NEW ENOL.AWD FAKMEK. 



t'uuUshed by John B. Russell, at Xo. 5^ jVori/i Murktl Street, (over the .Agricultural JFareltouse). — Thomas U. Fesse«den £dUo 



VOL. VI. 



BOSTON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBEK 21, 1827. 



No. 9. 



AGRICULTURE. 



Ti om Loiuloii's Gardener's Magazine. 



Histori/ of the First Introduction of the Modern 

 Style of laying out Giounds in Russia. 

 TzARSco Cei,o vns oiiginally brought into no- 

 tice by the Empress Catharine I., who built a 

 small palace there, and gave it that name, which 

 is derived tVoin Tzar, imperial, and Celo, a spot; 

 Imperial Spot or Hamlet. At 12 miles distance is 

 another place, where the same Catharine built a 

 small palace, called Crasnoi Celo, or Beautiful 

 Spot. On the Empress Elizabeth coming to the 

 throne she built the present palace, with every 

 degree of e.\travagance of finery All the orni - 

 raents, statues, and vases are guilt in leaf gold on 

 oil. The value in gold amounted to above a mil- 

 lion of ducats. The front of the building is .ibout 

 1200 feet long. Tlie garden at the same time was 

 laid out in Dutch taste, with straight walks, the 

 trees all clipped in difierent forms, and the lateral 

 walks lined with hedges of lime trees; the latter 

 still e.\ist, only that the trees are not clipped. Af- 

 ter the death of Elizabeth, Catharine the Second, 

 ascended the throne. About the year 1768 Count 

 Munchausen published a book in German, called 

 the Hausvater (Father of a Family,) the reading of 

 which seemed to give Catharine a taste for mod- 

 ern gardening. She immediately ordered that no 

 trees should be clipped in any of the imperial gar- 

 dens, but they sliouUl be left to nature. After 

 this she told her architect, and gardener, that in 

 making gardens they should endeavor to follow 

 nature; but this they could neither feel nor com- 

 prehend ; they attempted to vary the straight 

 line, by planting single trees on each side of the 

 serpentine walks. This did notplease; forthough 

 the Empress could not exactly direct then what 

 they ought to do, yet she felt convinced in her 

 own mind, that what they had done was not right. 

 At a small distance from the garden there was a 

 brook, of which the water meandered in a very 

 pleasing style ; before she left the country resi- 

 dence, which was about the first of September, 

 she ordered a walk to be made on the side of the 

 brook. This was completed, and in the spring of 

 ;he year she wont to see what had been done, and 

 round they had made a walk on the side of the 

 jrook, but had kept it parallel with the brook, and 

 had planted single trees at equal distances on each 

 side of the walk. On her coming up to itshe said 

 "No; this will not do; this is not what I vi/anted." 

 On finding she could have nothing done to her 

 mind, she determined to have a person from Eng- 

 land to lay out her garden. John Busch, of Hack- 

 ney, was the person who was engaged to come 

 out to Russia for this purpose ; he was preferred 

 on account of his speaking the German language. 

 In the year 1771 he gave up his concern at Hack- 

 ney, with the nursery and foreign correspondence, 

 to Messrs. Loddiges. In the year 1749 he com- 

 menced hiri first work, though not at Tzarsco Celo 

 but on a hill about five miles nearer town, called 

 Pulkova. In 1774 the Empress paid her first visit 

 to this place. On entering the garden, and seeing 

 a shady gravel walk, which was planted on each 

 side, and winding, she appeared struck with sur- 



prise, and said, "'i'his is what I wanted." This i In ten days from the lime of inserting thocuttings 

 "^•alk led to ii fine lawn, with gravel walks round j they will be ready to plant out, which is done in 



it, which seemed to strike her more forcibly, 

 she again said, "This is what I have long v/ishcd 

 to have." 



ON WINTER PRUNING THE VINE. 



In the culture of the vine it is sometimes ne- 

 cessary to lay in shoots of great length, as is the 

 general practice in pine stoves, orto fill the trellis 

 in common vineries. In such cases much care is 

 required that a regular and sufficient number of 

 the fruit buds shojld break from top to bottom, 

 and prevent the lower part of such shoots from 

 being quite naked and barren. To avoid this let 

 the pruner, after cutting the shoots to the requir- 

 ed length, and finding from the firm te.xture of the 

 wood, that it is sufficiently ripened, proceed to thin 

 the buds as follows; viz. leave the uppermost bud, 

 which may be called 1, cut out 2 and 3 leave 4, 

 and cut out 5 and 6, leaving 7, and displacing 8 

 and 9, and so on to the bottom of the shoot. 



This thinning of the eyes will cause all those 

 which are left to break regularly and so alternat- 

 ing with eacJi other, that the disposition, whether 

 for the sake of superior fruit or facilitating the 

 future management of the tree, will be found ex- 

 octly what the manager would wish; betaking 

 care to stop all the young shoots in their pro- 

 gress, immediately beyond the fruit, except the 

 lowest, which must be trained to its full length 

 for similar management the following year. 



Ibid. 3. MAIN. 



ON FORCING STRAWBERRIES. 



I place my pots for forcing in troughs two inch- 

 es in depth, and seven in width. The nearer 

 tley are placed to the glass the better. The 

 troughs ought to be well painted to make them 

 witer proof, and should at all times be kept full 

 of water. Thus treated the plants will be found 

 to thrive and swell their fruit much better than 

 by any other method ; while the pots being sur- 

 rounded with water, creeping insects are preven- 

 ted from getting to them, and injuring or eating 

 the fruit. Kidney-beans treated in this way an- 

 swer exceedingly well, grow much quicker, and 

 are less subject to the red spider. 



Ibid. ANDREW MORTON. 



PLAN FOR OBTAINING A SECOND CROP 

 OF MELONS. 

 When the first crop of fruit is nearly gathered, 

 cuttings are taken from the extremities of the 

 shoots which show the most fruit ; these are cut 

 off close under the second advanced joint, or about 

 the fifth leaf from the top ; the two largest leaves 

 at the bottom of the cutting are taken off, and 

 thus prepared, are inserted in pots (24 hours) two 

 in each pot, in light, rich soil, gently shaken down. 

 After being watered, the pots are placed in a one 

 light frame, on a hot bed previously prepared, and 

 plunged therein in moderately dry soil, with which 

 it is covered. The frame is kept close and shaded 

 for a few days, and iu a week the cuttings will 

 have struck root. The old melon plants, with the 

 soil in which they grow, are now all cleared out 

 of the frames, fresh soil to the depth of 12 inches 

 put in, and the beds well lined with fresh dung. 



in the usual way. When the plants have pushed 

 about fourteen inches, the end of each shoot is 

 pinched off, to cause them to produce fresh run 

 ners ; and the fruit wiiich showed on the cut- 

 tings will swell rapidly, and in three weeks after 

 replantiiifj the beds, abundance of fine fruit may 

 he expected. This way of getting a second crop 

 is far more certain than either pruning back the 

 old plants, or planting seedlings ; because cut- 

 tings grow less lu.-ciiriantly, are less liable to 

 casualties, and are much more prolific. 

 Ibid. CHARLES HARRISON. 



ON THE CULTIVATION OF PLANTS IN 

 MOSS. 



From Mr Street's success in growing plants in 

 mosSr(that is, the softer kinds collected from 

 thick and moist woods.) it appears, that in oui 

 artificial treatment of them, we may often deviate 

 widely from the laws of nature, and yet succeei' 

 in keeping plants not only in health, hut also in 

 considerable perfection. With \'no, greatest ease 

 we can grov.- small salad herbs on Uannol satura- 

 ted with Wiiter ; bulbs and others in water only ; 

 epiphytes on dead trees; parasites on living ones ; 

 and some plants suspended in the air. Mr. Street 

 recommends his practice as uniting the advanta- 

 ges of lightness, and safety in removal, whethei' 

 from pot to pot, or from one place to another. 



The mosses collected for this purpose are the 

 several species of Hypnum, vi/. the purum, squar- 

 rosum, dnd Schreberi, with any other decayed 

 vegetable substances which happen to be gather- 

 ed up amongst them ; sometimes a little sand or 

 loam is added. Thp, material is pressed closely 

 into the pots, and the plants are put into them as 

 if in mould. Cuttings of some kinds of free root- 

 ing plants strike well in laoss. Thesubject is new 

 and amusing, and the way to discover whether, 

 and to what ends, it may be permanently useful, it 



to push it as far as it will go while it is in hand 



We hope Mr Street will do this, and favour the 

 world with the results of his experience Ibid. 



PEARL BARLEY, A SUPSTITUTE FOR 

 RICE. 

 As it is equally advantageous to the public to 

 learn the use of a known substance as the discov- 

 ery of a new one, I am sure the application of bar- 

 ley to another branch of i!oinestic cookery will 

 not be disregarded by some of your readers. I 

 can assure them, that they will find it an excel- 

 lent substitute for rice. It has been long used in 

 this country in broth ; and, when boiled with milk, 

 sometimes called Scotch rice ; but by far the best 

 way of using it is by pounding it in a mortar. In 

 this form it fairly rivals mannacroop, tapioca, or 

 ground rice, and can be easily procured at one 

 twelfth of the price of the first, and one third of 

 the price of the last substance. It was resorted to 

 as a change of food for my children's breakfast ; 

 and the great similarity to mnnnacroop induced us 

 to try it in a pudding for them, and, I can assure 

 you, I think it one of the best of the kind — same 

 management as viith either of the others, icilk, 

 eggs, &c. &c. What we call pearl barley is the 



