NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



63 



natter colored with charcoal.* " If a quantity of sta- 

 )le dung be piled iu a heap, and freely exposed to al! 

 he varieties of weather, it soon heats and emits a con- 

 tant stream of vapor. As the passes are escaping it it 

 onstantly diminishing in weight and volume ; and by 

 iie end of six months, if there has been alternate mois- 

 ure and warmth, not above a fourth part of the origin- 

 J bulk remains to be spread on the field ; and this i; 

 Jways a blackish earth, mostly of carbonaceous mat 

 er. All the other ingredients consisting of the hydro 

 ;en, and azote, with part of the carbon in the form o 

 arbonic acid, are partly sunk in the soil, and partl\ 

 )lended with the atmosphere. 1 admit the latter an 

 lot lost in the general system of the universe : but 

 arried with the winds, they combine anew with some 

 iving vegetable, or enter into some equally useful 

 ompaund ; but lost they are to the farmer beyond all 

 ecal. They may enrich his neighbor's crop, or be 

 jted and entangled in the luxuriance of the forest, but 

 hey can never reward his labor, nor impart plenty to 

 is harvests. The nutritive juices m.iy have passed 

 lownward, and fertilized the spot which it covered, 

 ■ut the substance is evaporated, and as completely 

 one, as if it had been consumed by fire."t 



There can be no doubt but vegetable manure, as 

 >ng as it remains unaltered in its texture, and withoni 

 volving any of the products of putrefaction can have 



other than a mere mechanical effect in making the 

 )il lie loose, which, in dry weather, will prove rather 

 ijurious than otherwise. But if the putrefactive pro- 

 Bss is carried on, after the manure is spread, and cov- 

 ■cd in the field, its volatile products, before mention- 

 1, will be imbibed by the soil, and yielded as they 

 ay be wanted by grow ing vegetables. 



We know hov/evcr, that some kinds of earth retard, 

 id others put an entire stop to putrefaction. A very 

 et, or a very dry soil will prevent wood, straw, &c. 

 om rotting. Some sorts of earth will turn vegetables 

 to peat ; and some will preserve even animal remains 

 r centuries, as entire as Egyptian mummies. That 

 ood will rot much quicker in some than in other 

 •ounds, on the same farm, is a fact known to every 

 jserving husbandman, who has ever made much use 

 'what is called post-and-rail-fence. Is it not then 

 ;ry possible that the difference among agriculturists 

 lative to long and short manure may have been caus- 



1 by the different qualities of the soils to which their 

 jplications have been made ? Perhaps the field, to 

 hich the conductor of the Farmer's Magazine applied 

 dung and litter, which had been turned down fresh 

 I the furrow, and appeared the next spring without 

 ly visible change" might have possessed some chemi- 

 U qualities — some salts or acids which prevented (he 

 lanure from rotting, and preserved it as it were in a 

 ind of pickle for the behoof of posterity. Pure sand 

 ill preserve carrots, beets, kc. which are buried in 

 , much better than loam ; and we have doubts whe- 

 ler fresh manure would undergo much alteration if 

 jried in sand, not mixed with other substances.— 

 here can be no doubt but that suffering manure to lie 

 U it looses any considerable part of its weight, before 



is used, is not the way to make the most of it. On 

 le other hand, it will, probably, be best to permit it 

 1 lie in masses, under cover as much as possible, till it 

 3Come9 tainted, or fermentation has commenced, he- 

 re it is spread and ploughed into the soil. 



THE NATURE OF THE CROP. 



In the choice and application of long or short ma- 

 ire, a suitable regard should be had to the nature ol 

 i6 crop, which immediately succeeds such applica- 



* JigricuUura] Chtmistrt/. 

 f Letters o/^gricola. 



'ion. If used for crops of wheat, rye, flax, or in short 

 .uiy crops which cannot well be weeded, it should be 

 :>ld, well rotted, and at least have undergone so great 

 a degree of fermentation as will have destroyed the 

 si-rds of gras.s, weeds, izc. which generally abound in 

 •Vesh barn yard manure. Likewise when used for car- 

 ets, ruta baga, parsnips, and indeed all root crops, ex- 

 -:ept potatoes, it should be fine, well rotted, or mixed 

 in composts, which are so well pulverised as to pre- 

 sent no mechanical obstacles, such as sticks, straws, or 

 lumps of earth to the growth and extension of the 

 roots. For Indian corn or potatoes however, it may be 

 fresh, and if well covered in the soil, its being coarse 

 and mixed with weeds, straw, &c. will not prevent its 

 proving useful. It may be, however, that the soil will 

 cause it to dry-rot like that mentioned by Judge Pe- 

 ters, or it w ill not rot at all like that of the conductor 

 of the Fanner's Magazine. In such cases, it might not 

 be amiss to try the virtue of a little quick lime. This 

 substance, however, should not be applied directly to 

 I lie manure, lest the latter be destroyed by the corro- 

 sive quality of the former. The quick lime should be 

 applied directly to the soil itself some time before the 

 application of the manure, in order to neutralize any 

 acid which may be unfriendly to vegetation, or have a 

 tendency to prevent the decomposition of the manure. 



(to BE CONTINUEU.) 



CATTLE SHOWS, &c. 

 The Cattle Show and Fjshibition of Manufactures of 

 the Middlesex Husbandmen and .Manufacturers, will 

 be holden at Concord, Mass. on the 3d of Oct. next. — 

 The Hartford, Con. Cattle Show, on the 9th and 10th 

 of October. — The Agricultural Pociely of Maine, will 

 bold their annual Show and Fair, on the 0th of Oct. at 

 Hallowell. — That of the Rhode Island Society for thi 

 • ■ncouragemeiit of Domestic Industry, at Pautuxet, on 

 the 16th and 17th of Oct. — The Hampshire, Hampden 

 and Franklin, at Northampton, Mass. on the 24tli and 

 25th of October.— and the Hillsborough, N. II. Cattle 

 Show and Fair, at Amherst, on the 24th and 25th of 

 the present month. 



Foreign. — On the 7th July the Ministers and Agents 

 of Russia, Austria, Prussia, France, Denmark, Saxony, 

 Portugal, and the Netherlands, all united in a Note to 

 the Spanish Ministers, in which they declare, in the 

 names of their respective Sovereigns, and in the most 

 formal manner, that " on the conduct which will be 

 observed towards his Catholic Majesty, irrevocably de- 

 pend the relations between Spain and the whole of 

 Europe, and that the least insult to the King's Majesty 

 would plunge the Peninsula into an abyss of calami- 

 ties." The British Minister did not join in this pe- 

 remptory note, but sent a special one, the contents of 

 which are not given. — C'enlinel. 



The war between the Greeks and Turks still rages 

 with unabated fury. The Greeks have lately blown 

 up a Turkish ship, by the means of a fire ship intended 

 for the destruction of two of the principal vessels of the 

 Turkish fleet. The vessel which was thus destroyed 

 carried SO guns, and had a crew of 1700 men, of which 

 about 300 only were saved, the rest having been blown 

 to atoms with the ship. 



A dispute between Spain and .Algiers on the subject 

 of tribute thrwtens to terminate in hostilities. 



A successor to Mr. Gallatin, at the Court of St. 

 Cloud, is daily more spoken of, since his speedy return 

 to .\merica has been positively announced. It is ru- 

 moured that the appolutmeLit will be offered to Secre- 

 tary Calhoun. 



Francis Dugan, one of the prisoners so desperately 

 wounded by Trask, in our jail, on the night of the 6th 

 inst. is dead of his wounds. Newman, the other per- 

 son who was wounded at the same time, it is supposed 

 cauoot recover. 



JV'Hfff/ fomi/a/.— Capt. Uourne, o! the brig llipjio- 

 menes, arrived at New York in 16 days from Curacea, 

 states that a brotlier-in-law of i)r. Quarker.boss, of 

 this city, nrrived at Ciiracoa on the 22d ult. in a schr. 

 from St. 'Ihomas, which place he left on the 15th of 

 August, under convoy of the IJ. S. ichooner Grampus. 

 '1 his gentleman informed, that the same evening he 

 sailed from ir"t. Thomas, (he Grampus was dogged sev- 

 eral hour.s by the privateer Panchclta, of Porto liico — 

 that in the morning the Giampus gave chase to the 

 piivateer, then under English colors, afterwards chang- 

 ed to Spanish. After bi ing liailed, and informed of 

 the character of the Cranjpus, the privateer fired a 

 broadside into her. The Grampus then sheared along- 

 side, and put a full broadside into the privateer, when 

 she immediately surrendereil, was boarded, and found 

 iu a sinking condition, with eleven men killed and 

 wounded. The Grampus towed her into St. Thomas 

 the same night. The Panchetta mounted 8 twelve 

 pounders and a long torn, and had 92 men. 



K. Y. Statesman. 



Khdion in If'crmont. — Although all tlie returns of 

 votes for Representatives to Congress had not been 

 published at the date of our last accounts from that 

 quarter, there is but little doubt but that Messrs. R. C. 

 .Mallary, Charles Rich, S. C. Crafts, D. Azro A. Buck, 

 and W. C. Bradley are elected. 



By the last accounts the Yellow Fever continues at 

 New York with unabated malignity. 



Boston Cotton. — Several beautiful Cotton Trees are 

 now ripening at Doct. Wakefield's, and at Mr. S. A. 

 Shed's, in Milk street. Some of the trees contain more 

 than a dozen pods, and are worth the attention of the- 

 curious to examine them. 



Mr. Ware, of Salem, has this year raised a watev 

 melon weighing over forty pounds, and several weigh- 

 ing from 30 to 40. 



Mr. Israel Putnam, of the sanie town, piclced an ap- 

 ple from his garden a few days since, which weighed 

 one pound Jiie and an half ounces .' 



Green Com in September. — Last Saturday, Indian 

 corn in the milk, raised from Alabama seed, by a per- 

 son in Cranston, was sold in our market at 20 cents a 

 dozen. On an ear of average size we counted 18 rows 

 and B46 kernels. Our gardeners will consult their in- 

 terest by the cultivation of this new variety, as it 

 comes in when peas, bean?, and the ordinary kinds of 

 corn are out of season. — Providence Journal. 



Worcester Canal. — We learn from a gentleman who 

 has been on the route now- under survey, that the whole 

 descent, from V\"orci ste r Great Pond to 'W'oonsoket 

 falls is found to be 450 feet. This is much more than 

 was anticipated, and must enhance, considerably, the 

 expense of the work. Anotlier circumstance, however, 

 appears very favourable. On the route, as far as it has 

 been surveyed, the excavation will be very easy, as but 

 little rock is found near the surface. — ibid, 



Jf'aler Spnuls on Lake Erie. — Yesterday about ten 

 o'clock, A. M. (says the Cleveland Herald of Aug. 22,) 

 while a cloud hung over the lake, apparently at the 

 distance of about ten miles, the people of this village 

 were entertained at the sight of several water-spouts, 

 which formed themselves, one after another, from the 

 lake to the cloud. They were four in number, of 

 different sizes, and a considerable dist.ance from tach 

 other. The cloud being high, and the spouts being 

 black and perpendicular, resembling huge pillars of 

 some mighty fabric, and occasionally changing in their 

 positions, presented a prospect both grand and beauti- 

 ful. They continued visible for some length of time, 

 and their disappearance was followed by the falling of 

 rain in torents on the lake, and a slight shower extend- 

 ing itself to this village. 



A gentleman in Perth, Scotland, has a hen which 



lately hatched 20 chickens out of 13 eggs ! 



WANTED IMMEDIATELY, 



AN active, intelligent Boy, 15 or 16 years of age, as 

 an Apprentice to the Printing business. Inquire 

 at the Farmer Office. Sept. 21. 



