206 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



From the i\cw York Statesman. 



I ton. — He was born in the state of New-York on 



'the 26th July 1730, anJ died in the city of 



Extract of a IctUr from one ot the Editors, now in | \Vnshinf;;ton on the 20th of April, 1811, in the 



73d year of his age. He was a soldier and 



Wasliiiiglon 

 .\.\TIO.\AI. BURYING GROUND. { statesman of the revolution. Eminent in coun- 



One of the Cr^i objects for which I inquire on cil and distinguished in war, he filled with un- 

 enteringnnew place is the church ^ard, since ^ examplod usefulness, purity and ability, among 

 indopcndont of tlie ploasiiiv melancholy derived ">""> o">er offices, those ol Governor of his na- 

 from meditations " among the tombs," "the selec- { ''^'o '=tate^,^nnd of \ ice-President oi the United 

 tion of a site lor a burying-ground, the m:innerj ^'•'''gs. 



ol'laying it out, the sculpture of the moiiumeuls 

 anil the inscriptions they bear, furnish a prctly 

 correct index to the intelligence and taste of the 

 inhabitants. In the congregation of the dead, 

 you may study and catch the manners of the 

 living, discovering in turn relinomeiit or rude- 

 ness of (aste, linowlcdge or ignorance, ostenta- 

 tion or modest retirement, aflectation of sorrow, 

 or the simplicity and sincerity of real ati'ection 

 and real grief Had Mr. Aldcn been less vol- 

 uminous and le's indiscriminate. Ids collection 

 of cpitn|)lis might have been an interesting and 

 useful work, presenting at least one striking 

 feature in the moral physiognomy of the coun- 

 try. 



It was my intention sooner to have given a 

 brief sketch of what may be considered the A'a 



While he lived, his virtue, wisdom, and 

 valor, were the pride, the ornament and the se- 

 curity of his country ; and wlien lie died, he left 

 an illustrious example of a well spent life, wor- 

 thy of all imitation. This monument is affec- 

 tionately dedicated by his children." — I have 

 copied the whole of this inscription, because it 

 is concise, neat and appropriate, and because I 

 do not recollect to have seen it noticed. The 

 virtues and services of sucli a distinguished pat- 

 riot cannot be too often called to mind, especially 

 by the citizens of a state to which he was a pub- 

 lic benefactor. 



Near the grave of George Clinton, commen- 

 ces a range of monunieat', which extends for 

 some rods towards the south, erected to the 

 memory of members of Congress, who died at 

 Washinarton. These memorials are placed in 



lence," and a plain tomb-stone to the memory of 

 Mr. Machen, with the classical and beautiful ex- 

 pression of filial affection, 



•' H< u I genitorem, omnis curac casasque levamcn, 



Amitto." 



THE FARMER. 



tinned Hnr>iiii\^-gi-miniL as members of Congress an exact line, are ot the same height, composed 



aiul other ollicers of the government are there 

 interre('. I have paid it tivo visits — the first at 

 evening twilight, in com|)any with the obliging 

 I'riend, alluded to in my last letter, and nn En- 

 glish traveller. W'c. arrived in season to take 

 only an im[)erfect view of the ground, and to 

 read a lew of the insci'i[)lions bel'ore tlie depar- 

 ture of day-light, all the horizontal monuments 

 being covered with snow to the depth of sev- 

 eral inches. Ve?-terdiiy morning I walked there 

 alone, and passed an hour before the meeting 

 ofthe House. 



This cemetery is in a remote and lonely situ- 



of the same materials, uniform in their structure, 

 and uninterrupted in the series, except by a 

 marble pyramid in honor of Capt. Hugh George 

 Campbell, of South Carolina. They are built 

 of free stone, painted white, and consist of short, 

 square, aud plain pillars, willi a cone at top, 

 and resting on a broad pedestal which rises by 

 two steps. On the f«ce of the pillar, is an in- 

 scription, similar throughout, with the excep- 

 tion of names and dates. I shall give that of jMr. 

 Pinkney as a sample, because he is among the 

 most distinguished in this assemblage of the 

 dead, and because it is a perfect contrast to the 



ation, being something more than a mile in a ' epit'ip'"' proposed by several persons soon after 



southeasterly direction from the Capitol. It 

 lies immediately upon the bank ot East liranch, 

 at the distance of only a few yards from the wa- 

 ter's edge, but elevated considerably above it. 

 and commanding an extensive view ofthe river. 

 The winding path leading to it is over a wide 

 and barren common — there are no houses in 

 the vicinity — and it will be lung before it will 

 be in the midst of the city. Had the church- 

 yards of Neiv-York been laid out wiih the same 



his death. In plain black letters you find the 

 following brief inscription : — " In memory of 

 the Hon. William Pinkney, a senator in the con- 

 gress of tlie United States from the state of Jla- 

 ryland, died Eeb. 25th, 1 022, aged oO years.'' 

 Here sleep the remains, and such is the epitaph 

 ofthe man, on whose eloquence courts and sen- 

 ates have hung with atlmiration and delight.! 

 Dy his side and near him, sleep the ashes of Mr. 

 Trimble of Ohio, Mr. Burrill of Rhode Islan 



precaution, they would not now have formed a ! i^Ir. Malbone ofthe same state, and Mr. Trat y ! 

 subject of legislation for the Common Council, i o't^onueclicut, members of the Senate — togeth- 1 



nor for newspaper discussion. This grave-yard 

 contains an area of two or three acres, enclosed 

 by a plain wooden fence, and spriidiled willi 

 copses of native cedar, stinted in their growth 



er with Samuel A. Otis, Ibriner secretary of that ; 

 body : also, Rlr. Smilie of Pennsylvania, ftlr. 

 Dawson of Virginia, Mr. Slocuinb of North Car- 

 olina, Sir. Hazard of iiliode Island, Mr. Walker 



anil many of them withered, either from the i of Kentucky, Mr. Mumford of North Carolina, 

 poverty ofthe soil, or from havin" their roots I ^^^- Stanford ofthe same state, Mr. Brigham of 

 iiroken by the sj)ade of thegrave-dig"-or. There ' M''Ssachusolls, Mr. Darby of New Jersey, and 

 are however, enough living to conceal many of ! "^Ir. I'lount of North Carolina, members of the 

 the graves ; and their verdure contrasted wilhi House of Representatives, making an aggregate 



the grey tomb stones produces an ai 

 feet. 



le cable ef- 



in both branches, ot seventeen. It is somewhat 

 remarkabfe, that so large a state as uiat of New 



The most conspicuous monument, is that erec-] ^ "''^ '^-'s »'' other representative in this con 

 ted in memory of Gr.onc.t; Cli.nto.v, Vice-Presi-I S''css of the dead, than George Clinton, while 



dent of the United States. It is a handsome pyr- 

 amid of stuccoed freestone, ten ortweUe. feet in 

 height, standing upon a broad base, and inouut- 

 iiig by steps. On one side is a prolile likeness 

 cut from marble in bold relief, and surrounded 

 with a civic wreath. Beneath is the Ibllowing 

 inscription : '• To the memory of George Clin- 



the small state of Rhode Island has three or 

 four. In the monuments and tomb-stones of 

 other persons interred here, there is nothing 

 very peculiar or striking, it you except the mar- 

 ble slab over the remains of Tobias Lear, which 

 " his desolate widow and mourning son erected 

 to mark (he jilacc r,J' his uboik in the dly of si- 



nOSTOX .—S.lTl'RD^iY, JA.y. e.i, 182,1. 



FATTENING OF SWINK, 



The Hon. Mr. Pctor?, of Pennsylvania, has a=ser(fJ 

 that I'attinjf Iiojs should always be snpplird with dry 

 rotlfii wood, which shouht be kept in their pen, for tli'^ 

 aniniils to eat as their appetites or instincts may direct . 

 It ha= been supposed, likewise, that swine thrive bel- 

 ter when they can obtain fresh earth, which they an; 

 obseri'ed often to swallow with greediness. The pre- 

 babilty is that nature directs these creatures to lb'- 

 use of such substances as absorbents to correct the 

 acidities of their stomachs. Charcoal, it is ssid by 

 some, will answer a similar, if not more valuable pur- 

 pose ; and that if swine are supplied with this la>t, 

 mentioned substance they show but little incluiation 

 for rolling, and are much more quiet in their pens than 

 under ordinary treatment. It is easy to try the experi- 

 ment; and if tried we should be glad to be informed 

 of its results. 



Mr. Peters, and some other eminent agricultiuisis 

 have asserted that food for swine is much the best for 

 fattening them, when it has been soured by fermt nta- 

 lion, and it is even supposed that one gallon of sour 

 wash will go as far as two of sweet for this purpose. 

 .And :«i Knglish writer tells us that " the best method 

 of fceJing all kinds of grain to hogs, is to grind it to 

 meal, and mix it with water, in cisterns made for the 

 purpose, in the proportion of five bushels of meal to a 

 hundred gallons of water; the mass to be well stirred 

 several times each day, until it has fermented and be- 

 come acid, when it will become ready for use. In this 

 way two or three cisterns mvist be kept for fermeutiuj 

 in succession ; and tJie profit will pay the expense." 



Hogs cannot be fattened so cheaply in very cold 35 

 in temperate weather, unless they are guarded with 

 great care against the inclemency of the season. I.i 

 the winter too, acid or fermented food cannot so well 

 lie procured for them, as the low temperature of tin; 

 uir will stop fermentation, if not freeze the wash und< r 

 ordinary circumstances. The food for swine may be 

 I'ermented by being kept in an apartment kept at near 

 summer heat by a stove. The wash may also be kept 

 warm by steam introduced according to C'oimt Hum- 

 lord's plan.* IJnt healing liijuuh by steam is net fo 

 easy a process as would seem at the first thougl t. 

 There must be a large [that is large in proportion to 

 the quantity of liquid to be warmed] and strong boiler, 

 with two safety valves, one opening outwards to let 

 out the steam, if by the sudden increase of heat, it 

 should acquire so much elasticity as to endanger the 

 bursting of the boiler ; and one valve opening inwards 

 to prevent the sides of the boiler from being collapsed, 

 or crushed inward, or the liquid from being forced out 

 of the cistern through the steam tube into the boiler 

 by the weight ofthe atmosphere. Then there must be 

 steam tubes rising some height above the surface of 

 the wash in the cistern, and descending, vertically, to 

 near its bottom. The steam must be so elastic .as to 

 overcome not only the pressure of the atmosphere, but 

 also the additional press\ire of that part ofthe liquid in 

 the vessel, containing the wash, which lies above the 

 opening or end ofthe tube where the steam is discharg- 

 ed into the vessel. 



* See .Vrti- Evglani Farmer, J\'o. 5, pp. 38, 39. 



