50 farmers' and mechanics' journal. 



We, the undersigned, having exannined the Hat Bodies made by 

 the above Machine, are of opinion, that they are better made than 

 those manufactured in the common wav. 



BRADFORD LINCOLN, Director of Boston Hat Manf. 



JOHN LONGLEY, 



HENRY CLARK, Finishing Agent of Boston Hat Manf 



We, the undersigned, having made use of Macomber's Machine 

 for Planking Wool Hat Bodies, do hereby certify, that the bodies 

 so planked, are smoother, and cloi^ed better than they can be in 

 the usual manner. The lalmrious part of the work is done by the 

 Machine. HIRAM MORTON, Foreman of 



R. Bacon''s Hat Factory^ Mcdford. 

 JOHN WHITE, Mdhum. 

 HIRAM MERRILL, Salem, JY. H. 



JONES, 0\ JAPANNING AND VARNISHING....N0. 3. 



To rub doion, or prepare (he varnished surface, for polishing. 



For ordinary purposes, shell-lac varnish does not require to be 

 rublied down and polished, but vviiere it is wished to have the sur- 

 face very even, these processes are necessary. For rubbing down, 

 pumice-stone, in tine powder, is used. Four or five coats of var- 

 nish, at least, must be laid on, and allowed to become perfectly 

 hard ; a piece of woollen rag may then be made wet, and a portion 

 of the powder put upon it ; this is to be rubbed carefully, and 

 equally over every part of the varnished surface, until it appears 

 perfectly even. Great care is requisite to avoid rubbing through 

 at some f)arts, before others are rendered smooth, particularly if 

 there are sharp edges, or projecting mouldings. When this takes 

 place, the whole process of varnishing must be repeated ; a little, 

 practice, however, will enable any one to avoid this, provided the 

 article varnished, has an even surface, and the number of coats 

 have been suflicient to give the requisite thickness of resin. When 

 the surface, to be polished, is flat, the cloth may, when used, be 

 wrapped round a piece of cork or wood ; and the same method 

 may be adopted in rubbing down mouldings. 



To polish the varnish. 

 When the surface is well prepared by the pumice-stone, it is 

 very easily polished. This is etfected by fine rotten-stone, used 

 exactly in the same way with the pumice-stone, excepting that 

 sweet oil is employed, instead of water. The oil may be removed 

 from the surface by a fine rag, and some dry rotten-stone ; and if a 

 little is then rubbed on by the palm of the hand, this will give the 

 highest possible polish to the surface. 



To prepare the rotten-stone. 

 Rotten-stone is sotnetimes harsh and gritty ; the best way of try- 

 ing it, is to take a little between the teeth, when the least portion 



