160 VILLARSIA-VIOLA. 



erect, strong; legumes ascending, tumid, coriaceous; leafets oval-acute 

 entire ; stipules sagittate ; toothed at the base. From Tersia. 

 VTLLARSIA. 5—1. (Gentianis.) 

 lacuno'sa, (w. Au. Tj..) leaves reniform, sub-peltate, slightly crenate, lacunosf. 

 beneath; petioles long, bearing the flowers; corolla smooth; stem long, 

 filiform, floating; flowers somewhat umbeiled. Ponds and Lakes. 



VINCA. 5—1. (Apocyne<B.) [From vincio, to bind, on account of its usefulness in making 

 bands, or its creeping stem.] 



mi'nor, (periwinkle, b. Ap. T^.) stem procumbent ; leaves lance-oval, smooth 

 at the edges; flowers peduncled ; teeth of the calyx lanceolate. Ex. 



VIOLA. .5—1. (C/s/t, or according to the divisions of Lindley, Fi'oZacefE.) [From /on, because 

 first described in Ionia.] 



A. Stemless, or toUh a suhterraiiean stem. {Leaves more or less reniform, always 

 cordate, younger cucullate ; proper colour of the corolla violet ] 



cuculla'ta, (b. p. M. %.) glabrous ; leaves cordate, somewhat acuminate, ere- 

 nate-dentate ; autumnal ones largest, very exactly reniform; peduncle 

 somewhat 4-sided, longer than the leaves; divisions of the calyx subulate, 

 acuminate, emarginate behind, or very entire ; petals (as in many Ameri~ 

 can species) oblique, veiny, very entire, white at the base, upper one gen- 

 erally naked, glabrous, lateral ones bearded, and with the upper one mark- 

 ed with a few blue lines. Var. papilionacea, petioles and peduncles longer ; 

 leaves sub-lance-ovate; beards of the lateral petals often yellow. Var. te- 

 tragona, peduncle strong, exactly 4-sided; petals azure-colour, veinless. 

 Var. villosa, leaves, petals, and peduncles villose. 4-8 i. 



palma'ta, (b-p. M. %..) mostly villose; leaves heart-reniform, palmate, 5-7- 

 lobed; lobes often narrow, and gashed, middle one always larger; some- 

 times villose both sides, sometimes only beneath ; often glabrous, all of them 

 very often purple beneath ; the first spring ones are ovate, entire ; petioles 

 sub-emarginate ; peduncle somewhat 4-sided, longer than the leaves; di- 

 visions of the calyx lance-ovate, ciliate, very entire behind ; petals all 

 very entire, veiny, and white at the base, upper ones narrow, smaller, 

 sometimes villose at the base, yet often naked, glabrous ; lateral ones 

 densely bearded, and with the upper one, marked with a few blue lines. 

 One variety has white flowers. 3-6 i. 



[Leaves oblong or ovate, never reniform ; younger ones cucullate.] 



Sagitta'ta, (E. b-p. Ap. %.) glabrous; leaves ciliate, oblong, not acute, sagit- 

 tate-cordate, dentate, gashed at the base, (or furnished with elongated di- 

 varicate teeth ;) peduncle somewhat 4-sided, longer than the leaves ; divis- 

 ions of the calyx lanceolate, acuminate, emarginate behind; petals all very 

 entire, veiny, white at the base; upper one generally naked, glabrous; 

 lateral ones densely bearded, and with the upper one, marked with a few 

 blue lines; spur elongated behind. A variety has the leaves more or less 

 villose. Dry. 

 [Leaves ovate or lanceolate ; corolla white, with the lateral petals narrower,] 



amce'rui, (E. w. Ap. %.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, sub-acuminate, crenate. 

 sometimes sub-villose above; petioles long, spotted with red; peduncle 

 somewhat 4-sided, equalling or exceeding the length of the leaves, spotted; 

 divisions of the calyx lanceolate; petals all very entire, green at the base; 

 lateral ones sometimes with the base pubescent, and with the upper oue 

 marked with a few blue lines. Moist woods. Flowers odorous. 

 [Stemless, not belonging to the preceding divisions.] 



Totundifo'lia, (0. M. y. %..) glabrous; leaves thickish, appressed to the eartli, 

 broad-ovate or orbicular, cordate, crenate ; nerves pubescent beneath ; sinus 

 closed ; peduncle somewhat 4-sided, as long as the leaves ; divisions of the 

 calyx oblong, obtuse ; petals sometimes emarginate ; upper ones small ; 

 lateral ones somewhat bearded, and with the upper one, marked with a few 

 yellowish brown lines ; spur very short. Woods. 1-3 i. 



peda'ta, (M. p-b. %.) glabrous; leaves sometimes ciliate, variously divided, 

 very open, pedately 9-parted; divisions linear, and obtusely lanceolate 

 generally 3-lobed at the apex, often simply lanceolate, with the apex, 5-7- 

 lobed, peduncle somewhat 4-sided ; divisions of the calyx lanceolate, acula 



