NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



181 



-that is six months and fourteen days irom 



planting of the tree. Now, if this be an cx- 

 jrdinarv fact, may we not set down the 28tli 



of November as the best day in the year for 

 nfing cherry-trees ? The hole in which this 

 e-ivas planted, was digg-ed about eight inches 



p : and a stake firmly fixed near the middle 

 t. The tree was then bound to the stake, 80 

 that the roots were four inches shallower than 

 they stood where the tree grew originally. — 

 e earth was then thrown into the hole until 

 vas level with the surface of the ground and 

 mediately plentifully watered so as to carry 

 ■earth among the roots : and then while the 

 face was yet wet, about eight inches more 

 rth was added, which consequently covered 



body of the tree so much deeper than it 

 3w, yet leaving the roots not so deep as they 

 aw. Conjecture may he allowed to say, that 



" Let the proprietor-' of cattle renounce, for- 

 ever, the insane folly of olToring premiums for 

 specifics to cure incurable diseases ! and the 

 hope of providing medicines, which, by a mi- 

 raculous operation. Hill enable men to contin- 

 ue in the habit of exposing their animals to the 

 constant risque of such diseases : for example, 

 sheep in those situations, which nature has d 

 creed shall forever rot them. Prevention of 

 disease is alone a grand improvement of the 

 breed. It is a great profit ; for in case of gen- 

 eral disease in a flock or herd, we are not only 

 to reckon the loss of those individuals which 

 die, with the doctor's bill, and our own servants' 

 time and attendance, but the loss of time and 

 thrift in the survivors, sometimes the heaviest 

 loss. 



'■ Upon every farm, it is truly necessary to the 

 well being of the cattle maintained, that there 



the season vegetation had entirely ceased, I be houses or sheds, sheltered yards, and spare 



d the buds for next year's growth were per 

 ;tly formed, and ready to grow with the first 

 pearance ot the spring. Young peach-trees, 

 moved but a small distance, at the time their 

 jssoms are just beginning to open, will somc- 

 nes ripen their fruit the same fall ; but their 

 owth in the next year, will not be so vigor- 

 s as of those planted between the middle and 

 it of November, or those planted early in the 

 ring. The essential points in planting of 

 jit-trees, are, that they be planted rather shal- 

 wer than they originally grew — that they are 

 !pt firm and steady in their places, and, that 

 e water run from them both in the winter and 

 the spring, rather than toward them. There 

 one observation in an old almanac, perhaps 

 •enty or thirty years old, that is well worth 

 membering, because it is true, that " a free 

 e of fine ripe fruit in this country, would on 



average, add seven years to the life of each 

 :izen, in addition to the advantages of sound 

 •alth, and the indulgence of the highest luxu- 



the world ever did or can afford."' T.G. 



FACTS AND OBSERVATIONS aELATINC TO 



jRlCULTURE & DOMESTIC ECONOMY. 



FOR THE KEW E.\GLAND FARMER. 

 VETERINARY COLLEGES CATTLE-MEDICLNE, &.C. 



An English writer says "• The establishment 

 a veterinary college has had the very useful 

 ffectofturnmg the attention of a far greater 

 umber than formerly, of medical men, to ve- 

 irinary pursuits and inquiries, and, in a great 

 leasure, to wipe a.vvay that false sense of shame, 

 •hich many gentlemen of the faculty eutertain- 

 d at the idea of becoming horse and cow-doc- 

 )rs ; a most groundless prejudice in any view, 

 arlicularly when it is considered, that men of 

 le first raidt and fortune in the country, think 

 .no degradation, but a useful and patriotic em- 

 loymenl, to obtain personal and practical skill 

 1 the management of live stock. 



" The faculty of caltle-doctors, F shall hope, 

 say be considerably improved by the addition 

 nd presence among them, of a number of regu- 

 sr professional men, in various parts of the 

 ountry ; indeed whatever turn improvement 

 Day take, the former must be generally depend- 

 ed upon for a length of time. And in remote 

 nd secluded parts of the country, where even 

 he lowest practitioners are not to be found, it 

 nrvitably results that the proprietor, or his 

 .ervanL". mu«i fill the office of doctor to the 

 locks and herds. 



inclosurcs, for the comfortable reception of the 

 diseased. The want of such conveniences, or 

 an indolent prejudice against the use of Ihem, 

 is in itself a real malady, and one great cause 

 why slight affections grow into incurable dis- 

 eases. The proper instruments of administra- 

 tion or operation, should also be provided, and 

 always ready for use ; and where much cattle 

 is kept, it would be of considerable benefit to 

 set apart a piece of garden ground for the pro- 

 duction of medicinal herbs, for though botanical 

 simples are justly rated by modern practice far 

 below their ancient character, yet infusions or 

 decoctions of them, are excellent vehicles in 

 cattle medicine for articles of superior efficacy, 

 and, iu fact, as I have often experienced,some of 

 them possess, in a considerable degree, the vir- 

 tues attributed to them." 



Another writer observes — " It is well known, 

 that uneducated farmers are fond ot mystery in 

 medical matters ; and this very naturally, as 

 they have always been led to believe that, for 

 every disease, there is an infallible remedy, 

 termed a receipt ; and the more numerous the 

 ingredients are in that receipt, the higher opin- 

 ion have they of its ethcacy. Upon this princi- 

 ple, perhaps it is, that the cow-doctor, or cow- 

 leech as he is commonly termed, generally ob- 

 tains their confidence; while the veterinarian, 

 who adopts a more simple mode of treatment, 

 relying wholly, perhaps, ui)on bleeding and a 

 proper regulation of diet, does not ajipear to 

 them sufficiently skilful ; and any attempt he 

 may make to explain the nature of the disease, 

 or the principle upon which he acts, would be 

 quite unintelligible. With respect to the quali- 

 fications of those cow-doctors, it is unnecessary 

 to say much, in the operative part of the art, 

 they are useful in a certain degree." 



ARRANGEMENT OF AGRICUI.TIRAL LABOR, AND DO- 

 MESTIC MANAGEMENT. 



" At the foundation of a proper arrangement, 

 it is necessary to have a plan of the farm, or at 

 least a list of "the fields or parcels of land into 

 which it is divided, describing their productive 

 extent, the soil, the preceding crops, the culti- 

 vation given to each, and the species and quan- 

 tity of manure they have, severally, received. 

 The future treatment of each field, for a suc- 

 cession of years, may then be resolved on with 

 more probability of success. 



" With the assistance of such a list, every au- 

 tumn, an arrangement of crops for the ensuing 



year, ought to bo made out; classing the fields 

 or pieces, according to the purposes for which 

 they arc res|ieclivoiy intended. The quantity 

 of each crop, whether arable or meadow [plough 

 land or mowing) as well as the extent of ground 

 intended for pasture, will thus be ascertained. 

 It will not then be difliciilt to anticipate what 

 number of horses |or oxen] and laborers will be 

 required during the season; nor the stock that 

 will be necessary for the intended quantity of 

 pasture land. The works of summer and har- 

 vest will be foreseen, and \)roper hands engag- 

 ed in due time to perform them.'"* 



As nothing contributes more to faciLily and 

 satisfaction in business, than to prepare for 

 what must be done, a farmer should arrange his 

 plans regarding his crops, for three or four 

 years ; regarding team labor, when frost and 

 bad weather do not intervene, for as many 

 months ; and regarding hand labor for as many 

 weeks, according to the season of the year. — 

 " A general memorandum list of business to be 

 done," is therefore essential, that nothing may 

 escape the memory, and that the most requisite 

 work may be brought forward first, if suitable 

 to the state of the weather. Id this way, the 

 labor will go on regularly, and without confu- 

 sion, and a proper attention and force may be 

 applied to every part of the farm. 



The following rules, connected with the ar- 

 rangement, and the successful management of a 

 farm are particularly to be recommended. 



1. '-The farmer ought to rise early, to see 

 that others do so, and that both his example be 

 followed and his orders obeyed. In the winter 

 season breakfast should be taken by candle light, 

 by this means an hour is gained, which many 

 farmers lose by indolence ; though six hours in 

 a week are nearly equal to the working part of 

 a winter day. This is a material object where 

 a number of servants are employed. 



2. " The whole farm should be regularly in- 

 spected, and not only every field examined, but 

 every beast seen, at least once a day. On a 

 large farm, the whole day may be well employ- 

 ed in such essentia! duties. 



3. " In a considerable farm it is of the ut- 

 most consequence to have the servants special- 

 ly appropriated for each of the most important 

 departments of labor; for there is often a great 

 loss of time, where persons are frequently 

 changing their employments. Besides.when the 

 division of labor is introduced, work is executed 

 not only more expeditiously, but also much bet- 

 ter, in consequence of the same hands being 

 constantly employed in one particular depart- 

 ment. For that purpose, the ploughmen ought 

 never to be employed in manual labor, but regu- 

 larly kept at work with their horses [or oxen,] 

 when the weather will admit of it. 



4. " To arrange the operation of ploughing 

 according to the soils cultivated, is an object of 

 essential importance. On many farms their are 

 fields, which are brought to a situation unfit to 

 be ploughed, either by much rain or by severe 

 drought. In such cases, the prudent farmer, be- 

 fore the wet season commences, will plough 

 such land as is in the greatest danger of being 

 injured by too much wet ; and before the dry 

 period of the year sets in, such land as is in the 

 greatest danger of being rendered unfit for 

 ploughing by too much drought. ■"" ' " 

 where these rules are attended to 



On fariM 

 there is a'"- 



' Marshall on Landed Property. 



