Vol. (i. — No. 



NEW ENGLAND FAIIMER. 



a: 



and 



WOOL. : times, — The Chinese ploughs ;irc simple, 



The following is from a person long; resident in | sonic of them arc drawn by women. 

 Sussex, (Eng.) : — f-'o great an effect has the most i The ancient Greek plougli, do.scrilicd by llasi- 

 trifiing cliange of soil or lierbage on the growth , od, consisted of three parts — a long block shurpen- 

 of wool, that, on two farms adjoining each otiier cd at the point ; a draught pole attachod obliqiic- 

 oii the South Down 5 of Sussex, there is annually 'y to the upper part of the block, and extending 

 a difference in the value of their respective to the yoke ; and a plough tail to .direct the im- 

 growths of from 3s. to 4s. per tod, oven though plement, fastened in like manner, and extended 

 the ewes from which it was shorn should have ; tack. A plough of a similar construction is now 

 been originally equally good as to breed and staple. ' used in Sicily. The plough of the modern Greeks 

 The experiment has, lie intimates, been tried for ! lias a crooked share, .shaped like the claw nf an 

 several succeeding years, by the occupants of the 'anchor; it is only a continuation of the sloping 

 farms alluded to having exchanged, each year, | 'landlo, which is large and strong. The ma 



. hem for the purchase, remarked in his character- 

 stic manner : " Gentlemen, it is not merely these 

 boilers and these vats that I am selling you, but 

 the poteniinlUy of accjuiring wealth beyond the 

 [English paper.] 



dreams of avarice." 



CULTURE OP SILK. 

 In a part of New England where the silk worm 

 has been an object of attention for a longer time; 

 than in most parts of the country, the little Ger-' 

 man settlement on Ebenezer creek, in Georgia ex- 

 cepted, some now modes of cultivating the roul-t 

 1 berry are introduced. I am informed that severali 



fifty ewes of the same "age and "quality, and the I ancient plough used by the Romans, was of the j °^ ^^^ " seed farmers" sow their seeds broad-cast! 



effect ascertained by the wool of one of the par- simplest form. In the days of Virgil this implo-M'^^e turnips, in the spring, and in the following| 



eels of ewes invariably degenerating. Nov is this. I ment had become more complicated and efficient, j season cut the plants with a scythe as soon as the 



he signifies, the only instance of the kind he has j 'i'hcy had ploughs with and without mould-boards; ' ™' 



witnessed. Thin chalky land, covered with a fine- i with and without coulters; with and without 



textured turf, interspersed with wild thyme, small ; wheels ; with bioad and narrow pointed shares, 



wild clover and eyebright, is that, ho subjoins, The beam was fastened to the yoke, like our cart- 



which produces the finest wool. It is, indeed, a poie- Tlie Romans did not plough their lands in 



well known fact, that wool always becomes coarse, '^eds or ridges, as we do ; but the cattle always 



though increased in weight, from sheep being fed return in the same furrow. The plough cominon- 



on strong land. Hence it is that a Southdown 'y "sed had no mould-board, and this may bo re- 

 owe produces a fleece full a third heavier, though j marked of the ploughs of most ancient, and some 



much coarser, the year she is fattened, than any modern nations — Hump. Gaz. 



one that preceded it. 



A LONDON BREWERY. 

 An idea of the immense extent to which the 

 brewing of porter is carried on in London, may 



THE PLOUGH. 



This instrument has held the first place among 

 the implements of agriculture in all ages. Noah be formed from the following description of l?ar 

 cultivated the vine and made wine immediately j clay's brewery. If any private concern in Eiig- 

 after the flood, but it ii supposed that grain was ; land, or in the world, is entitled to the epithet of 

 first cultivated on the banks of the Nile, in Egypt. . vaslness, this is one. It covers about eight acres 

 The invention of the plougii must have been near- j of ground, and manufactured last year 351,474 

 ly coeval with the rising of grain. "The first i barrels, of 3S gallons each. The buildings which 



jilough," says Jahn, in his Biblical Archseology, 

 ■ ■' was nothing more than the stout limb of a tree, 

 from which projected another shortened and poin- 

 ted limb. The further end of the long branch 

 was fastened to the yoke, and a handle was ad- 

 ded by which the plough might be guided." Mr 



contain the vats themselves, are enormous. The 

 largest of the latter contains cacii 4,000 barrels. 

 The average number of vats is nearly 100. A 

 steam-engine of 23 horse power is employed in 

 driving the machinery, and about two hundred 

 men arc engaged in the varions works of the es- 



Loudon says the plough originally used was of ] tablishment : it is supposed that the number of 



worms begin to eat out of the cocoons. This mow- ' 



ing is regularly prosecuted every morning in the. 



quantities wanted, and unless the season is one of' 



severe drought, the fields will bo cut twice or-' 



thrice before the worms begin to wind up. 



The advantages stated of this mode are these: ■ 



1. The leaves arc gathered with less labour and { 



expense, being cut and taken together like hay or*] 



grain. -; 



3. The loaves arc larger and more tender than ] 



on the grown tree, and the worms cat with more ; 



appetite and produce more silk. 



3. The time of gathering the supply is so shorii ■ 

 that the leaves arc got with the morning dew up- 

 on them, which is deemed by practical men, to bo | 

 an essential advantage. | 



4. More worms can be supported from a given I 

 space of ground, and the mulberries are ready af- ■ 

 tor one season, instead of waiting several years i 

 for the formation of an orchard. i 



My informant who took pains to make minute \ 

 inquiries on the spot, stated in one instance where ; 

 the worms tended by one young woman, supplied ! 

 with leaves in the mode described, produced silk . 

 to the value of $400 in one season. — JV Y. Times 



When an animal has eat too much green herb- 

 age, it ferments in the stomach and produces car- 



the pick kind and he gives a ii.mo ot one on an persons dependent upon it without doors, m tht j ^onic acid gas, which occasions bloating. To de- 

 ancient medal dug up at Syracuse, which resem- sale and transportation of the beer, is three or four ) g.^oy this gas, make tlie animr.l swallow a spoon- 

 bles a pick-a.xe. The letter A (alpha) is suppos- . thousand. The three coppers in which the beer ) f,,) ^f ammoniac mixed with a crbss of water- 



ed to have its shape from the plough ; in the most I is boiled, hold each 150 barrels. 



mcicnt form of the Greek A, one branch (the Twenty-five gentlemen once dined in one of 



beam) is twice as long as the other (the share.) — j those coppers, after which, fifty of the workmen 



Another ancient plough figured by Mr Loudon is 

 ui the form of a sharp toed-boot the holder (a fe- 

 male) has one hand on the top of the boot and a 



got in and regaled themselves. One hundred and 

 ninety pounds of beef-stakes, wore thus consumed 

 in one day, in this novel kind of dining room. 



beam is inserted a little above the instep. The j The tuns in which the beer ferments, hold ],400 

 instrument, now used for ploughing by the na- barrels each. The carbonic acid in one of them 

 lions of the east, is similar to those of the ancients, stood about three and a half feet above the liquor, 

 Mr Loudon remarks, that the state of agriculture and poured over the side in a continued stream, 

 and other arts, and of machinery, in the eastern A candle is instantly extinguished on being placed 



Perhr.ps a dose of lye would do as well. 



Simon Loroy, of Mexico, Oswego county has in- 

 vented a machine for mortising carriage hubs, 

 bedstead posts, table legs, chair pillars, &c. &c. 

 It is small, costs $20 and with it a boy of 14 years 

 can do as much work in a day as six men without 

 it. 



THE CROPS. 



The crops to the distance of twenty miles around 



'ountries' was'tiot m^aterialTy'different irthe"7ime j near"*throuterodge ''of ufis"receptlclo',''°and'^on j ^'f ■ '!!,!L"..T°!\^.!!L^L'"°nri!^;^,ll"^^^ 

 of Moses, 3400 years ago, from what it is in the holding one's face near it, a sharp pungent sen- 

 same countries at the present day. In Persia the sation is felt in the mouth and face, not unlike! 

 lower part of the plough is a long wedge-shaped that produced by ardent spirits. An immersion! 

 thing, and the beam and handle are inserted in of a few moments would be fatal. 



I an overflowing harvest. Providence in its benefi- 

 cence gives every assurance of an ample compen- 

 I sation being made for the dearth of the last year. 

 Halifax JVova Scoliati. 



the top of this block ; in some districts the driver 

 btands on the wedge or share. In Hindostan the 

 ploughs are of the thick shape and are but little 

 better than pointed sticks. The figures of some 

 of thorn resemble the brush scythe of the Ameri- 

 can farmer, the blade being used for a share, and 

 the handle for a beam — they are guided by a 

 piece of wood attached to the beam near the share. 

 The Hindoo ploughs merely scratch the earth, 

 and to accomplish the work of pulverization, the 



One hundred and sixty horses are kept on the 

 premises, for the purpose chiefly of transportin< 



Pear Trees. — During the two last years the 

 pear trees wore affected with a disease, which 



the materials to and from different parts of the « ithercd their foliage, suspended the circulation 

 city. A finer collection of animals employed in through the branches, and left the marks of death 

 one concern, perhaps is no where to be seen. and decay to attest its destructive power. Manj 



This is, upon the whole, I believe, the largest attempts at explanation were made. One distin- 

 brewery in London. It formerly belonged to guished agriculturist attributed the blight to the 

 Thrale, the friend of Dr. Johnson, who, as execn- | operation of an insect preying on the heart. Oth- 

 torto the estate, sold the establishment to iJOjers considered it as the result of a suspension of 

 present owners. One of the latter informed a circulation occasioned by the extraordinary dry- 



plough repeats the operation from five to fifteen I friend of mine, that the Doctor, in treating with I ness of the season. It has recently been attribu't- 



