No. 36— Vol. 6. 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



_— 285 



pass into one another insensibly. The rules adopt- j it not be easily practicable, to obtain in every I soil causes it to r.in much into su.^erraod the 

 od by Sir H. Davy on this subject, will, neverthe- , town, the means of observation, and an individual seeds are of a bad q„;ility, as has h.^.n proved in 

 less, furnish us with convenient landmarks. "The! to whom the keeping of the journal would be a English Napalina, in the island of TririiJ.id, where 

 term sandy soil," says he, -'should never be ap- I pleasure. In the innumerable discussions that the planters nefjlpcteu it, and destroyed the plan- 

 plied to any soil that does not contain at least 7 8 take place, every where, concerning the weather, j tutions before J798. The olive tree perfects its 

 of.sand. Sandy soils that effervesce with acids, ! how very satisfactory it must be, to be able to ap- 1 fruit as far north as the Duchy of Milan. The 

 should be distinguished by the name of calcareous ' penl to some fixed standard, by which one day, ■ city of .Milan is in I it. 4.5, 28 norln, the medium 



sandy soils, to distinguish thein from those that one week, one month, or one season, might be J cold temperature of its climate is not known 



are siliceous. The term clayey soil, should not be compared with another. This would be substitu- 1 This is the coldest climate in which the olive tree 

 applied to any land which contains less than 1-6 ting facts for vague conjecture ; and would tend, ' is cultivated in Europe. It is not undeistood in 

 of impalpable earthy matter, not considerably ef- more than almost any thing else, to convince men what degree of cold the plant will bear ; perhaps 

 fervescing with acids. Tlie word loam should be that neither the moon, nor comets, nor shooting no greater than 17 degrees, at which the sap of 

 limited to soils containing at least one-third of im- stars, nor eclipses, are the principal causes of the tree begins to c^igeal. The olive would be 



palpable earthy matiers, copiously effervescing change in the weather, 



with acids. A soil to be considered as poaty, I (Concluded next week.) 



ought to contain at least one -half of vegetable 



matter." | SWAMP MUCK, SUGAR BEET, & 



valuable in Georgia : the young plants should be 

 imported by the t'lvernment, as it would be too 

 e.xtensive for privi.ie adventure. The seeds will 

 not germinate until 'hey have passed through the 



Suppose the experiment relate to the. application I [Extract of a letter from a conespomlent in Caiskill, N Y.io digestive process in the stomach of the turkey 

 of manures. To judge of their effect, we should thr Editor of the New England Farmer.] which divests them of their oil, and fits them for 



know the nature of the soil; the season of the Sir, — I was much pleased with the remarks of production. It is snid that by mashing the skin 

 year in which they were .applied ; the state of a brother yankee, at the east, on the subject of .-md flesh of the fruit, and digesting them in a so- 

 the weather at the time; whether wet or dry; swamp muck as a manure, in the 30th No. page lution of alkali, answers the purpose. The great- 

 cold, or warm ; clear, or cloudy ; whether decom- ~'^8, of the present volume of the N. E. Farmer, er palm, or date tree, the fruit of which is greatly 

 position is just begun, or has prO( eeded far; lam inclined to think that the muck he alluded valued as food for man in noitliern Africa, Arabia 

 whether spread uniformly over the surface, or j to, is different from the muck in these parts. That and Persia, would probably answer a similar pur- 

 otherwise : whether ploughed in immediately, or I which is obtained in swamps here, when removed pose in most part^ of Georgia ; but we have no 



not ; and the state of the weather subsequently. 



In the paring and burning of lands — processes 

 but seldom attempted among us — the character of 

 the soil is a circumstance of prime importance ; 



whether recently brought under cultivation 



whether sandy, clayey, mossy, or peaty ; whether 

 naturally wet and cold, or warm and dry ; wheth- 

 er drained previously to the operation : the state 

 of the weather at th« time, and subsequently, &c. 

 Similar particulars should be noticed in fallow- 

 ing. 



Suppose the process to be transplanting. Most 

 obviously a minute account of the soil whence the 

 plant was taken, and of that into which it is intro- 

 duced, is requisite. Also the stale of the weath- 

 er ; the relative situation of the plant, in regard 

 to the meridian ; its subsequent treatment, and the 

 like. In engrafting and innoculating, besides the 

 state of the weather, and the mode of performing 

 the operation, we should state the age of the stock, 

 and of the tree from which the scion or bud is 

 taken. 



In irrigation, not only the nature of the soil to 

 be watered, and its previous state should be ffiien, 

 but also the character of the water brought over 

 it; whether from a river, or a pond ; a lake, or 

 the ocean ; and the character of the rocks and 

 soils in their beds. 



But not to dwell upon particular cases ; I re- 

 mark that there are certain circumstances of a 

 collateral and more general character, that seem 

 necessary to be made known, to enable us to judge 

 correctly of an iigricultural experiment. The 

 most important of these relate to the state of the 

 wind, the weather, and the temperature through 

 the season. So important is tho bearing of these 

 circumstances upon the vegetable kingdom, that 

 it is impossilile we should rightly estimate the re- 

 sult of an experiment upon the productions of the 

 soil, unless a meteorological journal, more or less 

 perfect, accompany the result. One regi.-ter of 

 this kind might i.'enerally serve for a to vn ; and 

 how great would be the benefits of keeping one 

 in each town, not merely to the interests of agri- 

 cultuie, but also to those of science ! And since 

 the state of the weather is a subject so deeply in- 

 teresting to every class of the community, would 



to upland, becomes dry and crumbles fine. From information of th^ degree of cold it will bear 



a small trial of its utility five years since, I have The sugar cane perfects its sacch irine maturity 

 found from that time to this, that its effects were in Georgia as far north as Milledgeville, in lat. 3.3, 

 visible in the improvement of grass. The muck and perhaps further. The season for manufactur- 

 was put on the top of a hill, (composed of yellow ing the sugar is so short, that it has not been at- 

 loam) in the fall previous to sowing a crop of win- tempted as a crop, except on the sea board. In 

 ter rye. The following summer it was evident at the West Indies, the succhiiriiie maturity of the 

 a distance where the muck was spread, by the fer- sugar cane is perfected by the long season of dry 

 tility of the crop. This experiment gave entire weather ; in Louisiana, Florida, and Georgia, it 

 satisfaction, which led me to feel that my farm is perfected by the cold weather of autumn and 

 had within itself a competency to fertilize every winter; when che cold is enough to freeze the 

 part, when the different parts were applied on cane, it renders the juice unfit to make su?ar or 

 each other. The muck, spread on upland, either syrup The shea tree, from which the Africans 

 before a crop of grain or grass in the fall, and obtain an e.xcellf nt butter, as we are informed by 

 the loam, spread on the low land, I have supposed Barke, and by the Africans themselves, would pro- 

 were valuable manures, though capable of much bably be valuable in some of our warmer climates, 

 improvement by addition of lime, ashes, or mixing If some of our n itional ships would procure, whsn 

 with barn-yard manure. I had intended to have on that coast, a few of the pl.ints of shea-butter 

 made a more thorough trial of it, but a variety of tree, it would be pleasant to our industrious house 

 causes have prevented. This season i intend to wives to have an annual crop of butter from the 

 make such trials as to be able to give a more full orchard of fruit trees, 

 account of it in future. 



With regard to the sugar beet, I am fully of the 

 opinion of .Mr. Prince, "that it is a more valuable 

 root than the mangel wurtrel." 1st. As to its nu 



(from the New York Farmer.) 

 Sir. — In your paper of the 17th inst. I noticed a 

 communication from Mr. Floy, rehitive to certian 



tritive qualities, it is altogether before the man?ol "•e'n^'fks contained in my publication, touching 

 wurtzel, for stock. 2d. It is fully equal in quanti- synonyms in fruits, part of which he supposes is 

 ty as a crop only. For winter use, it is much less "" oblique hit at him ; and he seeks to show that 

 liable to decay. I was pleased with Mr. Prince's ''^ ^as not committed the supposed error. I have 

 remarks on the sugar beet, as I know them to be °"'y '° ^"y- 'I'''*' '"y remarks were general, and I 



\y fj was not previously aware thiit he vv.is th'' person 



who had given the nnme referred to. As Mr. F. 



seems to accord with me, as to the impropriety of 



e-christening fruit, I accede that if his now vari- 



it any name 



correct from exoerience. 



CLIMATE. 



The climates of several countries are known to 

 change. In England, the climates have become [ety is distinct, he had a light to gi 

 temperate ; and in Charleston, [S. C] it is other- he thought proper. I have not seen differences, 

 wise — the sweet orange was once a common iu- whicli 1 deem sufficient for that purpose, and have 

 habitant near Charleston ; the climate becoming found Diiers of the same opinion. It appears the 

 colder, the orange has removed further south, ex- investigations of the Horticultural Society of Lon- 

 cept the very sheltered situations. The precise doii hive caused them to come to the same con- 

 ilegree of cold that the sweet orange tree will ' elusion ; for by reference to their catalogue of 

 bear, is not known — perhaps not much below 30' 1836. it will be seen that they have arranged the 

 degrees, if of long continuance ; the sour orange i Emperor of Russia, (the serrated, and the unique) 

 is more hardy, and the citron and lime are less so. as synonyms for the same peach. It now rests 

 The coftee tree, probably, will not bear a degree ( with the public, to test their qualities, an.! decide 

 of cold equal to 41, which produced white frost, i whether they are sufficiently distinct to be call 

 The plant delights in a hilly country, a level rich I by different names. W.M. PR'NCE. 



