NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



123 



the interest of the fiirmer, if this was not per- 

 mitted till the animal was three years old. 



Mr. Beatson, in a useful communication (o the 

 British Board of .'Vgricuilurc, observes, " that 

 the only reason he can assig-n why calf pens 

 should be within the cow-house is, that it saves 



little trouble to the dairy maid, by having a 

 shorter distance to carry the milk. In general, 

 however, it is a plan not to be recommended, 

 as every person, who has had any experience 

 among- cows must know how naturally and forc- 

 ibly a newly calved cow expresses her attach- 

 ment to her calf; with what care and anxiety, 

 if permitted, she licks it all over, and uses e\e- 

 ry exertion to protect it from injury ; how (he 

 tender calf clings to its affectionate mother, as 

 if sensible that to her alone it can trust for pro- 

 tection; and yet the poor helpless creature is 

 dragged away, and placed, perhaps, within its 

 mother's vie>v, or at least within her hearing, 

 as if on purpose to augment her sufferings. Its 

 doleful cries keep alive the pangs of the un- 

 happy cow ; she struggles to break the chain 

 that binds her fast, and seems restless and un- 

 easy whenever approached. In such a state of 

 agitation it is impossible she can ever feed well, 

 or give that quantity and qualify of milk she 

 would otherwise furnish. Where there are 

 njany cows kept, and perhaps several of them 

 lately calved, a single calf may keep them all 

 in this restless state ; to remedy which the best 

 way is to have the calves al such a distance, or 

 at least so thick a wall between thom that the 

 cows cannot hear their cries. The cow will 

 then soon forget her calf, and will both feed 

 and milk the better for it ; therefore they should 



be as near as may be without being liable to 

 the above objections. 



The principal thing to be observed in the 

 construction of calf [icns is the laying of the 

 floor. This should be made of lath or spars, 

 about two inches broad, laid at the distance of 

 an inch from each other upon joists, so as to 

 make the floor one, two or three feet from the 

 ground, as the situation will admit. This not 

 only keeps the calves quite dry, by allowing all 

 the moisture to pass immediately away, but ad- 

 mits fresh air below the bedding, and thereby 

 preventing that unwholesome disagreeable 

 smell too often found among calves. The 

 place below the floor should be frequently 

 denned, as well as the floor itself, whenever it 

 becomes wet or dirty ; but it is not right to al- 

 low the litter to increase to a great thickness, 

 otherwise the moisture will not so easily pass 

 through. Calf-pens are, however, too often 

 made without this sparred floor, and the fresh 

 litter is always laid on the old, till the calves 

 are removed, which is a slovenly practice, and 

 ■not by any means to be recommended. 

 - Dr. Willich's Domestic Encyclopedia states 

 that " in order to make calves fine and fat, the 

 best and most efficacious way is, to keep them 

 as clean as possible, by elevating the coops in 

 such a manner that the sun may not have too 

 great power over them, and to such a height 

 above the level of the ground that their urine 

 may puss off; by giving them fresh litter every 

 day, and by suspending over the coop a large 

 chalk stone so that they can easily lick it. Be- 

 sides this, it is usual to bleed them when they 

 are about a month old, and again juit before 

 they are slaughtered ; which practice contri- 

 butes in a considerable degree to the beauty 



and whiteness of the flesh, and is therefore 

 more frequently repeated by some persons ; 

 but this is not altogether necessary ; twice 

 lilrodiiig being fully sufficient for that purpose, 

 in the opinion of the most experienced breeders. 



A MMllOD OF M.tKING GOOD EUTTF.n. FRO.M THK. MII.K 

 OF COWS I'F.P OK TURNIPS. 



Let the vessels which receive the milk bo 

 kept constantly clean, and well scaltlpd with 

 boiling water. When the milk is brought into 

 the dairy, with every eight quarts mix one 

 quart of boiling water, and then put it u[) to 

 stand for cream. — Hunter's Georgical Essajs. 



A MKTIIOD OF PRF-Sr.RVING CREAM. 



Take twelve ounces of white sugar, and as 

 many grains of finely powdered magnesia, and 

 dissolve them in a small quantity of water, over 

 a moderate fire. After the solution has taken 

 place, twelve ounces of new cream should be 

 immediately added, and the whole uniformly 

 mixed, while hot. Let it then gradually cool, 

 and pour it into a bottle, which must be care- 

 fully corked. If kept in a cool place, and not 

 exposed to the air, it may be preserved in a 

 sweet state for several weeks and even months. 

 Domestic Encijclopcdia. 



now TO SAVE HORSES FROM BARNS ON FIRE. 



Horses are frequently burnt to death when 

 barns or stables are on fire, owing to the im- 

 possibility of leading or driving them out of the 

 building, while their eyes are dazzled by the 

 blaze. But we are assured that by simply cov- 

 eriu.g the'r eyes with a bag, a coat, or a pocket 

 handkerchief", they may be led out of danger 

 without trouble or difficulty. 



iMETHOD OF PRESERVING yOUNU PLANTATIONS OF 

 TREF.S FROM EEl.N'G INJURED BY HARES OR RAB- 



BnS EV WILLIAM PATTEXSON, ESQ. OF lEORDEN, 



KENT. 

 From tfit Transactions of the Society for the Fncoiir- 

 a»eincnt of Arts, fcc. 

 Hares, rabbits and rats, have a natural antipa- 

 th}' to tar; but tar, though fluid, contracts (when 

 exposed to the sun and air for some time) a 

 great dryness, and a very binding quality ; and, 

 if applied to trees in its natural state, will occa- 

 sion them to be bound. To remove this diffi- 

 culty, tar is of so strong a savour, that a small 

 quantify, mixed with other things, in their na- 

 ture loose and open, will give the whole mix- 

 ture such a degree of its own taste and smell, 

 as will prevent hares, &c. from touching what it 

 is applied to. 



Take any quantity of tar, and six or seven 

 times as much grease, stirring and mixing them 

 well together ; with this composition brush the 

 stems of young trees, as high as hares, i;c. 

 reach, and it will efi'ccfually prevent their be- 

 ing barked. I believe, if a plantation of ash 

 (which they are very fond of) were made in a 

 rabbit-warren, fiiis mixture would certainly pre- 

 serve it. These animals do great mischief a- 

 mongst flowering shrubs, and are particularly 

 fond of Spanish broom. Scorpion senna, and ev- 

 ergreen Cytisus. I have had those shrubs eaten 

 down to a stump ; but, as the mixture cannot 

 be conveniently applied to them, I have enclos- 

 ed their branches with new far twine, putting it 

 several times round the shrub, which has had 

 the desired effect. Tar twine, by being expos- 

 ed to the air and rain, will lose its smell, conss- 



(|Uontly must be removed as occasion requires; 

 buf the mixture is always to be preferred, 

 where it can be used. 



(t^Jjp-It is pi-ol)at)le tliat the abovcmcniioned composi- 

 tion would prcsiTve yonn» trees in nurseries from the 

 depredations of tlie fielil mouse, whicli nri' oflen fatal 

 to young fruit trees in many parts of tlie United S^tates. 



Ed. J^. E. Farmer. 



SCAB IN SIIEF.P. 



Everv part of a sheep's body is liable to be 

 attacked with this disease, which may be radi- 

 cally cured if attended to. It is more obstinate 

 on the Ii])S and nose, than any where else, be- 

 cause the animal rubs those parts while eating. 

 The cheapest and simplest remedy, is an oint- 

 ment composed of three parts of grease to one 

 of turpentine. 



FISH, FOOD FOR SIIEF.P. 



It is a fact, though not generally known, that 

 sheep will greedily eat any kind of salted fisji, 

 whether dry or pickled, although dry seem the 

 most suitable for tlirm; and it is found by ex- 

 perience that sheep that have as much fish as 

 they can oat are always healthy, have guod 

 lambs, and do not loose their wool ; and re- 

 quire much less other food. It is not expected 

 that farmers remote from the sea-shore can af- 

 ford their sheep as much fish as they would 

 eat; but, if they give them fish instead of giv- 

 ing them salt, they will find a great advantage 

 Smoked Alcwives and Herrings are most con- 

 venient for them ; larger fish should be cut or 

 broken in small pieces. The cheapest kinds of 

 fish, such as scale of all kinds, broken, refuse, 

 and even those that are partly damaged, if they 

 are only salt, will answer the purpose. 



It is generally the case with herring catch- 

 ers that they are obliged to cull out and throw 

 away great numbers, sometimes half they take, 

 because they are to bear inspection : such 

 might be salted and smoked or dried in the sun, 

 put up in dry casks, afforded at a low price — by 

 which means, thousands of barrels might be sa- 

 ved which are now suffered to rot on the shores. 



TO PRESERVE POTATOES WHICH ARE FROZEiV. 



Cover them, while frozen, with two or three 

 feet of sand or earth, and let them remain till 

 thawed. The watery part of the potatoe, when 

 converted into ice, occupying a larger space, 

 removes the solid parts to a greater distance from 

 each other, occasioning thereby a partial disor- 

 ganization which, like animal inflammation from 

 cold, will end in putrefaction, unless a low tem- 

 perature is maintained until the solids gradual- 

 ly regain their for.mer powers. — Farmer's Mag. 



(f^ They may be Uiawed in cold water, wliich will 

 take out the frost without injuring- the vegetables. 



Ed. JV. E. Farmer. 



Live constantly in the unshaken belief of the 

 overruling Providence of an infinitely wise and 

 good, as well as Almighty Being ; and prize his 

 tavor above all things. 



Accustom yourself to temperance, and be 

 master of your passions. 



Be not too much out of humor with the world, 

 but remember, it is a world of Cod's creating, 

 and however sadly it is marred by wickedness 

 and folly, yet you have found in it more com- 

 forts than calamities, more civilities than af- 

 fronts, more instances of kindness towards you 

 than cruelty. 



