ns 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



in the niuldlc, to receive the urme and all the 

 wash of the sides, which will be thus kept thy 

 for the cattle. 



The wash and urine of the yard, mixed with 

 any kind of earth, or putrid straw, is excellent 

 manure ; yd how much do our farmers lose by 

 neglectinj^ these things ; — in fact, they do not 

 work it right. 



When I sue a firmer, often goin<r to the re- 

 tailer's store, with a bottle or jusr, lounncinij a- 

 bout a tavern, or wriiiio;lin!; about |)oliti(;s, or 

 quarrelling with and delamiiig his npi!^lib(nir"s 

 good name, I am certain such a man tlon not 



■uiork it right 



A PENNSYLVANIA FARMER. 



From the London Globe. 

 MOST IMPORT.l.XT DISCOVERY. 

 Six weeks since, application was made to a 

 l)erson for the loan of one hundred pounds to a 

 young chemist, who had a discovery he was too 

 poor to substantiate by experiment. The mon- 

 ey was obtained, and in a few days repaid by the 

 borrower, already raised to sudden affluence by 

 the private disposal of his invention : — It is a 

 new mode of tanning skins, combining such ra- 

 pidity and economy, as promise to the publirk 

 an immediate and immense advantage, liaiv 

 hides, hitherto lying twelve months in the tan pit, 

 and subjected to a process otherwise defective 

 and precarious, are noiv perfect leather Avithin 

 six weeks, and at less than half the expense. 

 The gentleman who bought the invention, is a 

 noted opposition member and contractor; and 

 from the terms of his stipulation, we may form 

 some judgment of the probable magnitude of the 

 results, ile has paid him 10 000/. down, he 

 has given obligatory deeds, securing him 5000/. 

 on the 1st. of January, 5000/. per annum for the 

 four years next succeeding and after^vards 11, 

 000/. a year for life! It is expected the price 

 ol a pair of boots will not exceed eight shillings, 

 and a corresponding fall will be produced in all 

 articles of leather manufacture. 



From the I'hiladilphia Union. 

 GAS FROM OIL. 



A company at Hoston has established works 

 for making gas, and obtained permission from 

 the city authorities to lay iron pipes from three 

 to four inches in diameter, in the streets, for 

 the purpose of supplying such parts of the town 

 as will receive a suflirient tpianlity of gas to in- 

 demnify the company for the expense. 



The gas projiosed to be used, is that obtained 

 from oil, which, it has recently been discovered, 

 is far preferable to that obtained from coal. — 

 The apparatus. Professor Silliman states, is 

 much less expensive — occupies much less space 

 — requires less skill and labour to manage it. 

 I ban the coal gas apparatus — is not so liable to 

 near and tear — and as there are no oft'cnsive 

 products to be removed, it may, on its present 

 improAcd construction, be introduceil into any 

 dwelling-house. All the costly and oflensivo op- 

 eration of purifying the gas by lime, &.c. is to- 

 tally avoideil when it is obtained I'rom oil. 



1 he material from it is produced, containing 

 no sulphur or other material, by which it can be 

 contaminated, there is no objection, on account 

 of a suffocating smell, to the use of oil gas in 

 close rooms; and. as it contains no unmixed hy- 

 drogen (which occasions the great heat of the 



coal gas,) there is no greater pro[iorl;onate 

 heat from the tlame, than from that of lamps or 

 candles. It does no in)ury to furniture, books, 

 plate, i)icturcs, &c. and contains nothmg which 

 can possibly injure the metal of which the con- 

 veyance pipes are made. 



AMERICAN' MANlFACTl'Rr.S. 



Messrs. Adams, Allen &. Co. have lately es- 

 tablished in the vicinity of Pittsburgh, a manu- 

 factory of cotton yarn and piece goods — the tirst 

 of the kind which has been established in Penn- 

 sylvania, west of the mountains. They have al- 

 ready put into operation upwards of 500 spindles 

 and eight [)0\vcr looms, and are now engaged in 

 constructing 1000 additional spindles, which will 

 be put in operation in the ensuing spring. — 

 These spindles will supply yarn for looms suffi- 

 cient to weave from 1500 to 2000 yards of piece 

 goods per day. At present, there are about 20 

 hands employed, jjrincipally females. The 

 \vhoIe machinery, which is of the latest and 

 most appoved kin<l, will be driven by a steam 

 engine of about thirty-tive horse power. — ibid. 



SQUIRRELS IN OHIO. 



A letter from the Ohio country, an extract 

 from which is published in the Woodstock, V't. 

 Observer, states that whole fields of corn from 

 G to 10 acres, are wholly destroved by grey 

 and black isquirrels — not an ear lel't. During a 

 squirrel hunt of about a week in the neighbor- 

 ing towns about Columbus, the (irst part of Oct. 

 nearly 20,000 were killed. Hundreds were 

 seen every day swimming the Great Miami, 

 Mad River, Scioto, and other streams. Chil- 

 dren from 6 to 10 years of age, would wade 

 into the shallow water, before the squirrels 

 reached the shore, and kill them with sticks. 

 Many of them are fat and line eating. We saw 

 many little boys and some men, with from ten 

 to thirty or forty on their backs. They seem 

 to be almost as destructive as the locusts for- 

 merly were in Egypt. It is supposed that they 

 are in pursuit of nuts, and attack corn-tields. 

 Notwithstanding the depredations of these ani- 

 mals, corn and oats in many parts of that coun- 

 try are only 12 1-2 cents per bushel; wheat, 

 by the quantity, iVom 25 to 37 1-2 cents per 

 bushel ; butter and cheese from 6 to 10 cents 

 per pound. 



The season has been very good in some parts 

 of the Ohio country, but in some parts of Penn- 

 sylvania, Virginia and Maryland, almost every 

 thing is destroyed by drought. 



THE FARMER. 



BOSTOS .—SATVRDAY, jVOf. 9, 1822. 



Longevity of the Clergi/ in the Old County of 

 Ilttinpshire. — The following passage of a letter 

 from the Rev. Enoch Hale, of Westhampton, is 

 inserted in the last North .Vmencan Review : 



"When 1 was ordained (in 1779) there were, 

 including myself, '.'i\ or 35 ministers in Hamp- 

 sh.re county. Of these nine are now living, and 

 I am the youngest of the nine. Two are above 

 75, and h.ive colleagues. Four perform the or- 

 dinary ministerial duties, two of them are above 

 70. One was dismissed and is about my age. 

 In 40 years, only one minister has died, within 

 the present limits ot Hampshire county, under 

 the .igo of 70. Of those who have died within 

 the limits of the old county, (a? it was in 1779,) 

 one was nearly 100, three about 90, one 89, eight 

 about 80, and eight about 70,"' — Hamji. Gazette. 



On Ike .Vttamorphusis and Manners of the Cock-chaffer 

 Fl)/, llie Scnraba-us Melolonlha, Lin. ; u-ilh Hinta 

 lending to lead towards some means of destroying it. 



PL.'VTE i. 





PLATE II. 



Plate I. is a representation of a full grown insecS 

 The small dots at the end of each of the vertebra or 

 joints, arc shining specks which are the air holes thro' 

 wliich it breathe?. 



No. 11. represents the same insect after it has chang- 

 ed to a fly or miller. 



The e^^s of this insect are deposited by the niotlier 

 in the ground, from each of which proceeds, after a 

 sliort time, a small whitish worm with six feet, that is 

 destined to lire in the earth under that form for the 

 space of four years, and there under°:o al! its changes, 

 until it iinally assumes its pupa form [form of a winged 

 insect] subsisting, during its abode in the earth, upon 

 the roots of trees and other plants that grow iu the 

 soil, committing ravages among these crops, on some 

 occasions, of the most deplorable kind. After it as- 

 sumes its winged state, it devours the leaves of trees 

 and other plants with an avidity not much less than 

 that of the locust ; so that in certain seasons, and in 

 particular districts, they become an oppressive scourge 

 tliat produces much misery among the people. I'or- 

 tunately their ravages are but temporary and local, 

 being moderated by circumstances iu nature with 

 which we are yet in a great measuri' unacquainted. 



.\s soon as the worm issues from the egg, it seizes 

 upon such roots as it finds nearest to it, and devours 

 them, living all the summer under the thin coat of 

 vegetable mould, near the surface ; but, as winter ap- 

 proaches, it descends deeper into the earth, and, pen- 

 etrating directly downwards, retires beyond the reach 

 of the frost, where it remains in an inactive state, and 

 without food, till tlie return of spring, when the warmth 

 of the season invites it to asc<nd and licgin its ravages 

 anew upon the roots that spread themselves through 

 ilie tender mould near the surface. Iu this manner it 

 proceeds for three or five successive seasons, changing 

 its skin at least once a year. It is not till the end o) 

 the (burth year that the larva are metamorphosed j foi 

 then, towards the end of autumn, they go deep into 

 the earth, sometimes six feet, and then spin themsclvef 

 a smooth case, in which, after quitting their last skii 

 they change into the pupa, or chrysalis. The pupf 

 remains under this form all winter, till the month o 

 February, when it comes oitt a perfect Scarabeus, soi 

 and white. It is not till the month of May, however 

 Ihat the parts become hardened, and they romc out o 

 the earth in the day time ; and thus we often find ir 



