NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



31 



loss of liiat iVoin cold air coming in contact with its 

 iuternal surl'acc. 



When a boiler of this kind is constructed on a large 

 scale, the Count mentions that the seven descending 

 lubes may be made of cast iron, and the rest of the 

 boiler sheet iron, or copper; and thinks that when of 

 this construction, it will cost less than one of equal 

 surface of the usual form. 



A Mr. Lloyd obtained a patent in England for a 

 boiler, which is described in substance as follows : 



Tlie bottom of Mr. Lloyd's boiler is introverted, so 

 as to form a cavity which would nearly hold as much 

 as the boiler itself, if it were reversed ; the sides of this 

 cavity are somewhat conical, and from the top a pipe 

 passes out at one side through the cavity of the boiler 

 to the air ; the whole boiler or kettle is surrounded by 

 an external case, a Tittle distant from it all round, clos- 

 ed at top, and having a small opening at the side to 

 give vent to the smoke. The small pipe adds some- 

 what to the effect, but is not absolutely necessary. 

 For large boilers the cavity at the bottom need not be 

 90 large in proportion as that described. If it rises 

 into the boiler a third of its depth, it will probably be 

 sufficient. The flame and radiant heat of the fuel is 

 reverberated in all directions in the cavity of the hol- 

 low bottom, and must (says the inventor) have much 

 more effect than what can be produced by its uncon- 

 fmed lateral action against the external sides of a num- 

 ber of upright tubes, however well arranged. 



A patent for " a new method of applying fu'e for the 

 purpose of heating boilers,'" Szc. obtained in England 

 by Mr. Thomas Rowntree, has the following descrip- 

 tion : 



" For heating of coppers, boilers, furnaces, ovens, 

 and stoves, my fire place is much smaller tlian hereto- 

 fore made use of for the same sized copper, boiler, fur- 

 nace, oven or stove. Instead of placijig my fire-place, 

 according to the common practice, immediately under 

 the boiler, or other vessel, I place it at the front side 

 Dr end, as I see most convenient, in such a manner as 

 lo oblige the flame to rise in the front-side or end, and 

 pass all round the vessel, &c. while at the same time 

 It strikes the bottojn of the vessel, &c. without suffer- 

 ing the flame to pass off in a flue, or flues, .as it usually 

 loes in the common way, and by that means sending 

 -he heat into the flues, instead of its being used where 

 t ought to be, namely, on the vessels, Sic. ; this my 

 Tiethod effectually prevents; for. by means of a small 

 jcrpendicular, or other opening into a box or trap, 

 which I call a reservoir, and which I place horizontally 

 ^|)r diagonally, as the situation may require, and is 

 inade of iron, brick, stone, or any otiier material capa- 

 jle of bearing heat, where a valve is placed, riding on 

 centres or otherwise, and standing in a diagonal or oth- 

 .^ T direciion, as is found most convenient, the flame is 

 returned or impeded in its progress to the chimney, and 

 nade to descend below the bottom of the vessel, and 

 )ass out at the bottom, top, or side of said box, trap or 

 escrvoir, into the common chimney. This reservoir is 

 " )!aced between the vessel, &c. and the chimney. To 

 he opening which admits the flame into the reservoir, 

 .re affixed, when necessary, sliders, registers or stops, 

 rhich serve to increase or diminish the heat. The 

 'alvc in the reservoir is for the same purpose in anoth- 

 I r degree, wliich more immediately appertains to in- 

 Ireasing or diminishing the draught, which it does by 

 lioving the said valve into different positions, as the 

 ^ Ipeed of the operation may require.'"* 

 if The above described boilers, and method of applying 

 eat to them, or something like them, may perhaps be 



found expedient for farmeis, who perform their opera- 

 tions on a large scale. But for common use we believe 

 a five pail kettle so called set in the common way and 

 filled about half full of water, would fully answer the 

 purpose. Steam at the temperature of boiling water, 

 Mr. Smith thinks is best adapted to the purpose of 

 steamhig roots and other food for cattle. At this tem- 

 perature, steam occupies about 1200 times the space of 

 water ; or one gallon of water reduced to steam of the 

 same temperature with boiling water, will furnish 1200 

 gallons of steam. It is true that steam when it first 

 begins to operate on roots and other cold raw substan- 

 ces must be somewhat rapidly condensed. But if the 

 apparatus is tight, or if even a coarse thick cloth is 

 thrown over the vessel in which the food is steamed, 

 as recommended by the Complete Grazier, the whole 

 %vill speedily become so much heated that the steam 

 will be but slowly condensed, and of course the supply 

 from the boiler need not be very copious. V>'e cannot, 

 therefore, see for what purpose connected with the 

 steaming of any reasonable quantity of dry food for 

 cattle, a boiler of 100 gallons capacity should be need- 

 ed. In preparing liquid messes for cows giving milk, 

 &c. by the agency of steam, its expenditure will be 

 great, in consequence of its being condensed by contact 

 with cold water. But that steam may be made a vehi- 

 cle for conveying heat with very little waste by evapo- 

 ration, has been proved by actual experiments. We 

 shall cite one in this place. A letter from Mr. Robert- 

 son Buchanan, Civil Engineer, Glasgow, is published 

 in Tilloch's Philosophical Magazine, vol. xxxviii, p. 7G, 

 from which the following is extracted. " A place of 

 worship has been for a considerable time heated by 

 steam on a most simple plan, so as to require little or 

 no attendance, and docs not require any icater wkiiltver 

 to be added lo ihat first put into the boiltr, above thrice 

 in a winter.'''' We believe in this case the furnace and 

 boiler were placed without the building which was 

 heated by the steam, and the steam was conveyed by 

 suitable tubes from the boiler into metallic vessels or 

 reservoirs placed in the apartment which was warmed 

 by its agency ; and the tubes and resei'A'oirs were so 

 arranged that when any part of the steam became con- 

 densed it ran back into the boiler. 



(^Concluded in our next.") 



. Fur farther explanation of this method, see U'il- 

 j) cft'i Domestic Enci/cloiicdia, Art. Boiler ; lil.cuu', 

 iepcrluri/ of ^irls, ml. rii; p. 1. First Series. 



SU.MMARY OF CVRRE.VT EFE.VTS. 



A late arrival from Gibraltar has brought intelligence 

 from Spain to the 11th of Jujy. B}' this it should seem 

 that things in that quarter wear a very menacing as- 

 pect. The population is divided into three parlies, 

 viz. The advocates for unnu*xed democracy — the stick- 

 lers for the old order of things, an absolute monarchy — 

 and those who are friends to the present constitution, 

 or a limited monarchy. On the return of the King 

 from adjourning the Cortes, his carriage, was beset by 

 riotous assemblages, and his guards, bting pelted with 

 stones, fired on the assailants and compelled them to 

 disperse. 



The next day (.Inly 1st) sanguinary scenes were an- 

 ticipated, but nothing realized worse than menacing 

 words and movements. But during the night four reg- 

 iments of guards left their barracks, and encamped a 

 league to the northward of Madrid. Many of their of- 

 ficers, and some privates, however, refused to accom- 

 pany them, and joined a guard left in the Palace, The 

 seceders, amounting it is said to about 4000, appointed 

 a Frenchman (whose name is not mentioned) leader, 

 and took the road to the French frontiers, avowing 

 themselves to be friends to absolute monarchy. They 

 were followed by Gen. Morillo, an officer faithful to 

 the constitution and existing form of government, who 

 attempted to persuade them to return to Madrid to 

 protect the King, and perform their other incumbent 

 duties. This they refused to do, and in their turn at- 

 tempted, in vain, to seduce him from his allegiance. 



The King remained at Madrid, to which tranquillity 

 had been restored. He is considered as Uie Icaijtr of 



the Constitutionalists, and has been called upon to put 

 himself at the head of the militia and march against 

 the guards. This step, which would be the commenci - 

 ment of a civil war, he does not appear to be prepared 

 to take. 



The following (says the Centinel) is an extract of a 

 letter from a well-informed American gentleman in 

 Gibraltar: — '■ Gibraltar, .lalt/ '\\. We have very se- 

 rious accounts from Madrid. The Anti-conslitutioii;tl 

 party are taking measures lo reinstate the old order of 

 things — an unlimited monarchy, privileged clergy, tc. 

 The country is in a stati- of anxious disquietude, and 

 much blood is about to be shed in civil strifi', Spain 

 is in a wretchedly forlorn condition, and her capilalists 

 an- getting their jiropevty out of ji iipardy. Nearly a 

 aiillion of dollars have been remitted to this place within, 

 afortniffhl.''' 



An article from Curacoa, by the way of Norfolk, 

 states that Gen. Bolivar had fought a battle with the 

 Spanish General Cruz Mourgeon, on the borders of 

 Upper Peru, which lasted all the day, and that Boli\ar 

 was compelled to retrt at the next morning. The for- 

 ces were stated to have been GOOO on each side ; that 

 the patriots lost half their army and one g( neral ; and 

 that the loss of the Spaniards had been uncojnmonly 

 severe. 



Complaints (says the Palladium,) are loud in Eng- 

 land against the Bank, for not adopting some plan to 

 render the counterfeiting of their bills more dilficuU, 

 and the impositions and executions Itss frtquent. Mr. 

 Perkins' mode has been adopted by most of the private 

 Banks in England, and by the new Bank in Portugal. 



A battle is said to have taken place between the 

 Turks and Saliots, which lasted three days, in which 

 the Turks were deft ated with the lo->s of COO men tak- 

 en, including fifty eminent Turks. 



There seems to be no prospect of war between Rus- 

 sia and Turkey. On the contrary, a Vienna Gazette 

 says, " We expect a declaration from the Emperor of 

 Russia, by which he will detach himself from the 

 Greek cause." 



In France there have lately been' some attempts to 

 organize insurrections against the existing government. 

 It does not appear, however, that they were successful. 



A public dinner has been given at the city of London 

 Tavern, to Don Francisco Zea, Vice President and 

 Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Colombia. 



The wheat harvest had commenced in England, 

 previous to the date of the last intelligence, and is 

 said to be very productive. 



A great part of a late No. of the " Farmers' Journal, 

 (an agricultural newspaper printed in London) is filled 

 with details of Irish distress. A writer upon that sub- 

 ject observes that ^^ beyond all doubt government will 

 have to support the entire population of Ireland, before 

 twelve months elapse, if it persist in refusing to allow 

 a sufficient supply of legal tenders. 



The author of Waverley is engaged in writing a 

 ncM' novel, to be called " Peveril of the Peake." It 

 will he publislied in the antumn. 



.M.iKRL/lGES. 



In this city, Mr. George Bell, to Miss Mary Gardner. 

 In .Mantanzas, Mr. Michael S. Tracy, formerly Of 

 this city, to Miss Louisa Andrea, of M. 



DE.1THS. 



In this city, Mrs. Therese Kenny, wife of Mr. Asa 

 K. 47. — Mrs. Mary Forsaine, wife of Mr. Nath'l F. 4h. 

 .Mr. William Todd, 75. — Mr. .lames Ft nno, 62.— Char- 

 lotte H. daughter of Capt. Pardon Gifford, 15 months, 

 killed by falling from a chamber window. — Mrs. Sarah 

 L. Draper, wife of Mr. Edw.ard D. C7. — Widow Lydia 

 King, 77. — iMrs. Rachel, wife of Mr. Selim Hayden...— 

 \A"idow Lydia Hunt, 69. — Mr. Horace Fairbanks, 27. — 

 Emily, daughter of Mr. David A\ hiting, 2 yrs. S mo. 



In Taunton, Miss .Augusta Thomas, 19, daughter of 

 the late Mr. Isaiah T. .Ir, of this city. 



In Mantanzas, Mr. Worham Pritst, of Boston. 



Deaths in N. Y. last week, 102— In Philadelphia 51, 



