ANIMAL SYMPATHIES. 415 



apparatus of the throat, — as it must necessarily be, 

 since both are provisions against the access of water 

 under one and the same submersion, — then the 

 lifting of the ear-lid must be simultaneous with the 

 act of relaxing the gular cartilages. This seems to 

 explain a well-known habit of the Crocodile in lying 

 out of the water with his mouth open, — the opened 

 throat is an accompaniment of the open ear-valve. 

 The Crocodile is in the act of listening for an ap- 

 proaching prey. It is similar to that act in our- 

 selves. The lips apart increase distinct hearing, — 

 sound producing an aural influence as well inter- 

 nally as externally. 



" The nostrils, like the ears, have moveable valves, 

 shutting and opening according to the total or par- 

 tial immersion of the snout. The power of the 

 Crocodile of remaining under water without breath- 

 ing is not considered to exceed ten minutes. 



" All these provisions, with the linear contracting 

 and dilating pupil to regulate vision according to the 

 quantity of light, and the nictitating membrane of 

 the eye with the two external eye-lids, demonstrate 

 a nature most providently arranged for predacious 

 life in the water. 



"I close my present notes of the Crocodile by mak- 

 ing reference again to its sympathy when apprehensive 

 of danger to any of its species. This reptile is 

 known to hasten eagerly to a spot where a dog may 

 be yelping. I have mentioned elsewhere that the 

 whine and bark of the dog closely resemble the cry of 

 the Crocodile. As the maternal instincts are strong, 

 we may expect that the arterial circulation in the 



