318 



NEW EiNGLAND FARMER. 



tiimn, it is said will preserve peach trees from 

 these insects, as well as increase their fruitl'ul- 

 ness. Inileed wood ashes, lime, soap suds, and 

 spent tanner's bark have all been recommended 

 as preventives against insects. We wish they 

 might ail be more thorough!}' and extrnsively 

 tried, both separately and mixed, and tlie effects 

 of their application made public. 



QrJF.RE WITH RF.GARD TO Pl..\,NTINO Ti'F.F.S. .\ 



iViend ol" the editor suggests an appichcnsion 

 that we are (or rather Mr. Cobbett is) wrong 

 in certain directions for planting tree?, publish- 

 ed in our paper of the ]9lh .^pril, p. ;i01. It 

 IS there advised, previous lo planting a tree, to 

 '• cut off all the fibres close to the roots : lor 

 they never live, and they mould and do great 

 injury. 11" cut off their place is supplied by 

 other fibres more quickly." This, says the 

 querist, is contrary to the opinions and practice 

 of such people of his acquaintance as have the 

 most practical knowledge of the subject, and 

 he wishes to know on what authority we found- 

 ed our directions. We, therefore, now produce 

 the observations of some other writL-rs which 

 happen to be at hand. 



Mr. Bucknal, an English author, (quoted in 

 Thacher"s Orchardist, p. 31,) says, '■•the S7nall 

 mulled jUires must be cut off, as they ore apt to 

 mould and decay, and prevent nciu ones from 

 shooting.'''' Dr. Deane says, fN. E. Farmer, p. 

 •159, Wells & Lilly's edition.^ '■'■Ml the small 

 fibres are to be cut off, as near to the place ■u;hence 

 they are produced as may be, excepting perhaps 

 when they are to be replanted immediately after 

 they are taken up. But it will require great 

 care to plant them in such a manner as not to 

 distort or entangle the fibrous roots, which if 

 done, will be worse for the plant than if they 

 were cut off." 



We have consulted Messrs. Mawes, M'Mahon, 

 Bradley, Darwin, and some other writers, but 

 h^e found no particular directions on this jub- 

 jcct. Mr. Mai-shall, an old English writer, ap- 

 pears to be in favor of preserving the fibres. 

 But we will give his directions at length, which 

 we presume will not appear tedious to any one 

 properly impressed with the importance of per- 

 forming this operation in the most advantageous 

 manner. 



'• Describe n circle about five or six feet di- 

 ameter for the hole. If the ground he in grass, 

 remove the sward in shallow spits, placing the 

 sods on one side of (lie hole ; the best of the 

 loose mould placed by itself on another side, 

 and the dead earth, from the bottom of the hole, 

 in another heap. The depth of the holes 

 should be regulated by the nature of the sub- 

 soil. Where this is cold and retentive, the 

 holes should not be made much deeper than the 

 cultivated soil. To go lower, is to form a re- 

 ceptacle for the water, which, by standing 

 among the roots, is very injurious to the plants. 

 On the contrarj', in a dry light soil, the holes 

 should be made considerable deeper ; as well 

 to obtain a degree of coolness and moisture, as 

 to be able to establish the plants firmly in the 

 soil. In soils of a middle (juality, the hole 

 should be of such depth, that when the sods are 

 thrown to the bottom of it, the plant will stand 

 at the same depth in the orchard as it did in the 

 nursery. Each hole, therefore, should be of a 

 ilepth adapted lo the particular root planted in 

 it. The holes ought, however, for various rca- 

 son=, to be msde pievious to the day of plant- 



ing. If the season of planting be spring, and 

 the ground and the weather be dry, the holes 

 should be watered the evening before the day 

 of planting, by throwing two or three pails full 

 of water into each ; a new but eligible practice. 

 In planting, the sods should be thrown lo the 

 bottom of the hole, chopt with the spade, and 

 covered with some of the finest of the mould. 

 If the hole be so deep, that with tliis advantage 

 ihe bottom will not be raised high enough for 

 ihe plant, some of the worst of the mould 

 should be returned before the sod be thrown 

 down. The bottom of the hole being raised 

 to a proper height and adjusted, the lowest tier 

 of roots is lo be S|)read out upon it; drawing 

 them out horizontally, and spreading tbeni in 

 ditrcrent directions, drawing out with the hand 

 the rootlets and fibres which severally belong to 

 them, spreading them out as a feather, pressing 

 them evenly into the soil, and covering them, 

 by hand, with some of the finest of the mould ; 

 the other tiers of roots are then to be spread 

 out and bedded in the same manner. Great 

 care is to be taken to work the mould well in, 

 by hand, that no hollowness be left; to prevent 

 which, the mould is to be trodden hard with 

 the foot. The remainder of the mould should 

 be raised into a hillock, round the stem, for the 

 trip[>le use of affording coolness, moisture, and 

 stability to the plant. A little dish should be 

 made on the top of a hillock, and from the rim 

 of this the slope should be gentle to the circum- 

 ference of the hole, where the broken ground 

 should sink some few inches below the level of 

 the orchard. All this detail may be deemed un- 

 necessary ; by those, I mean, who have been 

 accustomed to bury the roots of plants in the 

 grave-digger's manner ; but I can recommend 

 every part of it to those who wish to insure 

 success, from my own practice. Plants which 

 have been transplanted in the manner here re- 

 commended, whose heads have been judiciously 

 lessened, seldom require any other stay than 

 their own roots. If, however, the stems be 

 tall, and the roots few and short, thej' should be 

 supported in the usual manner, with stakes, or 

 rather, in the following manner, which is a; 

 once simple, strong, and most agreeable to tht 

 eye. Take a large post, and slit it with a saw, 

 and place the parts tlat-way with the faces to 

 the plant, one on each side of it, and two 

 feet apart, and nail your rails upon the edges 

 of the posts." 



FOREIGN. 



GREAT B RITA LN:— Accounts have been receiv- 

 eti from London to the 22d of March, but furnish nc 

 news of importance. The editors of English newspa- 

 pers appear to exert their oratorical faculties in oppo- 

 s-ition to any interference of the British government in 

 the impending contest. They are willing that indivi- 

 du.ll Englishmen should enter the lists merely as pri- 

 vate citizens, but not under the banners of the nation. 

 The Morning Chronicle is of opinion that a departure 

 from neutrality, on the part of Great Britain, would 

 " rouse the national vanity of the French, and give 

 rise, jierhaps, to an interminable war. This is a con- 

 sequence which it woulti be madness to hazard. Spain 

 is strong in situation, and does not want men. \\'e 

 can serve her more effectually by remaining at peace 

 than by sending a force to the Peninsula. Repeal the 

 foreign Enlistment Bill — allow free scope to British 

 generosity ; and the French government, or we are 

 much mistaken, will soon repent its undertaking." 



SPAI.y. — .Accounts have been received from Gib- 

 raltar as late as the 27th of March. A report had been 

 pri-viously in circulation that 15,000 French troops had 

 eatcied irpain, but this was premature, and no hostili- 



;lt 



ties had commenced at that period. The kingcf Spaiil 

 is considered by the Cortes as a mere cipher, and o: 

 course makes no figure in such a crisis. He has bcei| 

 ordered to S^eville, and the Cortes, .Ministers, ice. 

 to accompany him. They were to set out on the 2i 

 of March, and were expected to reach the capital 

 Andalusia about the luth of April. Five Spanish 

 mies are formed and forming ; the whole, it is sai 

 amount to 100,000 men, well clothed and furnishi 

 with means for the anticipated contest. 1 he Freni 

 declure their intention of proceeding no farther i. 

 Mailrid, but to wait the tide of events at that capitaji 

 Thtri is every appearance, however, of their meeting P 

 witli some serious impediments on their march to that 

 place; and if we might be allowed to prophecy (ac- 

 cording to the immemorial usages of editors) we should 

 say that the French will lose many lives and gain but 

 few laurels in this expedition. If the Gallic eagle does 

 not get his bones picked by Spanish crows, he will b« 

 the luckiest fowl that ever was fledged. Men who 

 stay at home to defend their altars and fire sides pos- 

 sess great advantages over those who penetrate a for- 

 eign country to dragoon its inhabitants into despotism, 



Spanish Cortes. — This body, in a reply to the king's, 

 speech, make the following observation: "The un- 

 heard of pretension of dictating laws to independent 

 nations, will, if not resisted, draw in its train the ruin 

 and dissolution of every state in Europe; and an in- 

 terminable and exterminating war would reduce this 

 fertile region to the barbarous state of the people of 

 Asia." 



GREEKS i TURKS.— On the evening of Christ- 

 mas, Omer I'acha, the Turkish commander, with sev- 

 eral thousand men, made an attack on Missolonglu 

 with the hope of surprising it. The Greeks, however, 

 were on their guard, beat off their enemies, and the 

 next (lay surprised and took the Turkish camp, togetli- 

 er with twelve pieces of cannon, all the munitions of 

 war. kc. and killed 500 or 600 men. Still the Greeks 

 hare a " hard row to hoe." The Turks are collecting 

 fresh armies, and threaten to overrun the Peninsula. 



DOMESTIC. 



JVr. Mams'' Donation to the Toicn of Quiney. — Thsf 

 Daily .Advertiser gives a sketch of a pamphlet contain' 

 ing the deeds of gift from the Hon. John .\dai>is, of 

 several pieces of land, and of his library to the town of 

 Quiney, with a catalogue of the library. By this tt 

 appears that the instruments convey two lots of land, 

 called the Cedar Pasture, to the said town, conditioned 

 that the rent be placed at interest in some solid fund 

 either of the Commonwealth or of the United States, 

 and the interest again placed at interest, for building a 

 Temple for the public worship of God for the use of 

 the Congregational Society in that town, and the sup- 

 port of a school for the teaching of the Greek and 

 Latin languages, &c. Likewise a second deed conveys 

 six lots of land on the same conditions, and to erect a 

 stone school house " over the cellar which was under 

 the house anciently built by the Rev. Mr. John Han- 

 cock, the father of John Hancock, that great, genera- 

 ous, disinterested, bountiful benefactor of his country, 

 once President of Congress, and afterwards Governor 

 of this State, to whose great exertions and unlimited 

 sacrifices this nation is so deeply indebted for her inde- 

 pendence and present prosperity, who was born in this 

 liouse ; and which house was afterwards purchased 

 and inhabited by the reverend, learned, ingenious and 

 eloquent Lemuel Bryant, pastor of this congregation ; 

 which house was afterwards purchased by an honora- 

 ble friend of my younger years, Col. Josiah Quiney, 

 and was also inhabited by his son, Josiah Quiney, jun. 

 a friend of my riper years, a brother barrister at law, 

 with whom I have engaged in many arduous contests 

 at the bar, who was as ardent a patriot as any of bis 

 age, and next to .tames Otis, the greatest orator." 



The third instrument is a conveyance, on certain 

 conditions, to the town of Quiney, in consideration of 

 the motives and reasons enumerated in the two former 

 deeds, of his library, which is thus described; viz: 

 " The fragments of my library, which still remain in 

 my possession, excepting a few that 1 shall reserve for 

 my consolation, in the few days that remain for me." 

 To this document is annexed a catalogue of the libra- 

 ry, containing nearly three thousand volumes. These 

 several donations, with the restrictions and limitations, 

 have been accepted by the town of Quiney, with votes 

 of thanks to the venerable douor. 



