CATERPILLARS. 171 



they have at the end of each stalk, when they are not 

 entirely developed. One kind of small smooth cater- 

 pillar (Tortrix chlorana), with sixteen feet, the 

 under part of which is brown, and streaked with 

 white, fastens these leaves together, and makes them 

 up into parcels. There is nothing particularly strik- 

 ing in the mechanical manner in which it constructs 

 them. It does precisely what we should do in a 

 similar case: it winds a thread round those leaves 

 which must be kept together, from a little above their 

 termination to a very short distance from their ex- 

 treme point; and as it finds the leaves almost con- 

 stantly lying near each other, it has little difficulty in 

 bringing them together, as is shewn in- the cut, a. 



The prettiest of these parcels are those which are 

 made upon a kind of osier, the borders of whose 

 leaves sometimes form columnar bundles before they 

 are become developed. A section of these leaves has 

 the appearance of fillagree work. — (See b, p. 170.) 



A caterpillar which feeds upon the willow, and 

 whose singular attitudes have obtained for it the trivial 

 name of Ziczac, also constructs for itself an arbour 

 of the leaves, by drawing them together in an inge- 

 nious manner. M. Roesel* has given a tolerable 

 representation of this nest, and of the caterpillar. 

 The caterpillar is found in June ; and the moth (JVb- 

 todmita ziczac) from May to July in the following 

 year. — (See cut, p. 172.) 



Beside those caterpillars which live solitary in the 

 folds of a leaf, there are others which associate, em- 

 ploying their united powers to draw the leaves of the 

 plants they feed upon into a covering for their com- 

 mon protection. Among these we may mention the 

 caterpillar of a small butterfly, -the plantain of Glan 



* Roesel. cl. ii., Pap. Nocturn., tab. xx., fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 



