ISO 



NEW EIS GLAND FARM Ell. 



Dec. 28, laiT. 



I'Vom LoU'lon's (Londou) Garcltrucri flLigazine. 



On the mode of procuring a crop of cucumbers 

 during xvint'^r, ly forming the hoi led witliin a 

 finer;/. — The gardener that is most successful in 

 growing early cucumbers, is pcucrally consider- 

 ''d clever in every other part of his business. — 

 This 13 not altogether without reason, for the 

 man who bestows the necessary attention to keep- 

 ing up the proper degree of hi'at, giving and tak- 

 ing away air, covering and uncovering, &.C., lo a 

 cucumber frame, during the winter months, is 

 likely to be of regular habits and careful atten- 

 tion, and these qualities go far towards the ensur- 

 ing success in whatever i.5 taken in hand. 



'J'he duties of gardeners in sniuU ])!aces near 

 lirge towns, ore generally very different from 

 those of their brethren, in the country. In the 

 former case, their attention is confined to a few 

 object.5, arjd of course greater excellence is attain- 

 ed ; in. the latter, the gardener lias often the 

 charge of extensive shrubberies, park scenery, 

 and distant plantations ; — and these necessarily 

 tike him away a great part of his time from the 

 kitchen garden, and leave him dependent upon 

 liis assistants. It was the cxpeiisnce of tlie un- 

 certain results connected with this dependence, 

 which led mc to the plan of placing my winter 

 cucumber bed in a vinery, and to munage the 

 vinery and bed in the manner f am now about to 

 c'?3cribe. 



This vinery was forty feet long, sixteen feet 

 broad, twelve feet high at the back, and five feet 

 and a half high in the front, \Yith one fire place, 

 and a- flue v^hich passed round the house. The 

 nir could be admitted both by the top and front 

 lights. 



On or about the 20th of September, cucumber 

 seeds were sown on a moderate hot-bod in the 

 c")cn air, and treated in the usual manner until 

 I'f.ey were ready to ridge out. This generdlly 

 happened about tlie beginning of November, at 

 which time the shoots of the vines v.-ere with- 

 drawn from the house, and a dung bed formed in 

 the floor ia the usual way. After placing the 

 frame and mould en the bed, it niny be left vvilh- 

 cit the lights till the rank steam has passed off. — 

 After this the plants being placed in the hills, end 

 the sashes put on, the following are the le.iding 

 features of management during the v.-inter : — 



Make fires in the evening, .^o ns to warm the air 

 cf the house to from 5(5'' to GO"^, and in very se- 

 vere frosts it may be raided to 70^.' In the morn- 

 i.T»s of the coldest weather, and shortest days, 

 make a strong fire, so as to raise the heat to near- 

 ly 70", when the house is shut up. 



of linings, &.c. &c. admitting of being done in wet 

 weather. 



By tliis practice fruit may be cut in January. — 

 The vine.' may be introduced in the beginning of 

 March, and will break beautifully and regularly in 

 consequence of the genial steam of the dung. In 

 April the shade of the vine leaves will have ren- 

 dered the house too dark for the culture cf tlie 

 cucumber, anij, as by this time cucunibors are 

 plentiful in the common hot beds .out of doors, the 

 bed in the house may be cleared out, ond the vines 

 treated in the usual way till the following Novem- 

 ber. Yours, &.C. J. REED. 



was lately related, in which the bulbs having 

 been eaten by a family, boiled along with pota- 

 toes, proved poisonous ; and a French veterinary 

 journal relates the case of twelve cows, ivhich 

 had been fed with the leaves and seed-vessels, and 

 soon after showed the most alarming symptoms. 

 By the use of strong decoctions of linseod; they 

 were recovered after two or three days. — IJid.Un. 



On the Varieties of CarJoon, and the Methods of 

 cultivating them. Bj Mr Andrew Matthews. 

 The cardoon is not very generally cultivated in 

 Knglish gardens, probably, as Mr Matthews con 

 jectures, because '• it requires more skill in the 

 cooking than is commonly applied to it." It is a 

 good dea' in use in the South of France, as about 

 Tours, where it is used in soups and stows, and 

 sometimes in salads. The sorts described are the 

 common, Spanish, Cardoon of Tours, and Red 

 Cardoon. The Spanish, Mr Mathews, considers 

 the best, and the culture of any of the sorts he 

 slates to be particularly easy. Sow about the 

 middle of April, in deep, light, not over rich soil, 

 in trenches about six inches deep, by twelve inch- 

 es wide, nnd four feet distant centre from centre. 

 Drop three or four seeds together at intervals of 

 eighteen inches, and, when they come up, thin 

 them out to single plants. Water frequently dur- 

 ing surumer ; and, in a dry day about the end of 

 October, commence the operation of blanching, by 

 tying up the leaves with twisted hay bands, after 

 which earth may or may not be heaped round 

 them in the manner of landing celery, according 

 as they are to he used early or during winter. — 

 The common practice is to tic slightly with mat- 

 ting in t'le beginning of October, and earth up 

 once a fortnight, till the plants are sufficiently 

 covered, in the manner of celery. The French 

 mould up the bottom of (he plant a little, then tie 

 up the loaves with packthread, and thatch them 

 with long clem straw, mace fast wiih strong mal- 

 ting, or small ropes. The hay band method is 

 the best. 



Cardoons may be transplanted in the manner of 

 celery, but they are found to do much better when 

 sown where they are to remain. In France the 

 flowers are gathered and dried in the shade, and 

 used instead of rennet to coagulate milk. 



J\IouIdincss in the limber of a house, it is found, 

 may be prevented by washing it over with a weak 

 solution of muriate of mercury. The repair of a 

 church at Potsdam, the timber of which, though 

 quite new, was covered with mould, gave rise lo 

 the discovery. — But. Un. 



o'clock and from that time to half-past nine, give 

 plenty of fresh air, by opening the front sashes 

 end top lights, afier wliich, and during the re- 

 mainder of the day, give plenty of air to the cu- 

 cumbers, by tilling the sashes in the usual way. 



In mild weather and during sunshine the lights 

 may be taken entirely off the cucumbers for some 

 hours each day ; and immediately after forming 

 new linings, the top lights may be left down a lit- 

 tle sU night, to permit the escape of any rank 

 steam. 



Th<! advantage of this mode of grow yig cucum- 

 bers during winter is the comparative certainty of 

 an early and good crop, at one third of the trouble 

 and expense of the common method out af doors 

 The expense is lessened by no covering up being 

 required, and by all the labour attending renewal 



Insalnhrit'j of the neighborhood of dunghi'ts. — A 

 About eight I writer in a French agricultural journal points out, 



Emigration to the Canadas. — Unquestionably, 

 no man who is willing to make the slightest ex- 

 ertion can starve in America. If he will uiider- 

 lake to clear a farm, the means of subsistence are 

 at once secured ; sliould his habits unfit him for 

 such an undertaking, the price of labour is so 

 high, he is sure of lucrative employment in what- 

 ever capacity he chooses to enter the service of a. 

 master. So far the prospects of the emigrants ai-e 

 encouraging and agreeable. 



But let us turn for a moment to the other side 

 of the picture. Let us contemplate the exile seek- 

 ing the portion allotted to him in the wilds of the 

 forest, with the compass for his guide, doomed to 

 endure, in his wretched log hut the rigours of a 

 Canadian wintor, without a human being for rjiany 

 miles round to break his solitude, or assist his la- 

 bours. No village, no shop of any description, 

 no medical advice within his reach, and worse 

 than all, the lonely temnt of the woods is gener- 

 ally remote from any market, where he may dis 

 pose of the hard-earned fruits of his labours. 



Personal A'arrativc of M. de Jloos, 



with great force, the injury done to the atmos- 

 phere, as far as respects the breathing of animals, 

 by the decay of animal and vegetable matter in 

 dunghills, ditches, ponds, wells, and especially in 

 sewers, and the ccss-pool? of water-closets. — 

 Wherever health is an object, he recommends 

 neutralizing the mephitic exhalations which arise 

 from these places, by daily strewing over them, 

 from a drcdgebox, powder of lime, of which a very 

 small quantity is said to have the desired effect. 

 Though there is nothing new in this, yet it af- 

 fords important hints for those who are employed 

 lo arrange the detail of dwelling-houses, and out- 

 of-door-offices ; and also to those who live in con- 

 fined situations — Gard. Mag. 



Cokhicvm. — In the British newspapers a case 



.'jiis'.rnlian Agricullurai and Ilorticuttural Soci- 

 ety, August, 18:2G. — Premiums were cfiercd for 

 various agricultural productions, and for the best 

 treatise en Australian agriculture ; the best treat- 

 ise on Australian gardening ; a treatise on the 

 best and most economical mode of preparing ex- 

 tract of hark from the mimosa, and other trees of 

 the colony; on the best and most economical mode 

 of preparing the potash of commerce from the 

 woods of the colony; and on the best mode of pre- 

 paring the castor oil from the seed of the Ricinus 

 communis. 



The Honorable Alexander M'Leay, F.R.S. &c. 

 formerly Secretary lothe Linmean Society of Lon- 

 don, is the Vice-Patron of this Society, and, among 

 its Committee, we observe the name of Ro'iert 

 Townson, L. L. D. the celebruted author of Trav- 

 els in Hungary. — Colonial Times. 



Australian Agricultural and Horticultural Soci- 

 ety, February, iSQ7 A report was read, by which 



it appears that the crop of wheat was above an 

 average, and the crop of maize promised to be 

 abundant, where it was sown in rich alluvijl soil, 

 but a failure on fresh land. Tobacco is said to 

 be less extensively grown, since the reduction of 

 the duty. The condition of the vineyards is men- 

 tioned as extremely luxuriant. The influence of 

 the turf-club, in encouraging the breed of horses, 

 forms a subject of congratulation, as also the in- 

 creasing numbers, and the improvement in quali- 

 ty, of the breeds of horned cattle. An improve- 

 ment of the quality of wool produced from sheep 

 of the Sa.\on breed is {[Iso noticed. — Col. TincA 



