94 



THE WESTERN POMOLOGIST. 



1871 



The Apple.— Its Propagation, No. 3. 



Bt the Associate Editor. 



Having once determined the number of trees to 

 ■plant, lay ofl' tlie ground in the following manner, 

 which is easy, simple, convenient, and comprehen- 

 sive, requiring hut little time or measurement to 

 make it exact with the rows running each way, 

 adapted to the amateur as well as the orchardist. 



Whether the orchard is to contain many or few 

 acres, lay off but one acre at a time, aud so continue 

 till doue, which will be found more convenient aud 

 expedicious in the end, it being but little space to 

 pass over and make correct, and when done, it will 

 be a guide to the balance, however large. 



First procure 49 permanent stakes, two feet long 

 or upwards, and also 3G secondary stakes, eighteen 

 inches long or under, or in other words procure 

 the above number so the 30 secondary can be readily 

 distinguished from the 49 jjermaneut stakes, either 

 by color, mark, or length. Take the 49 permanent 

 stakes and set them in the following manner : 

 A 1 3 8 4 5 B 



FIG. 1. 



Fig. 1, shows au acre squared with the permanent intakes, set 

 30 feet apart on each side aud through the center. 



After determining the permanent corner, A, set a 

 stake and run a line along the side fixed for your 

 orchard, 180 feet, to B, and set a stake and fasten 

 the line tight, then divide the space into six equal 

 parts of 30 feet each, and set stakes as 1, 3, 3, 4, 5. 

 Now to exactly square the land, take another line 

 upwards of thirty feet long, and stretch it at right 

 angles with the first line from A to C, and fasten it 

 there. Now measure on the line eight feet from 

 corner A, towards C, and make a mark on the line ; 

 also measure from A, towards B, on the line six feet 

 and make a mark. Now if it is exactly square, a 

 ten foot pole will just reach across the angle from 

 one mark to the other, and if not make it so by 



moving the end of the short line at C, until it does, 

 and then set a stake 30 feet from A, at C, in exact 

 line. Now square the opposite corner, B, In like 

 manner, and set a stake 30 feet from B, at D, in line. 

 Now measure 180 feet from B, to P, and set a stake ; 

 also 180 feet from A, to E, and set a stake. Now if 

 the land is correctly squared and measured, it will 

 be just 180 feet from E, to F, and if not, it should 

 be made so. Now divide the spaces from A, to E, 

 F, and B, into equal distances of 30 feet each, and 

 set stakes as shown in Fig. 1. Then draw a line 

 across from G, to H, and set stakes 30 feet apart, as 

 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, in line with those stakes set at the 

 ends A, B, and E, F. Now you have a correct and 

 short range to set the balance of the stakes 80 feet 



Fig. 2, shows an acre laid off 30 feet squarei the large dots 

 snow the 40 permanent stakes. 



by 30 in line with those already set. When com- 

 pleted, you have 36 squares and 49 permanent cor- 

 ners, as seen in Fig. 2. 



This is the foundation of your orchard, and the 

 permanency depends upon it being well executed, 

 and faithfully performed. Now take the 30 second- 

 ary or short stakes, and set one in the center of 

 each square, and in line and angle both ways, as 

 seen in Fig. 3 ; and when finished you are ready to 

 commence setting trees. 



To take the trees up, let two men, with strong, 

 suiooth, sharp spades, one o)i each side of the row, 

 dig a trench the width of the spade along on each 

 side of the trees deep enough to cut the roots un- 

 derneath. Then commence at one end, let one per- 

 son hold the trees over to the opposite side, while 

 the other cuts beneath, and so alternately take them 

 up preserving all the roots except the few long 

 straggling roots which will necessarily be cut off in 

 the opperation. 



When many trees are to be taken up, Harkness' 



