21 



NEV/ ExNGLAND FARMER. 



JtJI,Y 30, 1834. 



MISCELLANY. 



TO MY WIPE. 



rn.i.ow lliy head upon this hearl 



Rlv own, my cherished wife ; 

 And let us for one hour forget 



Our dreary path of hfe; 

 Then let me kiss Ihy tear away 



And bid remembrance flee 

 Back to the days of halcyon youth, 



When all was hope and glee. 

 Fair was the early promise, love, 



Of our joy-freighted barque; 

 Sunlit and lustrous too. the skies, 



Now all so tfun and dark ; 

 Over a stormy sea, dear wife, 



\Vc drive with shattered sail. 

 But love sits smiling at the helm. 



And mocks the threat'nuig gale. 

 Come, let me part those clustering curls, 



And gaze upon thy brow — 

 How many many memories 



Sweep o'er niy spirit now ? 

 How much of happiness and grief- 

 How much of hope and fear. 

 Breathes from each dear loved lineament 



Most eloquently here. 

 Thou gentle one, few joys remain 



To cheer our lonely lot. 

 The storm has left our paradise 



With but one sunny spot ; 

 Hallow'd forc'erwill be that place 

 To hearts like thine and mine— 

 'Tis where our childish hands upreared 



Aflection's earliest shrine. 

 Then nestle closer to this breast. 



My fond and faithful dove I 

 Where, if not here, should be the ark 



Of refuge for thy love ; 

 The poor man's blessings and his curse 



Pertain alike to me. 

 For shorn of worldly wealth dear wife, 

 Am I not rich in thee ? 



From the Boston Medical and Surgical Jmnuil. 

 MINUTE OBSERVATION IN NATURAL HIS- 

 TORY. 



The importance of tiiiiiute observalion in. subjects 

 pertaining to nattiral history is vvtll exemplifieil in 

 some researches rccoiilly made hy Dr. Biiclilanf], in 

 England, and noticed liy SirCharlcs Bell. Among 

 tlie curiosities in the county of Yorkshire, are 

 caves liollowed out in the limestone rock of great 

 extent, in which are found the hones of n great 

 variety of animals ; tlie hones of the eloi)haiit, of 

 the rliinoccros, of tlie ox, of the deer ; tlie hones of 

 carnivorous animals with immense teeth ; tlie bones 

 of the tiger, of hears, of wolves, and of birds, and 

 so on to the lesser tribes, even to rats and mice. 

 It has been therefore a subject of much spectilation 

 how animals, naturally hostile, should have herded 

 together in tliese caves, or in what manner they 

 could have been brought together. Dr. Buckland 

 found at the bottom of the cave, gravel and loam 

 deposited in such a manner as to correspond witii 

 the alluvial deposites in the parts of the country in 

 which they occur, and that the cave has been 

 closed up by the last great inimdation of water. 

 On the threshold of the cave were certain bones, 

 smooth on one surface. Among them was the 

 the tooth of M elephant, placed in a certain way, 

 so as to be fixed and stationary on the ground, 

 and a part of it sinoothened, as if done by the fre- 

 quent passage, tho ingress and egress of an animal. 

 The next circumstance noticed was that the bones 



were broken, willintit presenting any marks of th:\t 

 sort of attrition which they would experience in 

 the running water of a tide or stream : the frac- 

 ture was sharp without polish. A portion of the 

 hone being placed in acid, i)hosphate and carbo- 

 nate of lime were removed, and animal jelly re- 

 mained. This is not what takes place in a fossil 

 bone; for in that the animal matter is removed, 

 and another matter is infiltrateil, lime or mineral, 

 into the cavities which are intermediate between 

 the portions of hone. The inference, therefore, 

 was that it was not a fossil bone, and that no 

 grand revolution of the earth has taken place since 

 it was there deposited, or there broken. 



The next thitig discovered was an enormous 

 rpiantity ofHyena.s' teeth, not less than 300cuspa- 

 diti or canine teeth having been discovered which 

 from their size implied extrttordinary strength in 

 tlie molares and in the jaw. There were next 

 found small round nodules of matter in the cave, 

 the nature of which was not at first obvious, but 

 which when analysed appeared to consist of phos- 

 phate of lime. Dr. Buckland showed ihem to a 

 keeper of wild beasts, who at once recognised 

 lliem as the feculent deposit of the hyena. lie 

 then compared the condition of the hyena as now 

 nown and described by travellers, with the facts 

 apparently disclosed in the cave, and found that 

 within the dens of living hyenas these broken 

 bones are to be seen, and that there are also frag- 

 ments scattered around the dens. This last cir- 

 cumstance, however, could not well have taken 

 place in the caves of Yorkshire, for the waters 

 which ))assed over the surface must have buried 

 all fragments in the loam or gravel. Every thing 

 else is (bund there in the same state as in the den 

 of the animal as it now lives in other climates. 



By all these circumstances. Dr. B. satisfied him- 

 self that those caves did not contain the remains 

 of a collection of animals uiiieli took shelter there, 

 while they were alive, but that the caves were the 

 home of the hyena, and that the bones of the an- 

 imals found there, many of which were of such a 

 size that they could not liiive reached such a lurk- 

 ing place of theiiiselveg, were brought thither by 

 the hyena ; and he found a confirmation of this 

 view in the manner in which the bones were brok- 

 en and the marrow taken out. In order to test 

 this matter still further, he took a large bone of 

 an ox and gave it to a hyena, and set himself to 

 observe the niiinner in wdiich. the animal gnawed 

 the end of it, broke the central part, and licked out 

 the marrow ; he then compared the bone which 

 had been so treated with those fotind in the cave, 

 and th(;y corresponded exactly. Thus by com- 

 mencing with the facts disclosed in the form of 

 the teeth, and following up with careful induction, 

 the chain of evidence, he was enabled to solve 

 satisfactorily an appearance which but for his sa- 

 gacity might forever have reinainetl inexplicable. 



after, it was found so completely incru.sted that 

 it was at first thought to be converted into cop- 

 per. This accident suggested the advantage of 

 laying bars of iron in the streams, by means of 

 which the copper in the water was ))recipilated 

 upon the iron, which became corroded by the pro- 

 cess, and fell to the bottom as a reddish mud, and 

 which on being taken out and dried, appeared a 

 sort of dust of the same color, in which state it 

 was ready for smelting. About 500 tons of iron 

 were laid at one time in these pits; in about 

 twelve months the bars become dissolved ; one ton 

 of iron yielding a ton and a half, and sometimes 

 nearly two tons of the metalliferous preci|iitat«, 

 and each ton of the latter |irodueing 16 cwt. of 

 pure copper. It is a knowledge of thisaflinity b«- 

 tween the two metals that has furnished the min- 

 ers with a very simple hut almost infallible meth- 

 od of ascertaining whether the ore contains cop- 

 per. They drop a little nitric acid upon the nines, 

 and after a while dip a feather into the acid and 

 draw it over the polished blade of a knife ; and if 

 there be the smallest quantity of copper present, 

 it will be precipitated on the stee\.—Lardner's 

 Cyclopedia. 



SHREWD INTERPRETATION. 



A Gf.rma.n Prince having in a dream seen three 

 rats, one fat, the other lean, and the third blind, 

 sent for a celebrated Bohemian Gipsey and de- 

 manded an explanation. " The fat rat" said the 

 sorceress " is your prime minister — the lean rat 

 yotir people — and the blind rat yourself." 



VAL.UAB1.E NEW WORK ON AGRICU1.TURE. 



This dav Published, by Geo. C. Barritt, at the Oflic« of 

 the N E Farmer, — 'J'hc 

 COMPLETE FARMER and RURAL ECONOMIST, 



By 'i'HOS. G. FtSSliNDEN, Esq. 



Containing a compendious epitome of the most importenl 

 branches of . Agriculture and Rural Economy, and the following 

 subjects arranged in order : 

 Soils Wheat, Beans, Mangel WuUmI, 



Grasses, Rye, Swine, Ruta Baga, 



Grain Oats, Lime &. Gypsum, Potatoes, 



Neat Cattle, Barley, Fences, Haymaking, 



Barns, Millet, Hedges, Ploughing, 



Dairy Hops, Sheep, Pi.ullry, 



Hemp, Peas, Horses, Wood: 



and to which is added— Descriptions of the most appro»ed Im- 

 plements and Machines, with Engravings. 



The work is piinted on the best ol paper, and is intended Rjr 

 a Farmer's Directory, which every farmer should be possessed 

 of, and relying upon an extensive sale will be afl'urded a^ the 

 low price of Si. J*^-*^ 



THE COPPER SPRINGS 



— In the county of Wicklow in Ireland, owed the 

 discovery of their valuable (juality to the following 

 circumstance. About the middle of the eigh- 

 teenth century, when the ojiening of the rich 

 mines of Crone-bawn, had compensated the loss 

 of the more ancient workings of Ballymurtagh, a 

 workman happened to leave an iron shovel in one 

 of the levels from the former mine, by which is- 

 sued a copious stream strongly impregnated with 

 copper ; on taking out the implement some weeks 



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