NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



21 



" 



reslifiicd in water; and jJUt thorn in a pot with 

 is quarts water. Boil nioxa near three hours, 

 ■r ratlier ste-^v till tender. Add 1-4 lb. carrots 

 ir parsnips, and 1-2 lb. turnips, all sliced small, 

 iometimes instead of them a tew potatoes sliced ; 

 ilso add some greens, cabbage, cellery, spinach, 

 )arsley, and two ounces onions or leeks. Thick- 

 •n with a pint of oat meal, (or a quart to make 

 t very thick.) Boil it well together, and sea- 

 on with pepper or ground ginger and salt. It 

 vill serve a i'uniily ni' six for a day. Or it may 

 le thickened with any kind of meal, or barley, 

 leas, beans or rice. 



V. Take 4 lbs. beef, onions 3-4 lb. turnips 2 

 bs. rice 1 1-2 lbs. parsley, savory, thyme, of 

 ;ach a large handful, pepper and salt ; water 

 17 quarts. Cut the beef into slices, and after 

 spiling it some time, mince it small. The tur- 

 lips and onions infused, and sweet herbs may be 

 minced before they go to the pot. Boil the 

 (vhole gci'tlji together about three hours on a 

 ■hxv tire. Scarcely two quarts will be wasted 

 n boiling. The rest will serve 18 person* for 

 3ne meal. Cost 2 cents each. 



Where fuel is scarce, the materials in the 

 three above receipts may be stewed in a pot, all 

 oight, in an ov en, and will next day require but 

 1 quarter hour boiling. 



VI. Bake in an earthen pot, a shank of beef, 

 n six quarts of water, with a pint of peas, a 

 ieek, and lour or five turnips sliced. 



COW. 



The principal distinguishing marks of a good 

 Dow are said to be these : wide horns, a thin 

 lead and neck, dew lap large, full breast, broad 

 Jack, large deep belly ; the udder capacious 

 Jut not too fleshy ; the milch veins prominent, 

 md the bag tending far behind ; teats long and 

 arge ; buttocks broad and fleshy ; tail long, 

 )liable and small in proportion to the size of 

 :he carcase, and lh€ joints short. To these out- 

 ^•ard marks may be added a gentle disposition, 

 I temper free from any vicious tricks, and per- 

 fectly manageable on every occasion. On the 

 jther hand, a cow with a thick head and short 

 leck, prominent back bone, slender chest, belly 

 racked up, small udder or a fleshy bag, short 

 teats, and thin buttocks is to be avoided, as lo- 

 cally until for the purposes either of the dairy, 

 the suckler or the grazier. 



The milch cow is generally in her prime at 

 five years old, and will continue in a good milk- 

 ing state till ten years of age or upwards. Cows 

 should be milked regularly, morning and even- 

 ing, and always as nearly at the same hours as 

 may be. Some have recommended milking 

 them three times a day, at live, one and eight ; 

 and it is said if they arc full fed they will give 

 half as much again milk if milked thrice as if 

 only twice a day. Those farmers who would 

 make the most of their cows should provide a 

 bull to run in the herd. 



ON STALL FEEDING. 

 " Stall feeding of bullocks with potatoes, giv- 

 en in different states of preparation, has been 

 for some time extensively practised in Sussex, 

 and is much approved of by many. They there 

 find that a beast of from one hundred and forty 

 to one hundred and sixty stone* weight cats 

 from one to two bushels of the roots in the 

 course of the day, but consumes but little hay, 

 or not much more than ten or twelve pounds in 



that space of time." " .\nd a careful expcn- 

 inenter, >vho was largely in the )>ractitc of fat- 

 tening oxen wilh them, it is said, gave them 

 up — from the conviction that with every ad- 

 vantage of breed, attention, warmth, and clean- 

 liness in regard to the animals, they would not 

 pay more than four pence the bushel.'" 



" Further, the Swedish turnip when it is cul- 

 tivated in a proper manner, is a most valuable 

 root, when used with this intention." — " In some 

 trials which we have lately attended to, it was 

 foinul to have the advantage, nearly in the pro- 

 portion of one fourth; and in other experiments, 

 it is said to have gone still farther in this use." 



" And the proportion in which they are con- 

 sumed by the fattening stock, has been found to 

 be something more than a third of the weight 

 of the cattle" by some ; but by others, about a 

 third in the day, as stated in the Gentleman Far- 

 mer. However, in other experiments carefully 

 made, an ox of from seventy to eighty stone has 

 been ascertained to eat something less than 

 three hundred weight in the course of a day, 

 besides chaff and hay ; and small cows of about 

 thirty stone, one hundred weight and three 

 quarters in the same time. And in the Rev. Mr. 

 Close's trials it was found, that when consumed 

 in stalls and sheds, an acre of^ooi^ turnips, will 

 completely winter fat an ox of fifty score ;" — 



"When this root in given in the stall, from 

 its very succulent nature, it becomes necessary 

 to employ as much' dry food as possible during 

 the use of it, in order to the expeditious fatten- 

 ing of the cattle by such means." 



Rees^ Cijdopitdia. 



Cud fast by an ox or cow, — remedy for. 



Mix together an equal quantity of sour leaven 

 and common salt, then add a piece of loam or 

 brick clay, equal in weight to the whole : break 

 and mix all these well together, and then add 

 as much urine as will serve to beat it up into a 

 paste. Make this into two or three balls as big 

 as the creature can swallow, force one of these 

 down his throat every tliree days and it is said 

 it will effect a cure. 



Receipt for American Tokay. 



A barrel of good new cider from the press 

 Let it ferment, carefully brushing off the froth, 

 as it comes out of the "bung-hole. When the 

 fermentation ceases, draw it off and add as much 

 honey as will give it strength enough to bear 

 an egg ; return it to the barrel which should be 

 washed clean. It will now undergo a second 

 fermentation, which must be treated as the first, 

 and when that ceases, add half a gill of French 

 or peach brandy, for every gallon. Bung it 

 tight and so let it remain until the March fol- 

 lowing, when in a calm, clear and dry day, it 

 should be bottled. — Jlmcr. Farmer. 



* Meaning probably tight pounds to the stone. 



MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL REPOSITORY AND 

 JOURNAL, FOR JUNE. 



(Continued from p. 11.) 



Tlie next article to those which we have before re- 

 marked upon, has the signature, " ^ Roxbury Farmer,'''' 

 and is entitled " A comparison of ttie present with some 

 past seasons." This article we have given at large in 

 the 1st No. p. 2. It appears to be one of a series of 

 similar notices which have for a number of years been 

 published by the same author. Such a Kalendar, reg- 

 ularly kept from year to year, cannot fail of proving of 

 great importance, " if cultivators, instead of consulting 

 the almanack will attend to the indications of nature." 



Dr. j)'_anc, in hi^< /'ui'/nirV JJictionuri/, cbservcdj 

 " That great naturalist Linnicu?, did not approve cT 

 farmer's confining themselves to certain set days, c-r 

 weeks, for committing their seeds to the earth. 'J'hc- 

 seasons are much forwarder in some years than in otli- 

 ers ; therefore, he, who thus governs himself, will as- 

 suredly sow his annual seeds sometimes too early and 

 sometimes too late. 



" That a better practice might be introduced, he re- 

 commended it to his countrymen to take notice at what 

 time the trees unfolded their leaves, tc. 



" In order to reduce to practice so ingenious a hint, 

 an account should be made out of the first leafing, and 

 I may add the blossoming of a variety of trees and 

 shrubs. I suppose trees and slirubs to be most suitable 

 for this purpose, as they are more deeply rooted, and 

 therefore more steady and uniform in their appearan- 

 ces, than any plants which are perennial only in their 

 roots. They are especinUy much more so than annuals. 

 " It is certain that such an account taken in one 

 place will not answer alike for every part of the coun- 

 try ; because the vegetation m every part is not equal- 

 ly forward. Therefore, I would earnestly recommend, 

 that in each degree of latitude, throughout New Erg- 

 land at least, some attentive naturalist would make a 

 list of a considerable number of trees and shrubs, which 

 are near at hand ; carefully watch their appearances, 

 and minute the times of the first opening of their kaves, 

 and also of their blossoming. By comparing the ac- 

 counts, the absurdity will immediately appear, of sow- 

 ing the same kinds of seeds at the same time of the 

 month or year, in the 42d, 43d, 44th and 45th degrees 

 of latitude. 



" When these accounts are obtained, let trials be 

 made by sowing a certain kind of seed before, at, and 

 after the foliation, or the flowering of some particular 

 plant, and the produce compared. Let accurate ex- 

 periments of this kind be yearly repeated, with all the 

 most useful spring plants ; by this, in a few years, com- 

 plete kalendars may be obtained for every degree of 

 latitude in this country. The consequence will be that 

 the farmer will be able to read the true times of sowing 

 by casting his eye upon the trees and shrubs that are 

 about him. We have already such a rule as this with 

 respect to Indian corn ; but it perhaps ought to under- 

 go a further examination. 



" But such rules, after all that can be done, ought 

 not to govern us invariably. The right times of seed- 

 ing admit of some latitude, on account of the degree of 

 dryness of the soil, and of its exposure to the solar 

 warmth. Land should have the right degree of mois- 

 ture when seeds are sown on it ; and a southern expo- 

 sure will afford an earlier vegetation than a northern." 

 The statements and views of .4 Roxbury Farmer, 

 are ably corroborated by the writer of the next article, 

 who uses the signature " Indicator." This gentle- 

 man remarks that 



" If each former or gardener will make his 

 own observations within his own grounds, and 

 always upon the same plants, while in health, 

 and under the same degree of cultivation ; and 

 make his notes with care when the state of the 

 blossom is at the same stage of forwardness, 

 there can be no doubt of its correctness. Let 

 him take his own asparagus bed as an index of 

 the warmth of the ground in the early part of 

 May, and he can judge with great correctness, 

 provided the asparagus bed be always forked 

 and dressed on the same day, or nearly, in the 

 month of April, and with the same quantity and 

 quality of manure : for on this plant the warmth 

 of the soil acts immediately on the root alone, 

 and therefore there can be no better guide ibi 



