NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



iblished every Saturday, by THOMAS W. SHEPARD, Rogers' Buildiii?, Congress Street, Boston ; at $2,50 per ann. in advanre, or JJ.OO nl the close of the ycui. 



V^OL. I. 



BOSTON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 18, 1823. 



No. 25. 



remain in the stomach, without injuring the ] 

 animal, until the air is perfectly evacuated. j 



" It sometimes happens, that the Histcntinn 

 of the patmch takes place so suddenly, and in 

 so dangerous a degree, that no time is allowed: 

 for using the instrument ; in this case a sharp ] 

 pointed pen-knife niaj' be plunged into the 

 pnunch through the skin, by which the confined 

 air will immediately escape. There is no diffi- 

 culty or danger in the operation ; nor is any 

 other instrument required than a sharp pointed 

 pen-knife. Should the opening be plugged up 

 with the contents of the paunch, Ibey may be 

 removed, or the orifice kept open with a probe 

 or feather. When all the air has escaped, let 

 the wound be closed with any kind of sticking 

 plaister, or pitch. This 0|)ening is to l>e made 

 on the lei't side, between the haunch bone, and 

 Ihe last rib." — White's Treatise. 



Clayter, an English writer on Farriery, di- 

 rects this last mentioned operation to be per- 

 radtially into the mouth, where it undergoes a , formed in the following manner, 

 jmplete mastication, which is termed chewing " Take a sharp pen-knife and gently intro- 

 K- cud. The food is then again swallowed, duce it into the paunch, between the haunch 

 m\ conveyed to the second stomach, for the bone and the last rib on the left side. This 

 uilot opens indifterently into both. It endsuvill instantly give vent to a large quantity of 

 ^actly where the two stomachs meet; »nd|f(Etid air ; a small tube of a sufficient length 

 icre is a smooth gutter, with rising edges, may then be introduced into the wound,* and 

 hich leads into the second stomach, and thencej remain there until the air is sufficiently evacu- 

 1 the third and fourth: the animal, however,| ated ; afterwards take out the tube, and lay a 

 IS the power to direct it into which it will.; pitch plaister over the orifice. Wounds of this 

 'o second stomach is named the bonnet^ or kind are seldom attended with danger ; when it 

 '.-ihood. Its internal surface consists of cells, I has arisen, it has been occasioned by the inju- 

 -unibling a honey-comb; where the food un-ljicious operator introducing his knife into the 



wrong part. After the wind is expelled, and 

 .'he body has been reduced to its natural state, 

 let a cordial drench be given."' 



Dr. Monro, Proiessor of Anatomy at Edin- 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



: LIMITED AND COMPILED FROM THE BEST ACTHORS, 

 BY THE EDITOR. 



Fog Sickness, Hovcn, or BloTiii. 



■ We come now to treat of a class of diseases 



11 more important, with respect to horned 



tile, than the foregoing; that is, obstruction, 



imperlect action, in the organs subservient 



.ligestion. Under this head will be brought 



Sickness, Hoven, or Blown ; Gripes, or Fh- 



• Colic; Lidigestion, loss of the Cud; and 



:.::ulice, or YcUons. These diseases, however, 



ill be better understood, if we give, in the 



-St place, a short description of the cow's 



omach. All animals, which ruminate, have 



ore than one stomach ; in the cow there are 



ut ; the first is considerably larger than the 



'St, lies on the left side, and is commonly call- 



1 the paunch. The food, having been suffi- 



lently macerated in this stomach, is forced up 



i^'oes a farther maceration, and is then con- 

 0} od to the third stomach, called manypUcs ; 

 I cause the internal surface rises up into many 

 Some of those folds are longer than olii- 



and on their surface small glands may be burgh, invented an instrument, which was in- 

 tended to answer the same purpose with the 

 invention of Mr. Eager, above mentioned. It 

 consists ot iron wire about one sixteenth of an 

 inch in diameter, twisted round a rod three 

 eighths of an inch in diameter, and made ol 

 polished iron, in order to give it a cylindrical 

 form ; the wire, after being taken off the rod 

 should be covered with smooth leather. To 

 the end of the tube, which is intended to be 

 passed into the stomach, a brass pipe two inches 

 long of the same size, or rather bigger than the 

 tube, is to be firmly connected ; and to prevent 

 the tube from bending too much within the 

 mouth, or gullet, an iron wire, one eighth of 

 an inch in diameter, and of the same length as 

 the tube, is put within, but afterwards with- 

 drawn, when the tube has entered the stomach. 

 As Dr. Monro has ascertained that the distance 

 from the fore teeth to the bottom of the first 

 stomach of a large ox, is about six feet, the tube 

 ought to be at least two yards long, that it may 

 operate effectually in the largest oxen. When 

 the instrument has been introduced into the 

 stomach, it may remain there for any length ol 

 time, as it does not obstruct the respiration of 

 the animal : the greater part of the condensed 

 air will be speedily discharged thro' the tube ; 



;eri, something like millet seed From this it 

 a-ses into the fourth, or red stomach, common- 

 . called the caul. This much resembles the 

 uinan stomach, or that of the dog ; only the 

 iner folds are longfor and looser. Here the 

 ood is perfectly digested, and prepared for the 

 ouiishment of the animal. 

 '• When cows or sheep are turned into a fresh 

 lasture, of a different kind from that they had 

 )een accustomed to, they sometimes eat so 

 ;Teedily, that tUV; stomach is incapable of con- 

 racting, or forcing back its contents into the 

 nouth. When this happens, the food under- 

 lies a kind of fermentation, in consequence of 

 vhich a great deal of air is generated, and the 

 jnunch so excessively extended, that, if the an- 

 nal is not relieved, it will either burst or de- 

 troy him by suffocation. An instrument has 

 leen invented by Mr. Eager, for giving vent to 

 he confined air, which is very simple and ap- 

 riears to have answered the i)urpose completely 

 it consists of a cane six feet in length, with a 

 iround knob of ivood, perfectly secured at one 

 lend. An assistant is to lay hold of the cow's 

 horn with one hand, and the part which divides 

 the nostrils with the other. The operator is to 

 take the tongue in his left hand, and with his 

 Iright he is to force the instrument down the 

 Iguliet. As soon as it enters the paunch a great 

 deal of air will rush out. The instrument may 



* This may be of elder, sumach, or a turkey, or goo3C 

 quill. 



and should any ardent spirits, or other liquor 

 calculated to check the fei'inentatioii, be deem- 

 ed necessary, it may be safely injected through 

 this pipe. In short, the flexible lube here des- 

 scribed, has been (bund of infinite service in 

 saving the lives of cattle and especially of sheep, 

 when subject -to similar disorders, or any other 

 swelling peculiar to those creatures.* 



The 33d vol. of Mr. Voung's Annals of Agri- 

 culture, announces the following recii)C as a spe- 

 cific for this disease, even in the most desper- 

 ate cases; effecting a cure within the short 

 space of half an hour. Take three quarters of 

 a pint of olive oil, and one pint of melted butter 

 or hog's lard ; give this mixture by means of a 

 horn or bottle ; and if it docs not jiroduce a fa- 

 vorable change in a quarter of an hour, repeat 

 the same quantity and walk the animal gently 

 about. For sheep attacked with this malady, 

 the dose is from a wine glass and an half to two 

 glasses. 



The following simple remedy we have been 

 told is efiectual, but cannot say to what extent 

 it may be relied on. Make about a pint of lie, 

 either with hot embers thrown into a sufficient 

 quantity of water, or by dissolving therein about 

 an ounce of pot or pearl ash, and turn it down 

 the throat of the ox or cow afiected. A pro- 

 portionably less quantity is said to answer for a 

 sheep. This medicine, we are informed, ope- 

 rates by neutralizing and absorbing the carbonic 

 acid gas in the stomach of the creature, which 

 causes the swelling and other symptoms to sub- 

 side. We wish this remedy might be tried, and 

 its results made public. We suspect, however,- 

 that in extreme cases, it will bo necess&ry cither 

 to make at incision, or make use of Dr. IMun- 

 ro's fiexiblf tube, or Mr. Eager's cane with a 

 knob of wood at its end. Where the danger, 

 however, does not appear to be imminent, there 

 is little doubt but that either the oil and lard, 

 or the He, as mentioned above, would prove 

 effectual. 



When the animal has obtained relief by the 

 means mentioned above, one of the following 

 drinks is by Dr. White recommended to be giv- 

 en. No. 1. 

 Powdered ginger. 

 Spirit of nitrous ether, 

 Oil of peppermint,- 

 Warm water, 



(Mix tor one dose.) 

 No. 2. 

 Powdered caraway, 

 Ginger, 



Warm ale, [or warm water,] 1 pint. 

 (Mix.) 

 No. 3. 

 Powdered gentian, 

 Cascarilla bark. 

 Warm ale, [or water,] 

 (Mix.) 



An infusion of camomile flowers and ginger is 

 also a good stomachic in such cases. 



When cattle have sufferer a severe attack of 

 this disease, the stomach i'^ generally weakened 

 by it ; great care, therefore, is necessary, in or- 



i OZ. 



2 oz. 



30 drops. 



1 pint. 



oz. 



dr. 



1 nz. 



2 dr. 



1 pint. 



»Set3 Domestic Eucyclrpedia, Art. Cattle. 



