316 



THE POMOLOaiST AND GARDENER. 



1871 



Though the varieties of the Codling tribe are 

 found to change but very little, when raised from 

 the seed, still the above kinds of stock are always 

 from layers or cuttings. 



The Doucin, the strongest growing kind, is of 

 French origin, as its name indicates. Its growth is 

 straight and upright, and here in the South is not 

 very dwarfish. Its bark is very dark colored, glos- 

 sy, and dotted with numerous white specks. Its 

 fruit is dark, ribbed, and ripens here in August. 

 The Doucin is specially used as stock for jiyramids 

 as well as for dwarf standards, with a stem not ex- 

 ceeding fifteen inches in height, and planted at a 

 distance of from eight to ten feet apart, according 

 to the quality of the soil. The French Paradise is 

 much smaller, the bark more grayish, the leaves 

 more thin, deeply, sharply, and unequally serrated 

 or toothed. This stock is used for working varie- 

 ties that are intended for the bush form, and to be 

 planted about six feet apart. The Dutch Paradise 

 or Creeper, is the true type of the Burknot, or lit- 

 tle ;Codling tribe, with many fibrous roots, looking 

 .Bke a burr, and with nodose twigs. The growth is 

 straggling, the bark coflee-brown, the leaves thick, 

 .eathery, very regularly, finely, and bluntly toothed, 

 (cronate.) Its wood is very brittle, and it should 

 therefore always be worked very near the ground. 

 Six feet distance is sufficient. But where the soil 

 is very rich, trees worked on the last two mention- 

 ed kind of stock may be put a little further apart. 



A little orchard of such dwarf apples is not only 

 a beautiful sight, but it is also very profitable. 

 They generally bear the third year from the bud 

 or graft, and the fruit produced is much larger and 

 finer than the same varieties on standard trees. Of 

 course, the trees being mere bushes, cannot produce 

 a great deal each of them, but I have often seen 

 such trees, four years old, producing a peck of beau- 

 tiful fruit. At six feet distance an acre will hold 

 about 1300 trees, at eight feet, if that distance should 

 be allowed, it would hold about 680 trees. It will 

 no doubt be evident to everybody, that such an or- 

 chard, coming into bearing at such an age would be 

 very profitable. The dwarf trees, owing to their 

 peculiar roots are satisfied with a more shallow soil 

 than standard apples, but if a richer soil can be de- 

 voted to them, they certainly will pay high inter- 

 est. — C'orrespo7i<lenl American Cotton Planter. 



« ♦ I 



Bortlcnltnral Notes troni IVebraska. 



By Robert W. Furnas, Brownvii.le, Nee. 



Ed. PoMOLOtiiST AND GARDENER : — The fruii crop 

 in Nebraska this year is only passably fair on the 

 average. Some varieties are best, others failures, 

 and again intermediates or medium. Grapes were 

 never better any where, cither .as to quality or 

 quantity ; notwithstanding all the first bloom was 

 killed with Spring frosts, on my own grounds the 



Concord, Delaware, Diana, lona, Israella, Hartford, 

 Isabella, Catawba, Ives, Rogers 15 and 19, Salem, 

 and Clinton, are most magnificent. Such clusters 

 of Diana and Delaware I have never before seen ; 

 large, well shouldered and so compact as to be per- 

 fectly solid. In all parts of the State every bsdy 

 has grapes this season. 



Peaches average fair, some trees in this vicinity 

 are already broken down with fruit. "We have cul- 

 tivated mostly seedlings, many of which are number 

 one in quality, some of the old budded varieties 

 have been fruited and are truiting this season. 

 Troth's Early, Cole's Early, Crawford's Early, and 

 Early York have done well. 



While of many varieties of apple the trees are full 

 to breaking down, the average crop is scarcely 

 fair this season. Raules' Jannette we find here "old 

 reliable." Too much cannot be said of this apple as 

 reliable in all respects. Our early warm spring days 

 cannot seduce the Jannette from his winter quar- 

 ters until "due time ;" and the tree is perfectly hardy; 

 an early and prolific bearer. 



Pears are quite reliable with us. The crop this 

 season, is not, however, as good as usual. What 

 we have are very fine. Bartlett, Flemish Beauty, 

 White Doyenne, Duchesse d' Angouleme, Beurre 

 Diel, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Sekel, and Vicar of 

 Winkficld, give general satisfaction. 



Of Cherries, the Early Richmond is our depend- 

 ence. Some other varieties occasionally give us a 

 good crop ; the Richmond almost universally. 



All our fruits this season are much in advance of 

 any former season. Especially is this the case with 

 grapes. Hartford and Ives ripe and gone at this 

 writing (Aug. 2). Delawares good eating. Concord, 

 Israella, Rogers' 15 and 19 well colored. 



How are you, Mr. Editors on the bird question? 

 Do you "spare the birds" indiscriminately? I have 

 been one of that class. Have done all in my power 

 to accommodate and repay for "morning songs" and 

 insect devastation. Have planted liberally with a 

 view to a divide with the bird.?, and have been 

 willing to give half. But when they claim and take 

 all for four or five consecutive years — all my early 

 cherries, apples, pears and sweet grapes, I confess 

 "patience" with me "ceases to be a virtue." I have 

 hung up pieces of tin, looking glasses, scare crows, 

 shot "blank cartridges" among my trees and vines 

 and all to no purpose. Having tried "kind words 

 and tufts of grass" I am now resorting to the 

 "rocks" — powder and shot. From five liundred full 

 bearing vines last year, I did not get a perfect bunch 

 of sweet grapes except where I covered with mus- 

 quito bars. This year as fast as they color the birds 

 attack them. If they would take the whole berry 

 as with cherries and gratify their appetites one 

 could stand it. But they "go through" the bunch, 

 and bunch after bunch, puncturing each berry and 

 leaving it to sour and spoil. Hereafter "I am for 

 war" on the Orioles, Cat Birds, Robins, Thrushes 

 and Woodpeckers. 



Our State Fair and Horticultural Society meet 

 at this place commencing September 36th. From 

 present indications, there will be a "big turn out" 

 and a good time. " Come and see us." 



