x\EW ENGLAND FARMER. 



187 



as young as possible, if in the kernel it will be 

 best, as there will (hen be no check of growth. 

 Plant them sixteen feet apart. Plow and har- 

 row between them, for two jears, without re- 

 gard to wounding them, but avoid tearing them 

 up hy the roots. In the month of March or 

 April, in the third year after transplanting, cut 

 tliem all off by the ground, plow and harrow 

 among them as before, but with great care, to 

 avoid wounding or tearing them. Suil'erall the 

 sprouts or scions to grow, even if they should 

 amount to half a dozen or more, they become 

 litaring trees almost instantaneoiisly, on account 

 of the strength of the root. Allow no animals 

 iiiit hogs to enter your orchard, for fear of their 

 ivounding the shoots, as a subatance drains away 

 through the least wound, which is essential to 

 the health of the tree, and the good quality of 

 tlie fruit. 



if the old stock is cut away the tliird year 

 after transplanting, no more shoots will come 

 to maturity than the old stump can support and 

 nourish, the remainder will die bel'ore they 

 bear fruit, and may be cut away, taking care not 

 to wound any other stock. The sprouts when 

 )loaded wiih fruit will bend, and rest on the 

 ground in every direction for many years, all of 

 them being rooted as if they had been planted, 

 their stocks remaining toiigh, and their bark 

 smooth, for twenty years and upwards. If any 

 of the sprouts from the old stump should happen 

 to split off and die, cut them away, they will be 

 .supplied iVom the ground by others, so that you 

 may have trees from the same for 100 years, as 

 I believe. I have now trees from one to thirty 

 six years old, all from the same stump. Young 

 trees, formed in this manner, will bear fruit the 

 second year; but this fruit will not ripen so ear- 

 ly as the fruit on the older trees tVom the same 

 stump. Three years after the trees are cut olf, 

 (Ijc shoots will be sufficiently large and bushy 

 t 1 shade the ground so as to prevent the growth 

 . r grass, that might injure the trees: therefore 

 jMoughing will be useless, and may lie injurioas 

 bv wounding them. It is also unnecessary to 

 nianure peach trees, as the fruit of manured 

 trees is always smaller and inferior to that of 

 trees which are not manured. By manuring 

 you make the peach trees larger, and apparent- 

 ly more flourishing, but their fruit will be of a 

 bad kind, looking as green as the leaves, even 

 when ripe, and later than that of trees which 

 have not been manured. Peach trees never re- 

 quire a rich soil : the poorer the soil the better 

 the fruit : a middling soil produces the most 

 bountiful crop. The highest ground is the best 

 for peach trees, and the north' side of hills the 

 most desirable, as it retards vegetation, and pre- 

 vents the destructive etTects of late frosts, which 

 occur in the month of April, in Pennsylvania. 

 Convinced, by long experience, of the truth of 

 these observations, the author wishes they may 

 be published for public bcnelit, and has been in- 

 formed, th.it Col. Luther Martin and another 

 gentleman, in the lower part of Maryland, have 

 adopted a similar plan with great advantage. 



REMARK BY THE P.DITOR. 



Oir" The method here described of managing 

 peach trees will probably supply some useful 

 hints for the culture of apple and other fruit 

 trees. Old orchards might be renewed by cut- 

 ting away in the proper season the old stocks, 

 and leaviiig the most vigorous sprout to renew 



the stock, or making use of the stump to ingraft 

 upon; if the fruit be not of tho best quality. — 

 New varieties of fruit, however, ought to be oc- 

 casionally sought for from the seeds, as ingrafted 

 fruits in process of time <legencrate. A valua- 

 ble paper on this latter subject may be found in 

 the Transactions of the Society for the Encour- 

 agement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, 

 written by Thomas Skyp Dyot Eucknall, Es- 

 quire, and republished in the Repertory of Arts, 

 2d Series, vol. 2. p. 361. 



Account of a method of preventing the premaiiiTe 

 decai) of Fruit Trees. By John Eltis, cf AVk' 

 Jersey. 



From the Transactions of the American Philosophical 

 Society. 



The decay of peach trees is owing lo a worm, 

 which originates from a large fly, that resem- 

 bles the common wasp : this fly perforates the 

 bark, and deposits an egg in the moist or sappy 

 part of it. The most common place of perfora- 

 tion is at the surface of the earth, and, as soon 

 as the worm is able to move, it descends into 

 the earth, probably from an instinctive efl'ort 

 to avoid the winter's frost. This may be ascer- 

 tained by observation, the track of the worm 

 from the seat of the egg being visible at its be- 

 ginning, and gradually increasing, in corres- 

 pondence with the increasing size of the worm ; 

 its course is always downwards. The progress 

 of the young worm is extremely slow ; and il 

 the egg is deposited at any considerable distance 

 above the surl'ace of the earth, it is long before 

 the worm reaches the ground. The worms are 

 unable to bear the cold of winter unless cover- 

 ed by the earth, and all that are above ground 

 after frost aie killed. 



F)y this history of the origin, progress and 

 nature of the insect, we can explain the effect? 

 of my method, which is as follows. In the 

 spring, when the blossoms are out, clear away 

 the dirt so as to expose the root of the tree, to 

 the depth of three inches : surround the tree 

 with straw, about three feet long, applied length- 

 wise, so that it may have a covering one inch 

 thick, which extends to the bottom of the hole, 

 the but-ends of the straw resting upon the ground 

 at the bottom. Bind this straw round the tree 

 with three bands, one near the top, one at the 

 middle, and the third at the surface of the earth ; 

 then fill up the bole at the root with earth, and 

 press it closely round the straw. When the 

 white-frosts appear, the straw should be remov- 

 ed, and the tree should remain uncovered until 

 the blossoms put out in the spring. 



By this process the fly is prevented from de- 

 positing its egg within three feet of the root, 

 and although it may place the egg above that 

 distance, the worm travels so slow that it cannot 

 roach the ground before frost, and therefore is 

 killed before it is able to injure the tree. 



The truth of the principle is proved by the 

 following fact. I practised this method with a 

 large number of peach trees, and they flourish- 

 ed remarkably, without any appearance of inju- 

 ry from the worm, for several years. 1 was 

 then induced to discontinue the straw with about 

 twenty of them. AH those which areu;ithotii the 

 straw have declined, iihile the others, which liave 

 had the straii', contintie as vigorous as ever 



FOR THE NF.W F.NGl.A.NP F.MIMF.R. 



It is not unfrequent to hear complaints of ex- 

 orbitant taxation, and that the demands of pau- 

 perism form no inconsiderable item of the re- 

 qiii.-ition, without the least advance to beffev 

 the financial policy of towns in this particular. 

 .Many have been long accustomed to stipulate 

 for the yearly maintainnnce of their paupers hv 

 auction, or other similar contract ; n nicthod. 

 uniting great trouble with much expense. It i' 

 believed the adoption of other more judicious 

 means would better siib'erve that beneficenc'.- 

 embraced by the laws of' humnnity. 



Therefore, to avail ourselves of tho experi- 

 ence of past times, is a highly incumbent duty, 

 so far as it will suliserve the cause of huiuanily, 

 and lighten tho burthen of pauperism. 



Should towns, having any considerable num- 

 ber of poor, [irovide lands proportioned to their 

 wants and c ipacit}', and place fliem under the 

 superintendance of a practical farmer, aided by 

 the united exertions of the most healthy of tho 

 paupers, it is believed that (heir labors, would 

 in no small degree, conlribute to the support oi' 

 the whole. 



The propriety of employing apr.iclical farm- 

 er is self evident — for to the profession of agri- 

 culture, he unites economy and indusiry, the 

 most important requisites in such an establish- 

 ment — and is a judge of the kind and qualify of 

 the different soils that may fill to his care, and 

 their adaptation to tho several growths of profit- 

 able vegetables ; also, his knowledge of the 

 working part would enable him to make ju>t 

 exactions of others. 



An attention to the breeding of swine, is an 

 important acquisition, for while it regulates the 

 pigery, it contributes largely to the accumula- 

 tion of manure, without which, profitable re- 

 turns cannot be expected from culture. 



Manure being the mainspring in agriculture, 

 an attention toit is of the higliest importance, 

 whether of inland location, or contiguous lo tile 

 sea board — the latter, however, combines many 

 advan(ages in that particular, not comprised in 

 the former, as large collections might easily be 

 made from sea and rock weed, dock mud, and 

 many other floating substances possessing salt 

 and other qualities important, whether for com- 

 post or other manure. 



Establishments for the reception and main- 

 tainance of paupers on a somewhat similar plan, 

 would no doubt greatly lighten taxation, and 

 contribute to the comfort of the dependant, 

 while under the guidance of sound policy, bot- 

 tomed on benevolent principles, together with 

 a well regulated police, essentially necessary to 

 the health and comfort of old age, poverty and 

 decrepitude would rarely be deprived of the ne- 

 cessaries and comforts of life, while (he wan(s of 

 the indigent would be provided for, at little or 

 no expense to the community. 



A MIDDLESEX HUSBANDMAN. 



From the Columbian Star. 

 There is a practical infidelity abroad, which 

 derides the idea of Divine Providence. What- 

 ever calamity may happen, "forth stops the 

 spruce philosopher,'" and descants learnedly on 

 the causes which have produced it ; and he is 

 satisfied with the most absurd conclusions, if he 

 can succeed in excluding the all-suslainiug and 

 controlling Sovereign of the Universe from any 

 agency in the event. 



