NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



125 



It has a great and happy effect upon one's own 

 mind and energy to feel that a beginning is made — 

 that a foundation is laid to build upon ; and, if for 

 no other reason, for this every young man should 

 look well to see what- becomes of his first earnings. 

 It is comparatively easy to add to a stock, however 

 small; loss easy to think of beginning one. 



We repeat our advice, then, old and oft repeated 

 as it has been. Take care of the pennies, the first 

 earned pennies of youthful endeavor, and the pounds 

 of after life will take care of themselves. — Dry Goods 

 Reporter. 



i^caltl). 



For the New England Farme)\ 



To CURE A Cold. — The present winter has been 

 characterized by the severity of colds, with which 

 almost every body has been afflicted. We ourselves 

 have had one, the most obstinate we ever had, con- 

 fining us to the house for two weeks, and by an 

 almost incessant cough forbidding ns to sleep by day 

 or night. We tried various remedies, until we wore 

 them out without realizing any desirable effect, and 

 at last heard of and tried the following, to wit : Take 

 thoroughwort, hoarhound, and pennyroyal, of each a 

 good handful, and boil them in just water enough to 

 extract the strength ; then strain off the liquor, and 

 add an equal quantity of molasses, and boil until it 

 forms a candy. Eat freely of this every time an 

 inclination to cough is felt, and your cough will soon 

 leave you. After using this candy for half a day, 

 we had a night of good sleep, and found our appetite 

 much improved next morning. 



Amputation •without Pain. — The Philadelphia 

 Ledger makes the following suggestion : — 



Two cases have recently occurred in Schuylkill 

 county, Pennsylvania, in which limbs have been 

 accidentally cut by a swift moving circular saw. In 

 both instances the persons were cleaning out the 

 refuse that accumulates in the dark chamber under 

 the work-bench in which the saw is set. One of 

 them had three deep slips cut between different fin- 

 gers, up into the hand, one cut after another. The 

 other had all the fingers of one hand cut off; some 

 half way, and others loss. In both cases, the persons 

 were not aware of their loss till the sight of blood 

 attracted their attention on coming to the light — so 

 free from pain was the operation. This suggests the 

 idea of employing an instrument of this kind for 

 similar purposes in surgery. A very light and porta- 

 ble instrument could easily be made to receive its 

 rapid circular movement by hand ; and the freedom 

 from pain ought to commend it to speedy use. It 

 would have the further advantage of making the 

 section with greater precision than can be attained 

 with the ordinary surgical knife and handsaw ; and 

 it would not require the same finnncss of nerve 

 either in the patient or the operator. 



iUcdjanics' ^Department, ^rts, $Ct. 



The Water Hammer. — Our unscientific readers 

 may be interested in an explanation of the water 

 hammer. By opening a stop-cock or fountain in a 

 tube, as that of one of the great mains of the Long 

 Pond water, a current is established through the 

 tube, the velocity of which is to that of the jet at the 

 orifico inversely as the square of the diameter of the 

 pipe to the square of the diameter of the orifice. 



Thus, if the orifice at the fountain be three inches 

 and the main thirty inches in diameter, and the 

 velocity of the jet be seventy-five feet per second, a 

 current of nine inches per second will be established 

 in the main. If the jet be six inches in diameter, 

 the current ia the main will be thirty-six inches, or 

 three feet, per second. Now, the momentum, or 

 amount of motion, is proportional to the amount of 

 velocity multiplied into the weight of the Avater in 

 motion. The water in four miles and a half of thirty 

 inch pipe would be something over four thousand tons, 

 if our ciphering is correct. The motion or blow which 

 an instantaneous stopping of a three inch fountain 

 destroys, is that of a hammer of four thousand tons 

 moving at the rate of nine inches a second, or half a 

 mile in an hour, which is just the same blow as that 

 of a hammer of forty tons, moving with the velocity 

 of the jet, or seventy-five feet per second. And in a 

 water pipe this blow takes effect in all directions, 

 the weakest point, if any thing, yielding. When we 

 consider the force of a hammer weighing forty tons, 

 — eight thousand pounds, — swung with the light- 

 ning velocity of seventy-five feet per second, we shall 

 see that the strength either of the gate boxes or the 

 pipes is nothing to it, and that their only safety lies 

 in the impossibility of shutting a stop-cock instan- 

 taneously. As time is employed in destroying the 

 motion, the force of the blow is divided. — Farmer 

 and Mechanic. 



New Principle in the Saw Mill. — Horaco 

 Hecock, writing to the Jeffersonian, says ho has 

 invented a method of sawing, " calculated, as a 

 general thing, to save the time and trouble of gigging 

 back the carriage, as the saw, after cutting through, 

 is instantly reversed, together with the feeding 

 apparatus, setting the board at the same time to the 

 required thickness, and returns cutting through the 

 log each way alternately, without stopping, until the 

 log is finished." The mill, however, is built with 

 apparatus for gigging back the carriage, for conve- 

 nience in cutting through the first time, for scant- 

 ling, &c. — N. Y. Farmer. 



Improved Shoe-Pegging Machine. — This is an 

 invention described in the American Cabinet, the 

 merits of which consist in holding the shoe on rock- 

 ing, turning, or moving stocks, in the proper position 

 to be pegged together with the simultaneous inter- 

 mittent movement of the carriage and stock, by 

 means of a cogged and grooved guide pattern, and 

 traversing guide shaft and pinion, for the purpose 

 of arranging the pegs at uniform distances apart, in 

 lines round the sole of the shoe, and parallel to its 

 edges. 



Also, the employment of the turning tube, for the 

 purpose of receiving the charger, and then placing 

 them over the hole punctured in the sole of the shoe 

 by the awl, in the proper position to be driven there- 

 in, combines the manner of supplying the turning 

 tube with pegs from the charger at suitable intervals, 

 by means of a vibrating driver. 



And lastly, the employment of a spiral chamber 

 or groove to contain the pegs and supply them to 

 the charger, one at a time, by the simultaneous inter- 

 mittent action of the traversing pusher, and ratchet 

 wheel, or otherwise in combination with the charger 

 driver, turning tube, awl, and punch, arranged and 

 operated in the manner and for the purpose de- 

 scribed. — Farmer a7id Mechajiic. 



Machine for Carving. — Mr. Isiac M. Singer, of 

 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, has invented a very inge- 

 nious machine for carving block letters for signs, 



