SPIDERS. 361 



tube is lined with an uniform tapestry of silken web, 

 of an orange-white colour, with a texture interme- 

 diate between Indian paper and very fine glove-leather. 

 But the most wonderful part of this nest is its en- 

 trance, which we look upon as the perfection of insect 

 architecture. A circular door, about the size of a 

 crown piece, slightly concave on the outside and 

 convex within, is tbrmed of more than a dozen layers 

 of the same web which lines the interior, closely laid 

 upon one another, and shaped so that the inner 

 layers are the broadest, the outer being gradually less 

 in diameter, except towaids the hinge, which is about 

 an inch long; and in consequence of all the layers 

 being united there, and prolonged into the tube, it 

 becomes the thickest and strongest part of the struc- 

 ture. The elasticity of the materials, also, gives to 

 this hinge the remarkable peculiarity of acting like a 

 spring, and shutting the door of the nest spontane- 

 ously. It is, besides, made to fit so accurately to the 

 aperture, which is composed of similar concentric 

 layers of web, that it is almost impossible to distin- 

 guish the joining by the most careful uispection. To 

 gratify curiosity, the door has been opened and shut 

 hundreds of times, without in the least destroying 

 the power of the spring. When the door is shut, it 

 resembles some of the lichens (Lecidca), or the 

 leathery fungi, such as Pohjporus vtrslcolor, (Mi- 

 CHELi,) or, nearer still, the upper valve of a young 

 oyster shell. The whole nest being of a blackish- 

 brown colour, it must be very diflicult to discover.* 



Another mason-spider (JV/z/o-tt^e c(ementaria, Latr.) 

 found in the South of France, usually selects for her 

 nest a place bare of grass, sloping in such a manner as 

 to carry off the water, and of a firm soil, without rocks 

 or small stones. She digs a gallery a foot or two 



* J. R. 



VOL. IV. 31 



