; 



NEW ENGLAND PARMER. 



363 



MuRRAv's System of Chemistry, ?ays "the 

 ii|)oil is a compound of this kind,'' &.C. " and il 

 ■ suppose a fluid thus passing through tubes 

 dilTerent diameters, and undergoing succes- 

 decompositions, we may easily conceive 

 at very different products may be formed from 

 e same original compound. This affords a 

 « nple view of the nature of secretion. No 

 implicated apparatus is requisite for the per- 

 rmance of the change, all that is necessary 

 ing the propulsion of the blood through mi- 

 itc vessels, capable of contraction. It ha3 ac- 

 irdingly frequently been observed, that new 

 •oducts are formed without the intervention ol 

 ands ; such is the formation of the fat or ot 

 oscular tibre. It is easy to conceive that the 

 rmation of these may take place in the ex- 

 eme vessels, where these products are deposi- 

 d ; and in like manner, in the mere course of 

 le circulation, may be formed the gluten, albu- 

 en, and other principles of the blood itself. — 

 rom secretion a variety of products are formed, 

 i the bile, milk, fat, the bony matter, the mat- 

 r of membranes, and a variety of others, — 

 'hese comple'e the formation of animal matter, 

 id comprehend its several varieties. Such are 

 16 different steps of the process of animalization. 

 he food is digested in the stomach, mixed with 

 limal matter in the intestinal canal, and convert- 

 i into chyle : this mingles with the blood, and 

 ses a portion of carbon in the lungs : in the ex-j 

 erne vessels it is converted into the general; 

 rinciples of animal matter; and in the glands,; 

 converted into various secreted products." 

 White, vol. 4, chapter 1, of the formation ofi 

 le digestive organs of the cow, page 13. " The 

 omach then may be considered both as a mus- 

 ilar and as a vital organ. If wa view it in another 

 ^ht we shall consider it as one continued bihu- 

 us surface, sucking up the chyle as it is forrn- 

 j, and conveying it by means of the milk-vessels 

 1 the tour receptacles which are named the 

 larters of the udder. There is another order 

 f absorbent vessels in the stomach, and in the 

 nail intestines also, especially in the upper 

 art, named lacteals, which ramify through the 

 lesentery, and terminate in the thoracic duct, 

 aving previously passed through what are na- 

 led the mesenteric glands ; that is for the most 

 art, for some are seen going over their surface, 

 ^hese lacteals are subsidiary, and occasional 

 1 their otiice, serving to convey chyle when 

 le mesenteric glands are inflamed and obstruct- 

 Chyle, as we find it in the lacteals, is exact- 

 \i f like milk in every respect, and is, in fact, the 

 »me thing. The fluid of the thoracic duct is 

 ifferent ; it is semi-transparent, has always a 

 ttle oil floating on it, and is now and then 

 ound mixed with a little blood, which probably 

 dis into it after death, from the great vein in 

 I'hich it terminates. This depends on the valve 

 f that part giving way, in consequence of death, 

 "hyle and milk are then precisely the same 

 hing ; and in the cow there are three thoracic 

 lucts, two going to the udder and conveying 

 Qilk, and one to a great vein near the heart, 

 onveying that fluid from which the blood is 

 ormed. When the animal has young, the lac- 

 iferous vessels, for so the minute branches of 

 he two former thoracic ducts should be named, 

 lave a predominant aptitude to absorb the chyle, 

 nd a sufficient quantity only is taken up by the 

 hyliferous vessels going to the third thoracic 

 luct to supply the heart." 



00= Note. — The Editor takes the liberty of 

 ridding the following extract from a letter from 

 Col. Edward Lloyd. Speaking of the Improved 

 Short Horns, Champion, Shepherdess and White 

 Hose — sent in by Mr. Charles Champion of 

 BIythe, Nottinghamshire, England, Col. Lloyd 

 observes "• 1 found Champion and the heifers in 

 line order on my return ; they were, and still arc 

 loo fat. 1 assure you that Shepherdess reduces 

 but do-tiily, although I feed her alone on corn tops 

 — and Champion is still too fat, although 1 have 

 reduced his feed to a half gallon of meal per 

 day. Their futtening qualilics far exceed my 

 expectation, and are almost incredible." 



Aott hy llif editor of the A"eic England Farmer. — The 

 I'ortgoing is the production of a very distinguished ag- 

 riculturist, whose science and practical information 

 place him among the first of the foremost of American 

 .igriculturists. It contains much valuable information, 

 not only as respects facts, but theory, relative to im- 

 proving and improved animals of that species which is 

 the most valuable of any ivhich have ever submitted to 

 the dominion and ministered to the necessities of man. 

 It may not be amiss to observe, that Col. Jaques, of 

 Charlestcwn, , Mass. possesses the " Improved short 

 horns," which are the object of Mr. " Curwen's" meri- 

 ted encomiums, in all their purity. The bull Coelebs 

 is a descendant from the famous bull Comet, the same 

 remove with the " extraordinary bull Denton." Den- 

 ton and Coilebs are both grand-children to that cele- 

 brated sire of fine cattle. The merits of the latter are 

 probably as great, and (at least in this vicinity,) are as 

 highly appreciated as those of the former. Coelebs, we 

 are told, has, every season, 50 cows, at 10 dollars each, 

 a fact which proves our agriculturists are not insensi- 

 ble to the merits of that valuable animal. 



The following is extracted from an able Essay, enti- 

 tled, ^^ Rtniarks on the m^grictdtureof Massathusefts^^^ 

 published ih the Massachusetts Agricultural Reposito- 

 ry, vol. v, p. 317. 



George Adams, in his Treatise entitled " The 

 Netv System of Husbandry," developes his mode 

 of managfiig an acre, which, according to his 

 statements and calculations, is equal, in result, 

 to raising food enough in one season, on one 

 ■acre, to keep one cow 1089 days, which is three 

 years, wanting only Six days 1 ! We shall not 

 vouch for the actual experiment, to the extent 

 stated. His mode, however, is unquestionably 

 excellent, and the product must be great, even 

 should it consideraly tall short of the amount he 

 asserts. 



His mode is this ;— - 



His cattle are kept in houses in winter and 

 summer, so contrived as to save both dung and 

 urine. He plants in the fall, or as early as pos- 

 sible in the spring, drumhead cabbages, in rows, 

 three feet wide in the rows, two feet between 

 the plants ; that is, three plants in every square 

 yard. Thus an acre will contain M.'iSO plants. 

 If the land be poor the plants ought to be near- 

 er. On good land in the English climate, they 

 ought to weigh fifteen pounds each, upon an 

 average, by the first of .June. This is equal to 

 217,000 pounds, or one hundred and eight tons 

 to the acre. He allows each beast thirteen 

 cabbages and l--lth or 200 lbs., for every day 

 and night. The product of this acre, then, will 

 keep twenty head of cattle tifty four dHys ; or 

 one head, one thousand and eighty-nine days — 

 nearly three years. 



Adams' system is connected with soiling cat- 

 tle, or keeping them in houses during the whole 

 summer, and is capable of still farther extension. 

 Eor he states his practice to be carefully to cut 

 off the cabbages by the head, leaving their 

 stalks cut across at the top, to grow again. 



As soon as a few rows are cleared off, he 

 spreads the dung and urine carefully over the 

 ground. The' cabbage stalk, being left, will 

 soon sprout again. Then with a small hoe he 

 Cuts the ground over, so as to cover the manure, 

 and sows turnips among the cabbage stalks. He 

 continues to do this until the whole ground is 

 gone over. He asserts that, in that climate, by 

 the first of November he has as great a product, 

 as at first. 



In this way, land is improved by bearing 

 crops, and one acre of land made to keep twen- 

 ty horned cattle 108 days, or three and a half 

 months ! ! 



Without vouching for the result of this exper- 

 iment, in the extent here specified, it is simple 

 and practicable enough to enable any one to 

 satisfy himself of the greatness of its product, 

 and must have a strong tendency to awaken the 

 attention of practical farmers to the subject. 



From the Old Colony Memorial. 

 THRESHING MACHINE. 



A writer in the Memorial of Feb. 22, wishe.-^ 

 to know whether there has not been a machine 

 invented for threshing English grain, which will 

 bear the test of experience. The following Is 

 offered in reply. 



A machine has been invented by Timotliv' 

 Howe, Esq. of Turner, (Me.) which he has de- 

 nominated Hoice's Iinprovcil Threshing .Machine. 

 for which he has obtained letters patent, dated 

 December 3, 1822. 



This machine is said to unite durability with 

 cheapuetis and simplicity, and to answer the pur- 

 pose of thrashing admirably well. It operates 

 with convenience in a common barn floor, and 

 threshes as fast as one hand can fairly untie the 

 bundles and put them into the machine. 



The right for the counties of Plymouth and 

 Bristol in this state, and for the state of Rhode- 

 Island, has been purchased by an enterprising 

 young man in Middleborough, who is erecting a 

 machine for the inspection of those who may 

 wish to examine it, and to exhibit its usefulness 

 at the approaching harvest. Though patented, 

 this machine is within the reach of every prac- 

 tical farmer, as the cost of making, together with 

 the right for using one machine, will not ex- 

 ceed ^25, and it may be so constructed that it 

 can be removed from one place to another, so 

 as to serve for several neighboring farms. If 

 we may judge from the rapid sale of the right 

 for making, vending, and using these machines 

 in various parts of the United States, we believe 

 it must be a very valuable invention ; and it is 

 confidently trusted that the hopes of agricultu- 

 rists will not be disappointed by this machine's 

 being " withdrawn into obscurity and oblivion." 



Middleborough, May \i, 1823. C. 



To prevent Fishing lines from rotting. 

 Never wind your lines on your reel wet ; at 

 least, when you get home, wrap them round the 

 back of a chair, and let them be thoroughly 

 dried, otherwise they Will soon rot, and cannot 

 be depended on ; with this care they will last a 

 considerable tinve. 



