fHE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 



341 



troduce a queen-cell just ready to 

 hatch, instead of a laying queen ; it 

 would save the risk of introducing. 

 3. Keep queens in nuclei.— W. Z. 

 Hutchinson. 



1. Three years ii a safe rule, if you 

 know you have the same queen. 2. 

 My method is to find the old qneen, 

 put plenty of honey on the head, legs 

 and wings of the queen I wish to in- 

 troduce, and drop her in between the 

 frames. Use honey from the same 

 hive, and you will have success nearly 

 every time. This is a quick way. and 

 with me as sure as any. 3. Keep 

 queens in nuclei. — H. D. Cutting. 



1. Xever supersede them while they 

 are able to, and do give good service 

 in egg-laying. 2. Remove the old 

 queeu and introduce a new one by 

 some of the many plans taught in the 

 text-books aud bee-papers. 3. When- 

 ever the queen shows evidence of 

 failing powers. Queens may be kept 

 for some time in cages, in a colony or 

 nucleus.— J. E. Pond. 



An unskilled apiarist should leave 

 it to the bees to supersede queeus. 

 They will do it at the right time, and 

 in a satisfactory way. Surpl ui queens 

 may be kept in nuclei.— The Editor. 



^oxxtspomltnu. 



This mark © indicates that the apiarist is 

 located near tne center of the State named ; 

 5 north of the center; 9 south; O* east; 

 ♦Owest; and this (^ northeast ; "O northwest: 

 o« southeast; and 9 southwest of the center 

 of the State mentioned. 



For the American Bee JounuiL 



Location of an Apiary, 



O. CLUTE. 



While bees can be kept successfully 

 in almost every locality, if there is 



Easturage, yet the site of the apiary 

 as a good deal to do with the ease 

 and rapidity of work in caring for the 

 bees, and probably it has also some 

 influence on the bees themselves. 



As to the bees, it is important that 

 the apiary be so situated as to be well 



Erotected from high winds. If it can 

 e protected on all sides it is well. 

 Certainly it should be protected on 

 the north and west. In the spring or 

 fall a Berce north wind or west wind 

 blowing directly on the hives and 

 through the apiary, is by no means 

 helpful to the bees ; neither is an east 

 wind or a south wind. Undoubtedly 

 a site where the apiary is protected 

 on all sides from severe winds is most 

 desirable. 



The kind of protection is not of 

 much importance. A h)«h fence will 

 do. A wind-break of t'eesis excel- 

 lent, if thick enough. A hill sloping 

 to the south or east will keep off the 

 north and west winds. Perhaps a 

 side sloping gently to the southeast, 

 with a thick wind-breat of evergreens 

 planted on all sides of it, would be 

 the ideal site. It wcukl catch the 



warm sunshine of spring, and keep 

 the hives warm for brood-rearing. It 

 would catch the early morning sun, 

 and so rouse the bees to an early start 

 when the white clover or the "linden 

 is full of its pure nectar. It would 

 give the best protection against the 

 wild winds from the west or north, 

 that in this latitude sometimes sweep 

 down upon us with so fierce a touch. 

 With a little taste on the part of the 

 bee-keeper in planting a shade-tree 

 here, a flowering shrub there, a bed 

 of bright flowers yonder, a cozy seat 

 beneatli this tree, a Japanese ivy to 

 fasten its clinging touch on the oak 

 on the further side— we should soon 

 see a " place of beauty which is a joy 

 forever." 



Nearness to the house is on several 

 accounts important. The family of 

 the bee-keeper soon comes to regard 

 nearness to the house as no evil. 

 Even the little children will walk 

 fearlessly among the hives, and very 

 seldom get stung. But in order to 

 keep one's friends from being so 

 nervous that they refrain from visit- 

 ing you, it may be well to have a high 

 fence so disposed as to shut off the 

 sight of the hives from persons on the 

 street or approaching the house. 



Of course it is best not to keep bees 

 so near the road that there is danger 

 of horses or people being stung. But 

 a few rods are sufficient to prevent all 

 danger, especially if there is a high 

 fence or a belt of trees intervening. 

 A little caution on the part of the bee- 

 keeper to prevent his bees from sting- 

 ing people will usually keep all per- 

 sons his friends, and prevent any 

 thought of his bees being a nuisance 

 that must be '" taken out of town." 



My own apiary is on the summit of 

 a hill, very gently sloping to the east. 

 Trees, buildings, and high fences 

 protect from north and west winds. 

 There is no protection ifrom east and 

 south winds. It is about eight rods 

 from a street on which there is a 

 great deal of passing, and about three 

 rods from the kitchen door. It is not 

 an ideal location, but it is pretty good. 



Iowa City,o Iowa. 



For tbe American Bee Joumali 



Com!] Founilation in tlie Sections. 



W. Z. HUTCHINSON. 



The above is one of the subjects 

 discussed in " The Production of 

 Comb Honey." Since the book was 

 published I have received the follow- 

 ing letter. As it touches upon one or 

 two points that I did not cover, but 

 that have an important bearing upon 

 this subject, it is with pleasure that I 

 give it to the public, especially as the 

 writer has given his consent to have 

 it appear in the American Bee 

 Journal : 



Stow, N. Y., April 17. 1887. 



Dear Sir .—I am enga^red in the produc- 

 tion of comb honey, specially for the Chau- 

 tauqua local market. Chautauqua, as you 

 know, has become a noted resort. 



I have found the use of foundation in sec- 

 tions detrimenta' to sales, and have nearly 

 discontinued its use, usin^ only a small 

 starter in a few last season, after ray supply 

 of natural comb for starters was exhausted. 



Let me relate a case illustrating the etfect 

 of my course upon customers : The steward 

 at the Kent House, Lakewood, told me last 

 August that they had a distinguished g-uest 

 who ate so much of my honey that he in- 

 sisted upon buying it as an extra, so that he 

 could have it- every meal. "He eats no 

 honey at home,'* said the steward " because 

 he thinks it is nearly all either adulterated 

 or wholly artificial, but he says he knows 

 yours is pure." 



That yellow septum clinches the "Wiley 

 lie" with the average consumer, and it is 

 impossible to undo the mischief. 



A lady from Buffalo wanted a package to 

 take home with her, as "she could get no 

 pure honey In the city." " Why," said I, 

 " do you think comb honey is adulterated ?" 

 "Oh, yes," said she, "they make it now by 

 machinery so perfect that it is hard to tell 

 the difference until you come to eat it.'* 



In my opinion, if beekeepers want to raise 

 the price of honey, the most effectual plan 

 will be to combine for the disuse of founda- 

 tion in comb honey in sections, thereby 

 largely increasing its consumption. 



But I sat down to order your little book, 

 and noticing: that you make the non-use of 

 foundation in the brood-nest a prominent 

 feature in your system. I thought I would 

 say that I have found its non-use in the sec- 

 tions essential to the increasing sale and 

 consumption of honey. 



or course I should be pleased to have your 

 views on the use of foundation in sections ; 

 and will close by asking questions which I 

 think have not been answered in the Query 

 Department of the American Bee Jodrnal, 

 viz : 1. What per cent, is gained hy the use 

 of foundation in producing comb honey ? 2. 

 What per cent, in sales is lost by its use ? 



Its existence in comb honey hinges upon 

 the answer to these two questions. 



Le Roy Whitford. 



There is no question but what that 

 Wiley lie has damaged bee-keepers to 

 the extent of many thousands of dol- 

 lars. Had it appeared only in the 

 paper in which it was originally pub- 

 lished, but little damage would have 

 been done, but it was something sen- 

 sational, and it went from ocean to 

 ocean, and from gulf to bay, until 

 there is scarcely a person who has not 

 heard of it, and perhaps a majority of 

 those who read it, believe it. This is 

 not to be wondered at. This is an 

 age of ingenuity and — adulterations, 

 and everybody knows it ; and when a 

 man who knows nothing practically 

 about bee-keeping, but has read the 

 Wiley lie, discovers a firm, hard, 

 tough, yellow substance in the centre 

 of his comb honey, is it to be won- 

 dered at that he scrapes the honei/ off 

 and lays aside the foundation with an, 

 " Aha ! you needn't talk to me, I know 

 now that there is such a thing as 

 artificial comb honey ?" 



Bee-keepers, there is no use of our 

 " kicking ;" the use of foundation 

 does " give color to an unjust accusa- 

 tion," it furnishes the Wiley lie with 

 a "foundation." 



I know that Mr. Heddon says he 

 used foundation three or four years 

 before any of his customers noticed 

 anything peculiar about the honey. 

 True, but their suspicions were not 

 aroused — they did not look for arti- 

 ficial about comb honey any more 

 than we would now about a straw- 

 berry. The case is now far different ; 

 not only are suspicions aroused, but a 

 great many people believe that comb 

 honey can be ground out by machin- 

 ery as easily as can mandrake pills, 

 and all that is needed to change be- 

 lief to certainty is the finding of a 

 piece of corrugated, yellow leather (?) 

 in the centre of a delicate morsel of 

 honey. I am aware that comb foun- 



