NEW ENT5LAND FARMER. 



155 



11. Banks — The most appropriate ones for 

 jriculture, are those erected by the Spade. 



12. The Land and the Ocean — The value of 

 e first, much depends on the free use of the last. 

 1 J. The Matrons and Maidens of Confederated 

 iirrica — Our last toast, but the lirst objects of 

 1 r^teera and affection. 



Ail Address was given by Mr. Garnett, which 

 ; propose to republish in a future number. 



A v.riter in the American Farmer with the 

 nature " Hugh Hartshorn," says, " If not 

 ncrally known, it may be useful to mention a 

 ry easy and excellent method of making but- 

 r, in winter, or in cold weather, late in the 

 1. We began it last foil, and have practiced 

 since with uniform success. It consists sim- 

 Y in heating the cream, instead of souring it,in 

 e usual troublesome and tedious manner. The 

 eam, as it is skimmed, is put into a vessel, un- 

 eiiough is collected tor churning, and kept 

 any convenient place where it will not freeze. 

 is then poured into a copper or brass kettle 

 d hung over the fire until scalding hot, but is 

 t suffered to boil — it is then poured back again 

 ;o the cream pot, and left to stand till evening, 

 which time it ivill be nearly cool, rather 

 oler than new milk ; it is then churned, and 

 tb us, has never failed to produce good butter 

 a very short time ; and of abetter quality and 

 lor than when soured in the usual way- lo- 

 ed it is scarcely any more trouble to make 

 iter in this way in winter, than in the usual 

 )de in summer. Care, hov/ever, must be ta- 

 il that the (ire be not too strong, as, if the 

 sam should be in the least burnt, it will give 

 tter an unpleasant taste." 



rhe making of butter from scalded cream has long 

 ;n practiced in England. (See No. 2, page 12 of the 

 E. Farmer.) Mixing one quart of boiling water 

 ;h every eight quarts of milk, as recommended in 

 . Hunter's Georgical Essays, (see No. 16, page 123) 

 uld probably facilitate churning as well as deprive 

 '. milk of any disagreeable taste resulting from the 

 Its having been fed on turnips. But when brass or 

 tper vessels are used for scalding milk or cream, ca:e 

 lat be taken to keep them perfectly clean, and :iot 

 scald lour milk or cream in them, nor even to let" 

 ■eet milk or cream stand m them to cool, lesi the 

 uids become in some degree impregnated with ver- 

 jirease, which they acquire from the metal. Siceel 

 Ik or cream, while hoi will have no effect on brass or 

 pper, but when cool, will corrode [oxidize] those 

 !tals, and become more or less poisonous. Milk and 

 ;am when sour, either cold or hot, will corrode brass 

 copper vessels, and become more or less poisonous. — 

 Ed. A'. E. Farmer. 



From the Farmers' Weekly Messenger, 

 A WORD TO A THINKING F.IRMER. 



A common sap, wooden hooped cider barrel 



ists 83 cents, and bj' hooping it once, (which 



! .ill cost 40 cents) it will last four years; after 



I 'is it is generally unfit to put liquor in. A 



llhite oak, iron bound hogshead can be had new, 



("heart stuff, well painted, to hold about three 

 irrels and a half, for §5. — This will require to 

 J smeared over with some kind of refuse oil, 

 ith a little Spanish brown and lamp black in 

 ,once in three years, (which may be done at 

 •me leisure time, such as a rainy day,) and it 

 ill then last a man's life time. I am told that 

 lere are people in the state of Maine who 



have had casks of this description in their pos- 

 session, in constant use, for upwards of iifly 

 years, which now appear as good as new. — 

 Heart stuff barrels are to be found in every 

 part of our country from twenty to thirty years 

 old, which have never been painted at all. Is 

 it not truly surprising, when these facts are so 

 well known, that any farmer should purchase 

 sap barrels to put liquor in, at any price? From 

 the best information which I am able to get 1 

 believe it will be found that the expense ol 

 keeping casks to keep twenty barrels of cider in, 

 will be one year with another, reckoning every 

 expense, nearly as follows; 

 To keeping twenty barrels of cider in 



barrels with wooden hoops, $8,50 



To ditto ditto in heart stuff barrels with 



wood hoops and not painted, 4,50 



To ditto ditto in heart stuff barrels with 



iron hoops, painted, 3,00 



To ditto ditto with iron bound hogsheads, 



painted, 2,50 



When it is considered that cider is so much 

 better by being kept in hogsheads than in bar- 

 rels, it is evidently much cheaper to keep cider 

 in hogsheads than in sap barrels, at even a quar- 

 ter their present cost. 



It is true large timber is becoming an article 

 of so much importance that hogshead staves are 

 in many places very difficult to be got ; but 

 staves of heart stnff that will make casks which 

 will hold sixty gallons can be had almost any 

 where : and I should think that the most incred- 

 ulous person will find by inquiry that iron bound 

 casks with thick staves, to hold as much as he 

 can well get them, if they are kept well housed 

 and painted, will produce a clear saving of from 

 ttvo to four hundred per cent. Many of our 

 heart stuff casks are, however, very poor, owing 

 to the staves being so thin. The rum hogs- 

 heads we get of merchants are often risky to 

 purchase, as there are generally some sap staves 

 in most hogsheads, and they are often injured 

 by being strained at sea. If farmers can save 

 twenty or even ten per cent, in any branch of 

 husbandry, they ought to be attentive to it; for 

 in agriculture, as well as in religion, " he 

 that disregardeth small things shall fall btj little 

 and littl^.''' A. 



From tlie New York Statesman. 



THE TREADING MILL. 



We have visited this new, and we doubt not 

 powerful machine, in the reformation of vice, 

 and prevention as well as punishment of crime. 

 It is erected in a building provided for the pur- 

 pose, at the Penitentiary establishment, and con- 

 sists of two long wheels, turning like a squirrel's 

 rolling cage, only that the weight is applied out- 

 side instead of inside of the bar or steps. Each 

 wheel is long enough for sixteen persons to 

 stand upon it together, supported by a hand- 

 rail, shifting their feet with short and quick 

 steps, to prevent being without support bj' the 

 foothold rolling inwards from under them. A 

 screen separates the two wheels, each of which, 

 interlocked by ordinary machinery with each 

 other, is moved by the weight or specific grav- 

 ity of 16 persons, and the whole force applied, 

 in an adjoining apartment, to the movement of 

 two pair of mill-stones, which grind the usual 

 quantity produced by the amount of power. — 

 Each wheel is attended by thirty-two persons 

 (one by males and the other by females) one 



half of whom arc employed in exercise or labor, 

 while the others are at rest; at the sound of a 

 bell, striking about once each half minute, the 

 person at one end of the wheel stepping off, the 

 remainder moving down, and another stepping 

 on at the head. Thus each person is employed 

 cirrht hours a day, alternately in exercise and 

 rest, eight minutes at each interval, from eight 

 in the morning to four in the afteruoon. The 

 effect of this discipline, it is believed, will be 

 of the most salutary and une(]ui vocal nature. Al- 

 though the employment at first appears light 

 and easy, it is already found by experience, 

 probably from its unri'inittcd regularity, in itself 

 the dread of the idle and ])roiligate, to have a 

 serious and lasting effect on its subjects. Tiu? 

 itrisoners are daily coni]daining of indisposition 

 or fatigue, and taken from the wheels by direc- 

 tion of the physician. A register is kept of 

 their services ; and but very few, if any, it is 

 confidently expected, after being once di-charg- 

 ed from this cage, will merit a return to the 

 Treadins Mill 



A SHORT STORY, 



As told by Mr. Matthezcs, the Cuincdian. 

 " My friend and myself, when in Devonshire, 

 were visiting an acquaintance, who had a daugh- 

 ter not remarkable either for her wit, beaut}', 

 or accompl shments. She had passed the grand 

 climacteric, and was certainly on the wane ; 

 her heart had lost none of its susceptibility to 

 le grand passion. She had for ten years been 

 conspicuous for her dress, airs, and " beau- 

 catchers ;" but alas ! she had toiled all night at 

 balls, routs, and levees, but had caught no beau. 

 Being as vain as she was simple, we thought 

 her fair game for a quiz. Miss Lucretia Elvira, 

 said I, have you heard of the late act of parlia- 

 ment, by whijch all ladies with small mouths f-hall 

 be allowed to marrv two husbands ? " No, Sir, 

 said she, (SCREWING LP HER MOUTH IN- 

 TO A PUCKER)— what a curis law I" You 

 are wrong, Edward, said my friend to me ; those 

 ladies with large mouths are to be allowed two 

 husbands. " L.\W JIE 1" exclaimed she, (open- 

 ing her mouth as big as a bucket,) " what a 

 ctirri-ous law !" 



MISERIES OF EDITORS. 



The following catalogue of editorial grievan- 

 ces is from the new editor of the Nantucket In- 

 quirer : 



" We are often-times forced to unravel hiero- 

 glyphics, that would puzzle an Egyptian necro- 

 mancer; — to decypher cltirographij which is 

 more like crijptograj>hy, and resembles a Mosaic 

 MS. rather tlian any post-diluvian production ; 

 — to transpose the idioms of all languages into 

 that of our mother tongue, as well as we know 

 how ; — to affix punctuation to things that came 

 to us without point or character. We have prose 

 to translate, wherein the tirst letter of every 

 line is an obstinate Capital ; — and poetry to 

 measure and versify, in which the capitals stand 

 up in thick array, like scare-crows in a pea- 

 patch, or ' sheep's bones round a parsley bed.' " 



A man of an agreeable and merry disposition, 

 but verj' poor, finding one night, some tliieves 

 in his house, told them, without putting himself 

 in a passion, I cannot imagine what you expect 

 to find in my house in the night, when 1 can find 

 nothing in it in the day time. 



