NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



269 



. I, spirited Gentlemen who have obtained ] their dann were of the worst :iiul most inferior 1 ery description whatever ; by which means ho 

 I ils of me, being aexious to benefit their im-l kind. That the iiublic therefore, might no Uvill he enabled to adojit the more f>:iidentrnr.:i- 

 ndNite neighborhood, and particuhirlv solici-j longer be tlius imposed on, I very soon deter- surcs, as to sucli arlicles, as h.e hiinselt may 



mined to keep liim entirely for my own use. 

 And though wiiile a yearling, he earned me so 

 larije a sum ot money ; and after I had made the 

 restriction and his stock began to be seen, ap- 

 plications were made to me from various parts 

 of the country, in some cases ofTering any sum 

 that could he asked or given for the use of a 

 bull ; yet I have seen no cause sufHcient to in- 

 duce me to alter from my lirst determination ; 

 nor do I suppose I ever shall. 



In districts where the tenantry themselves 

 procure good cattle, there 1 should by no means 

 advise th« landlord to allow the neighborhood 

 to send their cows to a bull of his own at an 

 under price, if he possessed a valuable one ; 

 because this would have a tendency to damp the 

 emulation of the tenantry amon 



1( s ior the welfare of their own tenantry, ' 

 he allowed such to send their Cows to the 

 |lh without any compensation whatever. 

 can be no doubt but that such a dispo- 

 does them the highest creilit ; but still I 

 t nk it would be more beneficial (1 speak not 

 e their own account, but for the neighborhood 



1 large) to take a certain compensation ; and 

 it too such a one, as should at least keep 

 ay the very refuse of the C^attlc.* Nor do 

 Qiiik it a bad plan, beside the usual charge 



■ each individual Cow, to have an extra sum 



■ all bull calves that are uncut at four months 

 I. Where the cows are tolerably good, even 

 not remarkable for their breed, the heifer 

 Ives produced by sending such to valuable 

 Us, may be very useful for future stock ; 



ough they cannot by any meane be so well land to deprive the most .spirited and skilfui 

 pendod upon for breeding, as if their Dams had I among them of that reward they arc so justly 

 en thorough bred aho. But such stock cros- onlitlcd to. One thing is very certain, that 

 i time at'tcr time with the thorough bred Bulls, I there is a greater desire for improved slock in 



have to dispose of It contains moreover a fund 

 of information, en jiractical ijubjecls, belonging 

 to agrioulture, fiom the joint contribution of tlie 

 most scientific men of the day- To nienHon 



11 soon arrive at a very considerable degree 

 perfection. If however persons breed from 

 If bred Bulls as well as half bred Heifers, it 

 obvious that there is no continual advauce- 

 3nt in blood ; the progeny will still be only 

 If bred. Why I should admit of this partial 

 iprovement from the Heifers, is this; be- 

 luse in the present state of things, a sufficient 

 nnber of really valuable animals cannot be 

 ocured ; and by crossing theoi in the way 1 

 ve just mentioned, each succeeding race 

 suld no doubt be considerably improved. Still 

 wever the value of such a cross must depend 

 irtly on the excellence of the original stock 

 Cows, put to the thorough bred Bulls; 1 

 ost again repeat, that I think very bad ones 

 e better excluded altogether. Jly reason al- 

 for advising to charge an additional price for 

 e bulling of any Cow, if the calf itself be 

 ared as a Bull, is to prevent as much as pos- 

 ole the use of Bulls that are descended from 

 oderate females ; for on account of the ex- 

 nsive use that may be made of a single Bull, 

 le good or harm done to a neighborhood, ac- 

 jrdino- as the Bulls are good or bad, well bred 

 not, is much greater than most are apt to im- 

 jine. 



But with every precaution, I know from what 

 have frequently seen, that it is no easy matter 

 > prevent the use of bulls, descended from in- 

 irior cows. In the case of my bull Alexander 

 m animal well known in most parts of the 

 ountry) when he was allowed to serve other 

 erson"s cows, I found the greatest possible mis^ 

 hief arising from it. For as it frequently hap 

 ens, that my applications for cattle are greater 

 ban 1 can supply, many were induced to give 

 arge price* to others for half bred ones de- 

 cended from him ; when the fact was, some of 



Others have taken a f?.ir jjrice for the general UfC 

 f their Bulls, but have atlowtd their own ti^nantry to 

 Bad Cows for something less, which 1 think is by no 

 wans a bad plan ; as I think this liberality, while it 

 aeourages the tenantry, atfords the landlord the se- 

 arity I mentioned in the conclusion of the re marks ; 

 nd to a man of a noble disposition, the gratification 

 f seeing the improvements made on his ejtate. I pre- 



e not however to dictate the best plan for each 

 larlicular case ; that may vary according to circum- 

 tances. But I do think in all cases, some plan 

 hould be adopted to keep away the Cattle j'lst mcn- 

 ioned. 



the present day than was ever before known. 

 Nor can we be at all surprised that this should 

 be the case ; for those who have had an oppor- 

 tunity of seeing the vast diUcrcnce that is made 

 in the return between good and bad animals, 

 would naturally be very anxious for the former, 

 though they may incur a little expense in the 

 (list establishment of a breed. 



And here I cannot refrain from passing my 

 highest encomium on the board of agriculture. 

 The liberal premiums proposed by it, on vari- 

 ous occasions, together with the enlightened 

 experience of many of its members, have, and 

 I trust will ever continue to be productive of 

 the greatest good. AVhen we behold men o( 

 the rank and opulence of its noble president* 

 dcvotin? so much of their time and attention to 

 the public weltarc ; the inferior orders and mid- 

 dle classes of society, ought, surely never to 

 think it too much to exert themselves on their 

 own behalf. Such noblemen and gentlemen by 

 their various experiments are continually dis- 

 covering something new, and of importance : 

 the experiments that fail, fall entirely on them- 

 selves ; while those that succeed, are generous- 

 ly made known to the public at large. By their 

 rank in life, they render the pursuit of agricul- 

 ture respectable ; and by their liberal assistance, 

 they rouse many to a degree of exertion which 

 is not unfrequently crowned with success. t 



Whoever wishes to make himself acquainted 

 with the value of fat and lean cattle exposed for 

 sale, at the ditlerent markets and faiis in vari- 

 ous parts of the country', cannot do better, than 

 consult the Fanner's Journal. This is a publi- 

 cation indeed, that no agriculturist ought to be 

 without. To a man of business, its trifling ex- 

 pense is soon repaid by the correct information 

 he iL-ecUy receives of the prices of not only one 

 kind of agricultural produce,^ but of almost cv- 



*The Right Honorable the Earl Hardwickc. 



"t I mi^-ht here mention the aid afi'orded to the im- 

 provement of stock, by the various exhibitions in al- 

 most every part of tlie country, eEtablished either by 

 the muniliceuce of distinguished individuals, or the 

 joint contribution of the respective members — in most 

 of which societies, we generally perceive the nobility 

 and gentry of the neighborhood come forward in such 

 a way, as does them the highest credit. 



J The concluding page of each journal contains a 

 list of the prices of all kinds of corn, lecds, meat, hay, 



the t;;.i:np.tures of Sir John Sinclair, Mr. lJ:il!, 

 iMr. Blakie, and Mr John Klman, Jr. might 

 alone suffice ; but to these, if need bo, in.iny 

 more of the first note, could be easily added — 

 the whole being arrangad and corrected under 

 the inspection of au intelligent editor. 



I liave only to add again in conclusion, how 

 much real pleasure it has given me, to have 

 received the approbation of so many intelligent 

 men ; and most sincerely wish that my '• re- 

 marks"' were still more worthy of their atten- 

 tion. And I can assure all, if s|ieciniens of cat- 

 each other, I tic j)leasc them better than description, that they 

 arc extremely welcome to the sight of any, (jr 

 the whole of mine, at any part of the year. — 

 For as I never make a point of forcing them by 

 extra keeping, I am quite regardless of the time 

 they are shewn. The improvement of the 

 stock of the country, indeed, is a subject of 

 such vast importance, that it can never be made 

 too clear ; and on this account, I shall always be 

 happj', to adopt every means in my power, to 

 facilitate so great an object. 



Should this pamphlet fall into the hands of 

 any, who liax e been wailing for heifers from 

 me, and hare thought themselves neglected 

 by not receiving them so early as they might 

 imagine; I have only to assure them tliat it h.is 

 arisen from others, who have given a prior or- 

 der, either taking more than 1 at (ir-t expected, 

 or putting in their elaim for a second supply : 

 and that every attention has, aod will continue 

 to be paid, to serve all as soon as possible. I 

 ought perhaps here to mention generally, that 

 from the great demand I have, my plan has 

 been, if any one ajiplies at a lime, when 1 am 

 unable to spare any, to make a memorandum of 

 the application, if wished ; and then to send 

 word as soon as I have such to part with, as are 

 likely to suit. 



From this demand too, my bulls and bull 

 calves are disposed of at all times of the year ; 

 several of the bulls are frequently sold or re- 

 let in September, soon aftei' their return from 

 former engagements ; and man}' of the bull 

 calves often disposed of during the first summer, 

 that is, as soon as they have been well reared 

 and arc ready to send off. The plan that many 

 have adopted therefore, that live at a distance, 

 is to write to me to know if they can be suppli- 

 ed with a bull calf, or heifers ; and if not, how 

 soon they can. In which case I describe what 

 I have, if any to part with at the ti.Tie, what 

 are coming forward, and how soon they will be 

 rcadv ; so that by this means, they liave the 

 trouble of one journey only. Perhaps no gen- 

 tleman, who takes this |)lan, will think it too 

 much to pay the postage ; for though the ex- 

 pense of each letter is but trifling, yet from the 

 number I receive, it would soon amount to a 

 considerable sum. Some who live at a great 

 distance and have Seen the cattle I have sent to 

 neighboring places, have left the selection en- 



straw, &c. ic. both in London and also in the most 

 important of the country markets. Nor is it of small 

 moment, that if there be a sudden rise or depression of 

 the various articles, the cause isgeneraily adverted tc 



