NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



81, 



he spnns? ol liiil, 1 ploughed ihc g:ro\ind coarse- 

 y, and spread eighteen or twenty cart loads of 

 •,oar-<c manure, then harrowed, and then phnigh- 

 ;d the ground very tine, and on the 20lh of May 

 planted it m rows, the kernels about nine inches 

 ipart, and the same quantity of manure in the 

 rows as 1 spread, which was a composition ol' 

 horse, hog and door manure. The first and 

 third time of hoeing, 1 hoed without ploughing; 

 the second time I ploughed and took from the 

 talk all the suckers which came out next to the 

 oTound. The corn growing exceedingly rapid 

 1 Ibllowed cutting all the stalks which did not 

 set tor ears, and those w hich grew smutty. The 

 corn was a twelve rowed kind, which 1 have 

 raised a number of years, and more I'ovward than 

 niy neighbours generally, and 1 know of no im- 

 provement which I could make except in the 

 furrowing. This season 1 drew my plough but 

 one time in a row, the ground being stoney, and 

 putting the corn on top of the manure made the 

 row too high; whereas drawing it twice would 

 have made more room for the manure, and laid 

 the roots lower." 



Mr. John Dwinell, of Salem, Mass. gives the 

 following statement of his mode of raising a 

 largo crop of Carrots. 



"The land is situated in Salem, county of Es- 

 sex ; has been broken up about four years; was 

 planted the past year with onions, beets and car- 

 rot*, ten loads of mixed mussle bed, rotted pota- 

 toe tops and barn manure being put on; the soil 

 black and heavy. 



The present year eight loads of privy man- 

 ure, for one yoke of oxen, were put on, spread 

 in four hours, and sown with about one pound 

 of seed: 19th of April the lot was ploughed; 

 11th May, one day sowing; 1 1th and 12th June, 

 four days w eeding : 9th July, two days weeding ; 

 16th and 17th July, forking; and from 26th Oc- 

 tober, twelve days labour in digging, measuring, 

 weighing, kc. in all twenty-two days and four 

 hours labour. 



The quantity produced on the acre was five 

 hundred and twenty-eight bushels, which at for- 

 ty-seven bushels, (being very well cleaned) to 

 the ton, gave 1 1 ton, 4 cwt. 2 qr. 20 lb." 

 (to be contikced.) 



lind pul)lishcd, and after nearly despairing ol 

 linding any better or more short than the rules 

 laid down by the learned and ingenious James 

 Ferguson, I accidentally hit on the following ; 



Isl. Multiply the mean diameter by ilself, 



2d. Multiply the product by the lengih, 



;k1. Multiply that product by 34, 



1th. Strike olV four decimal points and you 

 have the true contents in gallons and decimal 

 parts of gallons. 



The excellence of this rule is, it avoids thf 

 tedious process of any long division, and does 

 not require one fourth part of the number of 

 figures as the shortest rule laid down by James 

 Ferguson, and it is equally correct in casks of 

 any propiu'tion. 



The dimensions should be exactly taken with 

 a scale that has the inches divided into tenths, 

 and the work will stand as follows : Suppose the 

 cask, Bung diameter, 28 inches. 



Head do. 20 



FOR THE KEW E^fCLASD FARMER. 



This is the season when farmers are gather- 

 ing in their produce and estimating the quanti- 

 ties. They may readily measure their grain by 

 the busiiel, and weigh their flax by the pound ; 

 but to ascertain the number of their gallons of 

 cider they will tir.d attended with difhculty. 



Some years ago 1 undertook to write a new 

 treatise of arithmetic, better adapted to the ca- 

 pacity of the learner and agricultural business 

 than any heretofore published ; in the compos- 

 ing of which 1 did not take any thing tor grant- 

 ed, but demonstrated and proved every rule that 

 I laid down. 



In gauging I found that all the rules that any 

 authors had laid down were either very erron- 

 eous, or required such a tedious calculation with 

 a vast number of figures as to be liable to error 

 and that their diagonal and gauging rods were at 

 best but a random way of guessing at the con- 

 tents of casks of different proportions. 



I tried various ways to raise a theorem more 

 simple, plain and correct than any that 1 could 



Length, 32 



2) 48 



24 mean dia. 

 24 



Multiply by length, 



Multiply by 



96 

 48 



576 

 32 



1152 



1728 



18432 

 34 



73728 

 5529G 



62,6688 



The true content is 62 gallons and , OBSS dec- 

 imal parts of another gallon. 



1 could readily give a demonstration of this 

 theorem on the principles of Euclid, but leave 

 that as an exercise for the students of mathema- 

 ticks, perhaps if they do not immediately hit on 

 this theorem, they may some other. 



This concise rule makes the small allowance 

 that James Ferguson recommended for the 

 spheroidical figure of casks, and if it deviates, it 

 gives a little too much by the inside of the casks 

 not being geometrically round. 



If there is any readier way to find the con- 

 tents of a cask, I believe 1 have it in a treatise 

 1 have written on a nci;> science, that 1 call Semi 

 Geometry, and which teaches how to project al- 

 most every thing necessary in country business, 

 with a plain scale of equal parts, and pair of 

 dividers, without any calculations by numbers. 

 1 carried it so far as to project extracting the 

 cube root aiul gauging casks, and finding their 

 ullage. 



To find the contents of a cask by semi geome- 

 try is a very handsome projection, but the fig- 

 ure cannot be intelligibly described in a newspa 

 per, without a large plate — yet, to such as are 

 well versed in Euclid 1 may render myself in- 

 telligible, for to such if they are expert with a 

 scale and dividers the contents of a cask, without 

 any calculation, may be projected into a paral- 

 lelogram, of equal contents superficial measure. 



That for a large cask, would ho extensive, and 

 may be reduced, although 231, the cubic inches 

 in a gallon, is an uncouth number to divide — it 

 will divide by 3 and 77 only; then suppose the 

 parallelogram, is i)rojected for 3 inches deep, we 

 liave 77 to divide again, that will divide by 7 

 and 11 only, then project the reduced parallelo- 

 gram to one of equal content 11 wide, then step 

 ofl" the gallons by 7. 



Semi Geometry is a science that all farmers 

 ought to learn, in order to he ready to lay out 

 an}' kind of farmers or mechanical business. 



In my treatise of arithmetic 1 taught decimals 

 with whole numbers from the first numeration 

 table, in order to suit the currency of the I'nit- 

 cd States. 1 taught that there was but simply 

 the ju'/if numbers in nature, that any thing fur- 

 ther than nine was but repetition, according to 

 place in the numeration table. That nine was 

 the Cro'^i-ii A'umhrr, and would prove any cal- 

 culation within the tour rules in whole numbers, 

 and taught how to prove them, as also if there 

 was an error in mu!tii)lication to shew whether 

 it was made in multiplying or adding, and if in 

 long division whether in multiplying or sub- 

 tracting. 



When I came to treat of interest, 1 disliked 

 very much any rules that 1 could find published 

 for calculating interest fer days or broken time, 

 as the work was too tedious and too much lost 

 in little fractional remainders to be correct. I 

 tried a variety of ways to form some better and 

 more exact rule that would not require so 

 many figures — until 1 discovered nine proportion- 

 ale Logarithms (and there is no more in nature) 

 that will shew the interest of any broken sum 

 of dollars and cents for any broken time or num- 

 ber of days, or at any rate per ceat — and bring 

 out the whole in one sum to the ten thousandth 

 part of a cent, with less figuring than any other 

 mode, and without any division, which 1 believe 

 the greatest of my discoveries. 



I shewed them at several of the banks that I 

 could calculate interest quicker and more cor- 

 rect than any clerks they had — but they spurn- 

 ed at such instruction. I then tried to sell my 

 copy right to several printers — they would not 

 buy it because they said it was not like Dil- 

 ■worths and other treatises. 1 told them if it was 

 like other treatises there would be no need for 

 them to buy it — and that if pef'ple would be 

 such slaves to custom as not to look at any thing 

 new, they never would advance in improve- 

 ment. 



At this advanced period of life I believe that 

 my labours for the benefit of the public must 

 die with me, except some few ideas that may 

 be retailed in newspapers. 



SAMUEL PRESTON. 



Stockport, Pa. Sept. 19, 1822. 



Camden, (N. J.) September 17. 

 We have seen a specimen of Cotton of a 

 strong and silky texture, raised in a garden of i\ 

 gentleman in Camden; most of the pods on the 

 stalks are likely to come to maturity, although 

 the seeds were planted quite late ia the spring. 

 Wc understand that the cotton has been pro- 

 nounced by a gentleman from Louisiana, equal 

 to that which grows in the southern States. — 

 Who knows but that the cultivation of cotton, 

 on particular species of soil in West Jersey, 

 may at some future period, become au object 

 worth the attention of the farmer 1 1 



