or 10 or 12, 

 arising from within the border of the calyx ; ovary with many cells ; ovules 

 solitary, pendulous; styles equal in number to the cells. Trees, shrubs, or 

 herbs, resembling umbelliferous plants in their habit. Examples: Spikenard, 

 (Aralia,) Ginseng, (Panax.) 



66. Umbellif"er.s:. Parsley-like plants. Stem herbaceous. Leaves mostly 

 pinnate or pinnatifid. Flowers in umbels. Calyx adhering to the germ. Co- 

 rolla 5-petalled. Stamens 5. Style and stigma 2. Fruit a cremocarp. Seeds 

 closed, remaining after maturity, suspended to a central axis. Examples : Dill, 

 Fennel, Parsley, Caraway. Uses and medicinal qualities various. The follow- 

 ing subdivision has been made of this tribe: \v,\., Hydrocotolim; wwAeZs simple 

 or imperfect. Examples: Water-hemlock, (Cicuta,) Water-parsnip, (Slum,) 

 Fool's-parsley, and Angelica; 2d, Campylospermcc ; Sweet cicely, and Hemlock, 

 (Conium.) 



Class XIII. Dicotyledons. 



Corolla polypetalous ; stamens hypogynous, (under the germ.) 



67. Rancncula'ce.e. A very large order, containing the Virgin's-bower, Ra- 

 nunculus, Anemone, Hepatica, &c. Calyx with many definite sepals, or many- 

 parted. Stamens and pistils numerous. Fruit often consists of dry nuts or car- 



Sels. Herbs or under-shrubs. Leaves simple, often variously lobed and sub- 

 ivided, petioled. Some of this family, as the gold thread, (Coptis,) are highly 

 astringent, some are valuable as dies, and some are beautiful as ornamental 

 flowers. 



68. Papavera'ce.e. Poppy-like plants. Lactescent. Stem herbaceous. Leaves 

 alternate. Flowers solitary, in a spike or umbel. Calyx 2-3 sepalled, cadu- 

 cous. Stamens numerous. Examples : Poppy, Blood-root. Properties : nar- 

 cotic, anodyne. 



69. Crucif"er.e. Plants with cruciform corollas, as cabbage, turnip, radish. 

 Stem herbaceous. Leaves alternate. Flowers corymbed, panicled or in a 

 spike. Calyx 4-sepalled. Corolla 4-petalled. Stamens 6, solitary, 4 disposed 

 in two pairs. Glands nectariferous. Fruit a silique. Chiefly useful as gar- 

 den vegetables. This order is subdivided into Siliculosce, pods short, and Sili- 

 quoscB, pods long. 



70. Cappar'ides. A small order. Cruciform plants. Examples: Cleome, 

 Gynandropsis. 



71. Sapin'di. Example: Soap-berry, (Sapindus ) 



72. Ace'ra, (or Acerinem ) Maple tnbe. Trees, with opposite, simple, rarelv 



24 



