July 



THE POMOLOGIST. 



93 



ripe, and in blossome yet ; a very large and 

 elegant blackberry, but it cannot get before 

 the public in trade until we have tlioroughly 

 tested it, and it appears to be wortliy. 



In some future letter I will give you my 

 notes on the varieties of small fruits if 

 desirable. 



The PoMOLOGisT pleases me greatly ; may 

 it have a large circulation (for I kuow it 

 will do much good) is the wish of your 

 subscriber. 



Saluei, Mflleb, Bhiffton, Mo. 



Constitution of Iowa Horticultural Society. 



Mark Miller, Dear Sir. — I hope you 

 may find it convenient to publish the Con- 

 stitution, by-laws, rules, and regulation.s of 

 the Iowa State Horticultural Society— or 

 may be you could send me a copy. If so, 

 you will confer a favor by sending me a 

 copy. I am engaged in fruit growing and 

 nursery business ar.d hope to have the priv- 

 ilege of meeting with the fruit growers and 

 nurserymen of the t^tate more frequently in 

 the future tlian in the past. 



R. M. MOYER. 



Baker, Jeffirson Co., Iowa. 



Remarks. — We copy the Constitution 

 from our volume of the transactions of the 

 society for June, — the only one we have 

 at hand. We think a code of by-laws has 

 been adopted, but think it has not appeared 

 in print. It may come in the transactions 

 for 1869. If so, will give it a place in our 

 columns. 



CONSTITDTION. 



Article 1. — This Society shall be called 

 the Iowa Slate Horticultural Society, and 

 shall have perpetual succession. 



Article 3. — The object of this society 

 shall be the promotion and encouragement 

 of horticulture and arboriculture, by the col- 

 lection and dissemiiiatiou of correct informa- 

 tion concerning the cultivation of such fruits, 

 flowers and trees, both deciduous and ever- 

 green, as are adapted to the soil and climate 

 of Iowa. 



Article 3. — The officers of this society 

 shall consist of a president, one vice presi- 

 dent, a secretary, treasurer, and ten directors, 

 who together shall form a IjDard for the gen- 

 eral supi-'rvision of the all'airs of the society. 

 The olHeers shall be elected annually, at .such 

 time a..d place, and in such manner as the 

 society may determine at the time and place 

 of holdii g its aniiual exhibition in January. 

 Said board may adopt .siicli by-laws as shall 

 be deemed neci/ssary for the benelit of the 

 society, and not inconsistent with this con 

 stitution ai.d the laws of the State of Iowa, 

 and change the same from time to time. 



Article 4. — Tlie secretary shall keep an 

 accurate and full record of the proceedings 

 of the si'Cietj'. He shall also open and carry 

 onacorrespondCi.ce with such fruit-growers, 

 florists and horticulturists in general through- 

 out the stale as manifest a:i interest in the 

 purposes of the .society. He shall anuuallj- 

 make up a ri purl lor publication, en bracing 

 such ii.f.irmalion upon fruit-growing as may 

 wtne within his reach, with a full report of 

 the bu^iuets afl'airs of the soeiet}', a.id shall 

 be allowed a reasonable compensation for 

 Ms services. 



Article 5. The treasurer shall have 

 charge of the'fuiids and other projierty 



of the society, and dispose of them as 

 decided by the board of officers. He shall 

 pay out no mimey except on the order of the 

 president, and countersigned by the secreta- 

 ry. He shall make up a full and true report 

 of all money and other property put into his 

 hands for the benefit of the society, with dis- 

 bursements and vouchers annual!}', and 

 present the .same to the secretary on or 

 before the first day of the meeting in Janu- 

 ary, and shall be required to give bond in 

 such sum, and with such securities as the 

 board shall direct, which bond shall be ap- 

 proved bj' the president and filed with the 

 secretary. 



Article 6.— All accounts brought against 

 the society shall be audited by the board. 



Article 7. — The members ])resent, of the 

 board, shall constitute a quorum for the 

 transiiction of business at any regularly 

 called or adjourned meeting. 



Article 8. — Any person may become a 

 member of this society by the annual pay- 

 ment of one dollar. 



Article 9. — The fiscal year shall com- 

 mence and end at the January meeting of 

 each year, and the retiring board shall settle 

 the business of the previous year. 



Article 10. —This constitution may be 

 amended at any annual meeting by a major- 

 ity of the members present. 



Fruit Prospects in Connecticut. — Our 

 esteemed correspondent, Mr. A. Veitch, of 

 New Haven, Conn., writes us June. 16. 

 " Thus far the prospects of a full crop of 

 fruit of the leading kinds is very good in 

 this neighborhood. Up to March the winter 

 was unusually mild, which gave rise in some 

 minds to the apprehension that the trees 

 might be injured, but time has shown the 

 temperature had not been maintained at 

 sufficient pitch for them to feel ' the blind 

 motions of spring,' and awake thera from 

 needful rejose. At flowering time the apple 

 and pear trees were perfectly beautiful, the 

 fresh, green foliage contrasting and setting 

 off so finely a wreath of flowers seldom 

 equalled — never excelled. It is true, at this 

 stage of growth, large numbers of the fruit 

 are falling, but seemingly not more than what 

 will be for the good of those which remain 

 to be harvested. 



Raspberry Rust. 



Wm. Parry in an essay read before the 

 Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, says: 



A fungus or rust that has f >r yearsbcen 

 preying upon the wild blackberries and 

 dewberries and recently l]as attacked the 

 Dorchester Blackbirry, devastating in its 

 march as certainly as the fire blight on the 

 pears, or the yellows on peach trees, has 

 also eommenc 'd its ravages on the Black 

 Cap Raspberry. Three years since we first 

 discoveri d it on a small patch of about five 

 acres of Doolittles, and were surijrised to 

 find that every plant alhcted lost much of 

 its vitality producing no blossonies and of 

 course no fruit. It first appears on the 

 under side of tlie leaves, < f a reddish yellow 

 incrustation; as it approaches maturity a 

 fine dust of a yellowish cast is formed, 

 which by a little disturbance is wafted by 

 the wind to other bushi'S near liy. The 

 second year there are numbers of small 

 spindling shoots sent up lu'odueing no fruit, 

 but having a weak sickly appearance. It 

 has spri ad so rapidlj' as to destroy nc arly 

 the whole of that patch of black raspberries, 

 which we intend to l)urn and plow the 

 ground for a fall crop of vegetables. 



Increasing the Flavor of Fruit. 



For a number of years past there has been 

 a decided tendency on the part of fruit 

 growers, and more especially those who cul- 

 tivate for market, to grow only large fruit, 

 or rather varieties of small fruits of a large 

 size. We are not surprised at this, from the 

 fact, that however ii:sipid and flavorless a 

 strawberry may be, it will always command 

 the highest price in the market, if it is only 

 large and fine looking. Hence, with the 

 cultivator, it becomes a matter ot dollars 

 and cents. Fruit growing for profit is his 

 business, and it is to such generally, a matter 

 of iudift'erence whether the fruit is of fine 

 flavor, or otherwise, so that it finds ready 

 purchasers at good figures. It would be 

 simply folly to argue against such a spirit, 

 and as long as people are content to sacrifice 

 the sense of taste for that of sight, we have 

 no right to object. 



But it does not follow, necessarily, that 

 large fruit is obtained at the expense of its 

 flavor. Every horticulturist knows that a 

 wet, cloudy season invariably produces 

 greatly increased acidity in the small fruits, 

 and this is especially noticable in the peach 

 and strawberry. This result is, of course, 

 beyond human control. But not so in some 

 other cases. We believe that it is in the 

 power of a cultivator who lias not too keen 

 an eye to profit, to command a flavor. " The 

 method," says a first-class authority on the 

 subject, " is to thin out severely." 



This same writer assumes that if a peach 

 or plum tree is allowed to mature five or six 

 dozens of fruit, where only half that quantity 

 should have been permitted, the result will 

 be a flavor of decidedly inferior quality. A 

 case in point is cited : A favorite plum tree 

 in 1861 bore but a light crop of fruit, all of 

 which was carefully preserved. The aroma 

 of the fruit, when made into puddings or 

 tarts, was delicious. In 1863 the crop of 

 plums on the same tree was so abundant as 

 to hide the leaves. The usual cpjantity was 

 preserved, but the fine aroma of those of the 

 previous year was wanting. From all of 

 which he in.sists on the following: '■'By 

 thinnint) you make indifferent fruit good. By 

 croirding you make good fruit bad." 



We are aware that it is asking a great deal 

 of an amateur to thin out fruit, but it will 

 pay in the end, when quality and not quan- 

 tity is desired. — Journal of the Farm. 



Peach Tree Borers. — A peach-grower 

 says that he had some peach trees that were 

 infested with borers, bearing no fruit. He 

 removed the worms, replaced the earth, and 

 took hen manure, over which he poured hot 

 water, stirred it, and ajiplied some of it to 

 each tree, pouring the hot liquid around 

 the trunks of the trees, where the borers 

 enter. The next season the trees bore a good 

 many peaches that withered ; but the second 

 year, and after that, they bore large, de- 

 licious fruit. It may be that hen manure 

 ■\vill keep oft' the borers from peach trees; 

 and if so, it will be well to try it. 



•*-*-*■ 



The Mor.se Apple.— A correspondent of 

 the Farmer'fi {Mhi.) Union planted six trees 

 of this variety four years ago, from which he 

 claims to have gathered three pecks of apples 

 last season. The apph^ Is of large size, a 

 good keeper and of good quality. 'The tree 

 is perfectly hardy — not so much as the tip 

 of a twig winter killed. 



♦-•-* — 



Fruit, vs Medicine.— An eminent New 

 Englaid physician has n marked, after near 

 ly forty years' experience, that when the 

 fruit has been cut oft" in the towns to which 

 his practice was mainly limited, there was 

 always an increase of bilious troubles, and 

 usually a larger than average amount of gen 

 cral sickness. — Ex. 



