i'HE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 



149 



that it is adulterated. A honey-dealer 

 is at the mercy of the customer, and 

 the more so when he ships honey a 

 long distance on credit.— C. W. 

 Dayton. 



In this case B is simply a middle 

 man. and should send a bill from the 

 party from whom the honey was ob- 

 tained. This would be B's voucher 

 that it was California honey. Unless 

 A can prove that the honey is not 

 -what he called for, " California 

 honey," he will have to pay for the 

 honey sent. What course should a 

 dealer adopt, would depend upon the 

 parties involved.— H. I). Cutting. 



I should think that B can collect of 

 A without oflfering any proof, and A 

 must prove the honey impure if he 

 would avoid payment. I do not, how- 

 «ver, consider those who answer 

 queries in this department authority 

 in a matter of this kind. We are 

 supposed to answer questions because 

 we have had experience in bee-keep- 

 inj^, and a man, especially a lawyer, 

 who never saw a bee, could answer 

 this question just as well or better 

 than we.— C. C. Miller. 



The burden of proof rests with him 

 who tirst claims tne honey to be adul- 

 terated. If nothing more than asser- 

 tion was needed to justify one in re- 

 fusing goods, every tickle-minded 

 rogue could use it to very bad pur- 

 poses. Have the honey analyzed, and 

 then you will know about as much 

 concerning it as you do now ; possibly 

 more.— .James Hbddon. 



Were I A, I should send a sample 

 of the honey to other experts to secure 

 their judgment as to its value and 

 quality. Were I B, I should do the 

 same. Both should be willing to arbi- 

 trate. I would never go to law, but 

 would always try to be so fair in deal- 

 ing that any person with whom I had 

 a difference, would leave the matter 

 to disinterested parties for settlement. 

 Law in such cases is a poor remedy ; 

 I guess that we may safely say a 

 *.' fraud and a delusion."— A. J. Cook. 



This is purely a question of law, and 

 as such has no place— at least should 

 in my judgment have none— in this 

 department. Opinions of those others 

 than lawyers or men versed in the 

 law. can but be of little value ; and 

 the gratuitous opinion of a lawyer 



given liere, would not be justice to 

 is brothers in the locality of "Penn." 

 If ■' Penn." will write me personally, 

 I will answer him, however, without 

 charge.- J. E. Pond. 



B is right. If we had to prove our 

 honey to be pure, every time a fool 

 calls it adulterated, we would have to 

 spend hundreds of dollars in chemical 

 tests, which might be as unreliable as 

 the fool's assertions. We do not be- 

 lieve that there is any adulterated 

 California honey, although some say 

 that they adulterate it in the East. 

 Honey is cheaper now than glucose, 

 especially in California, but some 

 people suspect every one else of being 

 dishonest, and will believe a falsehood 

 sooner than the truth.— Dadant & 

 Son. 



When " A " received the case of 

 honey— never having before seen it- 



it was proper for him to inspect it, 

 and he might reject it, if it was adul- 

 terated, or not what he ordered. If 

 this was not allowed in law, the pur- 

 chaser at a distance would have no 

 show for his rights. But should B 

 feel agrieved, believing he had tilled 

 the order properly, he would be the 

 plaintiff in his action for his pay, and 

 the rights of the parties would be 

 litigated. Just as long as glucose and 

 sugar syrup is fed to bees w6 will 

 hear of such cases as this.— G. W. 

 Demaree. 



It is hardly probable that the honey 

 is adulterated, because it will not pay 

 at the present prices of both honey 

 and glucose. If A claims that the 

 honey is adulterated, he should at 

 least attempt to prove it. Arbitrate 

 it by all means.— The Editor. 



Qneries Waiting tlieir Tnrn. 



One, whose queries had been wait- 

 ing for some time,wrote to us a rather 

 "'' rough " letter, hinting that we were 

 acting unfairly in not letting his 

 queries be answered earlier. To con- 

 vince him and others that the Queries 

 are on hand, and to prevent a repeti- 

 tion or duplication of the questions 

 (as well as to show the order of publi- 

 cation), we will here print a portion 

 of those now in type, awaiting their 

 turn for publication : 



Query, No. 388,— What are the best 



^ ickaees to put u] 

 ffranulated ?— J. G 



packages to put up honey in for retail, before it is 

 la ^ - ■ " ' " 



Query, No. 389.— In doublini? up late 

 swarms or weak cnI<mie8.do you think it best to kill 

 the queen of the last bees you put into the hive, 

 or let the bees du it themselves? I suppose we 

 hive many queenless colonies.— H. C. G. 



Query, No. 390.— 1.— What race or strain 



of bees make thethinnestcell-walls.oruse the least 

 wax in comb bulMing, and wliat use the most ? 2. 

 Would yuu recnmuiend a strain tliat built heavy 

 combs if you had to ship honey some distance to 

 market ?— G. 



Query, No. 391.— I use a hive holding 9 



frames about the Langstroth capacity. After 

 swarming 1 wish to reduce the number to 7 

 frames. Would I secure as much honey by using 

 two dummies, one nn each side of the brood-nest 

 with a bee-space all around the dummies, or 

 would it be best to use a close-flttine board, and 

 shut the bees out from passing around them ?— 

 Subscriber. 



Query, No. 392.— Would it be advisable 



to make the slots in the sections, so that when two 

 are placed tnyetli'T they will be (lueen-excluding, 

 and tlius save tlie expense of gueen-excluding 

 lioney-boards ? It not, what would be the objec- 

 tion to tills plan I*— Ky. 



Query, No. 393,— Have we what may 

 be called gentle strains of bees that are the equal, 

 as producers of (oiub honey, of some of the more 

 ill-tempered varieties? In other words, does ill- 

 temper and extra-working quality exist in bees as 

 inseparable factors?— L. 



Query, No. 394.— Having 6 coloniea of 



bees. 4 of which ;tre in box-hives, and all in the 

 cellar {here we I'lit thera out in the latter part of 

 April), and wisliiii:^ to stimulate them for rapid 

 increaf<e, will it l>e wise or prudent to transfer 

 them when tirst put out of the cellar, as I do not 

 want them in box-hives?— A. G., Vt. 



Query, No. 395.— Is there any success- 

 ful method of eatrhing swarms as tbev issue from 

 ahive?-Montir,'IIo,N. Y. 



Query, No. 396.— In runninfi- an apiary 

 for comb hoiM'V. iiesirine no increase, ami usint; 

 the latest inipiovf! hives and supers, how many 

 colonies can nun i lan, having a good knowledge of 

 the business. hJin-lleso as to bring the best returns 

 for tlie monev invested and the time spent?— J. 

 , C, Ills. 



Query, No. 397.— 1. Would it be advisa- 

 ble to move :^ri or 40 colonies of bees 14 nnlea the 

 latter part of. July, on a spring-wagon, in order to 

 get them in a ha-ality where tliey would work on 

 buckwheat, there being no buckwheat in this 

 locality. 2. What would be the best way to venti- 

 late each hive whileraovingthem?— Pennsylvania. 



Query, No. 398.— Is a cross between Car- 

 nlolans and Italians a profitable bee ?- H. W. 



Query, No. 309.— Is not an unpainted 



hive both warmer and drier than a painted one, 

 if not permitted to become wet ?-U. 



Query, No. 100.— 1. Will bees work in 

 the sections as well with a bee-space above as 

 with a close cover? 2. Would this prevent the 

 use of 90 much propolis above the sections?— W. 

 J., Tenn. 



Query, No. 101.— Bo bees consume more 



honev when thcv have an occasional flight, than 

 tliey "do in coiitiiiued cold weather -on the summer 

 stands ?— Arnold. 



Query, No. 402.— What is the best and 

 most feasible method for " building up " colonies 

 in the spring, in time for the white clover honey 

 harvest ?-E.B.. Ills. 



Query 403.— I am troubled about getting 



beesoutof the sections when the latter are filled 

 with honey. I use two-pound, close-top sections. 

 I have to take the sections out of the case and 

 brush the bees off. Cau you inform me of any 

 better way ?— Wisconsin. 



Query 404.— 1. Ought the super or case 



of sections be put on the hive of a swarm at the 

 time of hiving? If not, when? :•. Ought they to 

 be put on the hives of old colonics before the 

 brood-chamber is filled with bropdand huney ?— E. 

 & W. M.. Va. 



Query 405,— What is your actual experi- 

 ence in regard to bees tearing down queen-cells 

 when the cells are inverted ?— Missouri. 



Query 406.— Can you give any reason 

 why bees should swarm in January, leaving honey 

 and brood in their hive'^. also queen-cells and a 

 few bees? The dav they swarmed it was very 

 pleasant, and the sun was shining.- Louisana. 



Query 407.— Recently I was skinning a 



steer that had choked todeath, when Isaw several 

 bees eagerlv sip the blood as it flowed from the 

 several veins. 1. Did any one ever notice bees do 

 this before, and at what season of the year ? 2. 

 Can you suggest any reason for their gathering 

 blood, as plenty of water was near them ?— Mo. 



Query 408.— I use an 8 frame Langstroth 



hive ; if 1 change to one having 10 frames, will I 

 get fewer and larger swarms? Will 1 get more 

 comb honey ?—Y., Maryland. 



Query 409,- Suppose an earth-roofed 



cave, half under and half above ground, frost- 

 proof, well drained, well sub-eartli ventilated, con- 

 taining a trough holding 2 barrels of water, into 

 which, and from which, by a sub-earth pipe passes 

 4 or 5 barrels of fresh water every morning and 

 evening, from a well (the temperature of which 

 wateri84fi degrees Fahr.) l. Would such a cave 

 be a good winter repository for bees? 2. Will the 

 trough of water be a benefit or an injury to the 

 bees ? 3. How many colonies will be safe in such a 

 cave, the dimensions being lOxi.'S feet, and an 

 average of 6 feet high ?— S., Central Ills. 



Query 410.— Is it essential to extract 

 from the brood-chamber in the production of 

 comb honey ?-T. P., Va. 



Query 411.— All other conditions being 

 equal. ;how much more comb honey will one 

 colony or 50col<mie8 of bees store in brood-frames 

 than in one-pound sections ?— Ohio. 



Query 412.— Mr. A wants to try winter- 

 ing his bees in liis cellar, which communicates, by 

 a stairway, with the kitchen above. 1. Will it be 

 in anv way a detriment to the healtli of his family 

 to have his bees in the cellar? 2. How large a 

 room must be partitioned off for yo colonies? 3. 

 Will it be anybeneflt to whitewash t lie room before 

 putting in the bees?— H. D. 8.. Pa. 



Query 413.— Will bees winter better on 



old than on new combs ? 



Query 414.— How many frames of the 



Gallup size would be best for producing comb 

 honey, where the honey harvest continues from 

 the last of May until the last of July, with gen- 

 erally a fall crop ?— B., Iowa. 



Query 415.— 1. Can extracted honey be 



put on the market of as high and delicate a flavor 

 as comb honey of the same kind? 2. If so. give 

 the best method of securing and handling the 

 same?- N. J. 



Query 416.— 1. When the standard Lang- 

 stroth hive is used for producing extracted honey, 

 Isitbestt-i use full-depth second-stories or shal- 

 low siiihts on the tiering-up plan? 2. How deep 

 should tlie frames for the latter be? :i. What 

 thickne-^s should the top and bottom bars be to 

 prevent sagging?— New Jersey. 



