S7U 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



June 13, 1826. 



oli.nis, tliat 1 have lliiis obtained, possess much of 

 the character of the apple, whilst tliey vegetate 

 as the crab of Siberia, and possess at least an 

 equal power of bearing cold ; and I possess two 

 plants of this family, which are quite as hardy as 

 the most austere crab of our woods, and are, I 

 think, capable of affording cider of a much 

 greater merit than any which has yet existed. — 

 These plants appear also to have inherited the 

 powers of the Siberian crab tree in bearing an 

 annual succession of crops, during many years 

 without being exhausted or vveaUencd. 



The Siberian crab, which has been introduced 

 into the t'ardens of this country affords a some- 

 what remarkable instance of the power, which 

 plants possess, of adapting their habits to the cli- 

 mate in which accident or the industry of man 

 has placed them. In the climate of Siberia, the 

 change of seasons is e.xtremely rupid, and summer 

 almost instantly succeeds the solution of its snows. 



From the habits the crab has there acquired,its seeds MAKING BUTTER. 



are very apt to mistake the termination of a frost in ^^^ Fessenden,-! have observed several su„ 

 the end of Jan. for the commencement of .^P^"'"!?. ( j^,,^ i„ „„ t^^ ,„l,ject of making 



«ndto e.xpose themselves to almost certain d«s- 1 -^.^j^^.^^^^j*^^^ ; i^^ i„ y„„r paper of the 30th 

 »ruction, by vegetating at that seasoti For this , ^^^^ ^^^. ^^^^ ^^^^^^ of fetching butter quick. I am a 

 .eason, they should always be planted in pots or , ^^^^^_ ^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^^ .^ ^^„^^ attention 



boxes of mould ready to be removed into a place ^- ^^^^ .^ -^^^^ ,^„ ,,e of „se to 



of shelter. Tne seeds of the English crab, whch .^^.^^ib^rs, they are at your service : And, 



differs from the Siberian only in having ^^^apted , •' ^^^ ^^^^^ ^j^^^^j^ ^^ .^^ ^^^^ condition, and 

 Its habits to a different climate, trust themselves -'^^^^^ ^.^^^^ ^^^^ re^ularln salted at least once a iceek. 

 'Vith more 



FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. siiiall paiies of glass. This affords too stinted n 



„ „ „,-, 1 portion of air. If your glass is small, you want a 



PRESERVATION OF POTATOS. I twenty-four lighted window at least to the milk 



At this time of the year, potatos put out shoots | ^.^^^^^ ^^j^,, ^y^^^^ ,„ exclude the sun. If two such 

 freely and if they are picked off, they will requu-e to ! „.j„do.jvs, go situated as to afford a draught of air 

 have the same operation repeated in seven or ! jj^^ hettey. But s'tint yoiu- milk room of air, and 

 eight days after, if the weather be warm. j^^^^ ^ ^^ ^^^3^^ ^^^ covered tight, to exclude the 



To prevent this, take your shovel, and shovel ^^^^ ^^^^ y^^^. ,3^,^^^ ^j,, ^^ ^^.j^-^^ ^^^ f^^^^^ ^^ 

 the potatoes out of the bin in the cellar on to the , ^jj^^ ^^-^^ ^ ,^j^„ ^^.,,51^ po„ii„g_ 

 floor, and leave them there for a week. Then' 

 shovel them back agaui, to be about a week lon- 

 ger, when the same process may be repeated — 

 Continue these operations till the season is 

 over. If the sprouts are broken off, according to 

 the usual practice, the potatos inunediately send 

 forth fresh shoots, which exhausts the nutriment, 



and destroys the value of the root. 



AN IRISHMAN 



FOB THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



kept and regularly i 



y should then be reg 



", quite clean at evei^ mess 



apparent caution to th» changes ot our ^,'^^__,j ^,^^^^ ,^^ regularly milked, and milked 



unsteady seasons, and do not vogetatetiU the J^ ^,^^_^ ^, ^^.^,^, ^^^^^ ^,,^ stripph.gs being 



spring IS a good deal more advanced. The crab ^^^^ ^.^j^^^^ ^^ ^j^^ ^^^.j^_ .pj^^^.^ ^,^„^,ij ^1,^^ 



of Siberia, also accustomed to the short, but warm , ^^^ ^ ^^^.^^ attention to neatness and regularity in 

 summers of that country advances rapidly to ma- . ,„,,, „ent part of the process. The milk 



turity ; whilst the long, thougli cool and shadowy 



should be set in a room which can be constantly 



summers of England, appear to have taught our ^_^^^^^^^^^^ ^^.„j „;,. A want of attention to 



native crab that there is no occasion for so ""'c'v ,,^5, ,„,( p„,,ieular, is the great defect in the con- 

 expedition. The offspiing of each would Probably | ^^^.^^^^.^^_^' ^^^^ attention to our dairies and piilfc? 



tetain their acquired habits during several gener- 

 ations, into v,/hatever climate they might be in 

 troduoed. 



rooms. The cream should be regularly gathered 

 fiom the milk without being suffered to stand 



A LOVER OF GOOD BUTTER. 



Onondaga, Co. JV. F. June 5, ISW. 



FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



FRUIT TREES. 

 Mr Fessenden. — I believe it is admitted bj 

 most horticulturists that when they have a north- 

 ern aspect or exposition, they are more produc- 

 tive and regular in their bearing, than in any oth- 

 er, particularly an exposition to the sim. With 

 respect to the cause or causes of this difference, it 

 appears, they are not so well agreed, some attrib- 

 ute it to the circumstance of their putting forth 

 their flowers later in the season, thereby escaping 

 the frosts : and others to a supposed influence of 

 the wind in preventing frosts from lighting on 

 trees in that exposure. But it requires but little 

 observation to discover, that they light on fruit 

 trees and other plants, as well in a northern expo- 

 sition as in a southern : they rarely, however, 

 prove destructive in that situation ; whereas, thej 

 rarely prove mnocent in this. 



The plant, like the animal, when it has been ex- 

 posed to a low temperature, becomes highly sen- 

 sible to tlie impressions of heat ; and with great 

 deference to the opinions of other.?, I conceive it 

 is not so much the frost alone, that is so noxious 

 to vegetable life, as it is the abrupt iransiiion from 

 piilbV cold to heat — the exposition of tender plants and 

 flowers of fruit trees, chiUed with frost, to the un- 

 mitigated heat of the sun as soon as it rises above 

 the horizon ; for if the mrrning, immediately suc- 

 ceeding a frost, be cold, or the sun obscured by 



upon It 

 MAKING BUTTER. It does not in my opinion improve the butter to 



Mr Fessexden,— In Number 45 of the present ; have the milk sour before the cream is gathered ; clouds, or fog, the injurious i iflueiice of the sim is 

 vol of your paper,' J. D. Dorring states that many ; but at this season of the year, it can hardly be counteracted or excluded ; tlu- change of tempe 

 of his ueicrhbors cannot get butter from then- ' prevented. It should, however, never be suflered j rature is rendered less abrupt 



:'.nd it ha.s been re- 

 marked that tender plants and the flowers of fruit 

 trees sustain no harm. These nieans of preserva- 

 tion against the ill effects of frosts, are embraced 

 in a northern exposure, a situation <-iosed against 



cream after churning a whole day. In inv boy- ! to stand until the miUv curdles. When the cream 

 hood I have had to churn a whole Jay and half a j is gathered, it should be set in an open vessel, 

 !ii"-ht and not get butter. Since I have had a ; where the air can have free access to its surface ; 

 ■lalry'it has sometimes happened so, but for vears : and during the time that the cream is gathering 



past we have no more difficulty in getting butter for a churning of butter, it should have a stick or the morning sun, and open to the adimssion of the 

 m winter than in summer. The reason of butter j spoon kept in the vessel, where the cream is— by | chill air or winds of the north, as the northern de- 

 not commg, is cold— and in that case it will be- which the cream sjiould be stirred at least a hall j chvity of a hill or mountain— a situation bounded 

 come frothy, and when so, if it ever makes butter a dozen times a <fiiy, enough to mix it up well 

 it will not be of a good qualitv. My wife's method and bring a new portion of it to the air— and it 

 is, to set the vessefs in whichthe cream is collect- should stand before the window of the milkjoom, 

 ed, near the fire a w bile before it is put into the 

 churn, and frequently stir it a little, and turn the 

 vessels that it may bo warmed equally, till it is as 

 warm as cream in the summer, as near as she can 

 judge — and before putting it into the churn, that 

 is scalded with scalding water. When the churn- 

 ing commences, it is done moderately, and if there 

 is any frothy appearance, then warm water is put 

 in, the churn put near the fire, and occasionally 

 turned till the temperature is altered, and the 

 ehurning is finished, which is generally in a short 

 ' time. If a dash chum is used, set it into a tub of 

 hot water, and frequently move the dash a Httle, 

 ro mix the warm and cold cream till it is of a sui- 

 table warmth wliicli an observing person will sooji 

 determine by practice. L. PETERS. 



liksrborov'<^h, June P, 1818. 



or 111 some other, the most airy position afforded 

 by the room. When you have gathered a mess, 

 for this season of the year, fill your churn over 

 night with cold water, and empty it in the morn- 

 ing. Put in your cream and churn it with a re- 

 iiiar, steady, and not too rapid motion. It will 



near on the south by a wood, and clear and open 

 on the north and west. The north side of an or- 

 chard — .ind indeed the north side of a tree. 



A few days since, I heard two gentlemen, arK 

 vanced in age, and of extensive observation, 

 speaking upon this subject ; one of whom observ- 

 ed that he had an orchard, that bore generally 

 very well on the north side, but was frequently 

 unproductive on the south, and tliat he had notic- 



generally come, in from ten to twenty minutes ^j ^j^^ gjj,^^g ,yj{jj respect to many otiier orchards; 

 and when fetched it needs no coloring matter. j ^^^ ^j^^ other spoke of an apple tree in his gar- 



I know that women say flies will get in t'le j jg^^ |||j^| j-j^^. jj^^jjy ygj,,.^ |,j^f| }jo,.^g o,j ti,g n^rlh 

 cream if left uncovered- let them get in, and I>ick|gjj|^^ .^,^^1 ^^j „„ the'south. 

 them out, rather than cover up the vessel contain- ' 

 ing the cream.* 



The windows to millk rooms in many houses, 

 are not sufliciently large, with from four to eight 



• PcrLaps a covering of millinet, gauze, or other li^hl and 

 porous substance, or a lid prepared witli small holes,, miglu ad- 

 mil air auJ exclude flies— Editor. 



From many years' observation,! am induced to 

 beUeve that frosts are less destructive in new 

 countries than in old improved ones ; and if the 

 real fact be according to this impression, I should 

 not hesitate to ascribe it to the comparative chill- 

 ness of the morning in a new country, from a hu- 



