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NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



and probably maintain and strengthen the powers 

 of productive labor." 



The operators of Cornwall, in England, consider 

 ripe apples nearly as nourishing as bread, and more^ 

 80 than potatoes. In the year 1801, a year of scarcity, 

 apples, instead of being converted into cider, were 

 sold to the poor ; and the laborers asserted that they 

 could stand their work on baked apples, without 

 meat ; whereas, a potato diet required either meat 

 or fish. 



The French and Germans use apples extensively ; 

 indeed, ft is rare that they sit down, in the rural 

 districts, without them in some shape or other, even 

 at the best tables. The laborers and mechanics de- 

 pend on them, to a very great extent, as an article 

 of food, and frequently dine on sliced apples and 

 bread. Stewed with rice, red cabbage, carrots, or by 

 themselves, with a little sugar and milk, they make 

 both a pleasant and nutritious dish. — American 

 Agriculturist. 



Remarks by Editor N. E. Fabmer. — Apples 

 are not only a valuable article as nutritious food, 

 but in various preparations they are a luxury, ren- 

 dering many dishes far more palatable, and if they 

 sharpen the appetite, and induce the thoughtless to 

 indulge rather freely in luxuries, they are not liable 

 to injure the system like dishes of rich or concen- 

 trated food. They are not only harmless alone, and 

 when compounded with other materials for food, 

 but they are in almost all preparations highly con- 

 ducive to health. 



FRUIT TREES BY THE ROADSIDE. 



The practice of setting out fruit trees by tlie road- 

 side cannot be too highly recommended. In many 

 parts of Europe this practice is general, and the 

 fatigued traveller acknowledges the well-timed hos- 

 pitaUty thus afforded him. The excuse is often 

 made that the fruit will be stolen ; but if the practice 

 were general, the amount of fruit taken by wayfarers 

 would only be what common hospitality would freely 

 grant ; and in Germany every third tree, by cu.stom, 

 may be tabooed, (the owner of the adjoining farm ties 

 a piece of rag to one of the lower linibs of the tree,) 

 and no traveller will touch it. Travellers inform us 

 that no reward will tempt a German stage-driver to 

 regale his passengers with fruit from a marked tree 

 — two out of three thus being left for their use, if 

 desired, renders the selected tree free from the 

 chance of being used. The amount of fertilizing 

 materials continually wasted upon roads would be 

 rendered available by such a practice, and nothing 

 but extreme seltishncss will prevent the use of these 

 materials for public benefit. Many of the larger 

 sorts of fruit trees are highly ornamental and afford 

 fine shade, while the use of fruit trees alone for 

 shade, like the display of costly mansions, only ex- 

 cite the poor to envy, Viithout adding materially to 

 their comfort or health. — Working Farmer. 



ADVANTAGES OF TREES. 



Cattle thrive much better in fields even but mod- 

 erately sheltered with trees than they do in an open 

 exposed country. An Italian (Gautieri) has enu- 

 merated and illustrated the advantages in point of 

 climate which tracts of country derive from woods 

 and forests. "These," he says, "are arresting the 

 progress of impetuous and dangerous winds ; main- 

 tainuig the temperature of the air ; regulating the 

 seasons ; lessening intense cold ; opposing the forma- 

 tion and increase of ice ; moderating intense heats ; 

 producing abundance of water in the rivers ; dis- 



charging T.he electricity of the atmosphere ; opposing 

 a barrier to washing away or undermining banks ; 

 preserving from inundations ; preserving the soil on 

 hills and mountains." — tSclected. 



FEEDING CATTLE. 



An English writer observes that two great points 

 in feeding cattle are regularity and a particular care 

 of the weaker individuals. On this last account 

 there ought to be plenty of trough or rack-room, that 

 too many may not feed together ; in which very 

 common ca^c the weaker are not only trampled down 

 by the stronger, but they are worried and become 

 cowed and spiritless; than whi'.-h there cannot be a 

 more unfavorable state for thrift ; besides, these are 

 ever comjiellcd to shift with the worst of the fodder. 

 This domineering spirit is so remarkably prevalent 

 among horned cattle, that the writer has a hundred 

 times observed the master-beasts running from crib 

 to crib, and absolutelf neglecting their own proven- 

 der for the sake of driving the inferior from theirs. 

 This is, much oftener than suspected, the chief reason 

 of that difference in a lot of beasts, after a winter's 

 keep. It is likewise, he says, a very common and 

 very shameful sight, in a dairy of cows, to see several 

 of them gored and wounded in a dozen places, merely 

 from the inattention of the owner, and the neglect 

 of clipping the horns of those that butt. The weaker 

 animals should be kept apart ; and in crib-feeding in 

 the yard, it is a good method to tie up the master- 

 beasts at their meals. 



Dr. Deane says, "There should be more yards 

 than one to a barn v.'here divers sorts of cattle are 

 kept. The sheep should have a yard by themselves 

 at least ; and the young stock another, that they 

 may be wholly confined to such fodder as the farmer 

 can atlbrd them." — Yankee Farmer. 



SOMETHING TO THINK OF. 



At AVest Point, our government long ago estab- 

 lished a military school. Young men are selected 

 from different states every year, sent there, and edu- 

 cated at public expense. Every cadet that graduates 

 there, costs the United States' government from four 

 to five thousand dollars. 



More than four millions of dollars have been be- 

 stowed by the United States upon that institution ; 

 and all for what ? 



Well, what then ? Before Washington left the 

 presidency, he earnestly recommended Congress to 

 establish a Board of Agriculture, or to take some 

 other measures to foster that peaceful but leading 

 and important interest. They have been since re- 

 peatedly urged to lend the strong arm of government 

 to the elevation and encouragement of that neglected 

 calling. What have they done ? Nothing. Mil- 

 lions and millions have been expended to learn young 

 men how to tight; not the "first red cent" to teach 

 them the noble, bread-giving, world-sustaining ser- 

 vice and art of agriculture ! — Maine Farmer. 



SAGACITY OF A GREYHOUND AND 

 POINTER. 



A gentleman in the county of Sterling kept a 

 greyhound and a pointer, and being fond of coursing, 

 the pointer was accustomed to find the hares, and 

 the greyhound to catch them. When the season was 

 over, it was found that the dogs were in the habit 

 of going out by themselves, and killing the hares for 

 their own amusement. To prevent this, a large iron 

 ring was fastened to the pointer's neck by a leather 

 collar, and hung down, so as to prevent the dog from 



