NMW EMCJLrANB FARMER, 



jeUliUSHEU BV GEO. C. aARRET T^O. 5a, NORTH MA RKKT STREET, (ATVH7AoK.c»,,T«P.A,/w.HKHousK0-Tr^r^"sE^^^E^mTOii: 



VOL. xm. 



JJOSTON, WEONESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 13, 1834. 



COMMUNICATIONS. 



NO. S. 



Per tliL' AVir En'_rt'-tiid Fanner. 

 MANAGEMENT OP FOKMEK FROM CORN. 



Mr. Fessekden — Sir, WlrHii flit; Spnctiitnr lind 

 an extensive circiiliition in Engljiml, Mr. Alrlis(m 

 l>y iissniiiinj^ tlie rliaractor of the Grnenil Inspect- 

 or of Mior;ils, seemed to leei liiinself olliciMliy aii- 

 tlioiizeii to nntieo e.very oceurrcnee interestin;,' to 

 Iiis fellow eitizens, to censure or iipiiland iis cir- 

 tnnistances rer|Mired. To TeW indiviiluaJs the 

 Uritish nation is so ninch indebted us to tiie Spec- 

 tator. 



Yonr weekly paper, I presnnie, is at least as 

 well calenlate<l to correct errors in afjricnltnre as 

 the Spectator was to restrain and correct ohiiipiiiy 

 in inorals. 



Knowinj^ niany fanners and some of your con- 

 stant readers, strangely and nnacconntahly vv:iste, 

 absohUely lose, a valiiahlo part of their annual pro- 

 <2uce, I think the New England Fanner ou;;lit to 

 convince them of the loss they sustain, hahitnally, 

 t'ither llir<ntj;ii ignorance or negligence. I refer 

 to the inauagement of fodder from corn. 



lii this viciinty a large proportion of top-stalks 

 are nearly ruined liy storms before they are taken 

 from the field. They are worth little hut for nja- 

 niire. Two good sunny days, prepare this valua- 

 ble, this precious food for shelter; if the bnndlcs 

 are not largi^, and if hoiiml near the top, they will 

 not mould standing, unless pressed closely together. 

 A greater, much greater loss is sustained in 

 butt-stalks ; some farmers of quite resfrt-ctalde 

 standing, let tojis ami tons of this gqod fodder rot 

 ill heaps to be troilden tiirough the winter, and 

 thrown into the barn-yard in the spring. 



My firm is small; [ plant about an acre of corn, 

 and that corn with the straw m- coarse bay I mix 

 wiili the butt-stalks, yields nearly or (julte one 

 ball" the support of three cows through the winter. 

 The little gniin I raise is threshed before my corn 

 comes ill. Directly after husking, three fourths of 

 my barn floor is covered as follows: First, a layer 

 of straw or hay two inches thick when pressed, 

 then as thick a layer of biitt-stalks, on these I 

 tlirow as much salt as I think the cows will relisli, 

 thus raising my stalk with straw and stacks alter- 

 nately, always salting the stalks, till the floor is 

 filled to the to[i of the great doors. 



A little mould gives additional value to the 

 stalks, the cows carefully select those which ap- 

 pear a little damaged. The straw or hay of the 

 stack, absorbs the inoistiu-e of the stalks, and is 

 thereby rendered [lalatable and nutritive. 



Altera fiddering of hay in the morning, my cows 

 depend on the stack till night, being fed from it 

 once in the morning and once at noon, in the bam 

 if stormy, in the rack if fair, flly stack is thus 

 used till the niiildle of April, and few cows in the 

 neighborliooil look so well as n)ine when turned 

 to pasture. This stack saves nearlij half the hay I 

 iiinst spend without it, of the tuauure it gives ine 

 your readers will judge. 



Farmers on a large scale have full barns with- 

 out this stack. They must have the barn floor in 

 winter for threshing out and winnowing what 

 grain tlie colony of rats and mice have not des- 

 troyed. True ! But such a stack as mine might 

 Reformed near the barn-yard, and its value as fod- 



der be greater or less, according to its dimensions. 

 J^nme persons known to me I deliberately and firm- 

 ly believe, by neglecting this part of their rich an- 

 nual produce, actually lose yearly good and pleas- 

 ant food enongli to keep ten coivs in a healthy anil 

 thriving condition through the winter. 



Se>ex. 



From the Genesee Ftirmer. 

 POTATOES AND INDIAN CORN. 



Ox passing a well cultivated farm two or three 

 days ago, I observed in a potato field, that the 

 earth bad been drawn up into hills nearly one foot 

 high and somewhat conical around the stems ; and 

 I doubted if that labor bad been well directed. It 

 is now twenty-five yearssiuce I had a patch of po- 

 tatoes which we had commenced hoeing in dry 

 weather. A neighbor mildly remonstrated with 

 me against our proceedings, and said that potatoes 

 hoed in dnj iveuthe.r generallij yield a poor crop. I 

 had not duly considered the subject, but 1 took 

 his advice, waiting until we had a rain before we 

 hoed the remainder, and the difTerence in the 

 products of the two (larcels was jis great as lie had 

 predicted, — certainly more than three to one in 

 favor of hoeing when tlie ground was well moist- 

 ened. It was not so v.-et, however, as to be mud- 

 dy. The cause of this result was, that the leaves 

 of the potato shed the rain, and turn it from the 

 bill, perhaps more tlian any other vegetable which 

 we cultivate; and if the hills be made high and 

 .iharp, and once become dry, a moderate shower 

 of rain, will rarely penetrate to the roots. 



From the Maine Farmer. 

 RAISING CREAM BY HEAT. 



I AM inclined to think that a comniuuicntion on 

 the mode of raising cream by lieat, for dairy pur- 

 poses may be of service. 



There are two important points gained in the 

 making of butter with the cream (irepared in this 

 way, viz : — Economy of time, and an increased 

 (|uaniity of butter from the cream jirepared in ibis 

 way. Fewer pans are needed, and of course few- 

 er to buy and wash, wdiile the time saved in clinrn- 

 ing is very remarkable. — I think from the exfieri- 

 eiice that I have bad from iny own cows, there is 

 a gain of about 25 per cent, of butter. The pro- 

 cess w simple. — Pans of a proper size will bold 

 about a pailful ; those I have, are made of zinc, 

 being more durable and not much more expensive. 

 When the cows are milked, the milk is strained 

 into the pan or pans and allowed to stand 12 

 lioiire. The pan is then placed upon an iron 

 frame, over well burnt coals, where it must he 

 carefully watched, and on the apjiearance of the 

 FIRST EUECLE, taken ofT the fire ; and after stand- 

 ing twelve or fourteen hours, according to the 

 weather, the cream may be taken ofi", and then 

 if suflicient cream is collected, churned. 



When the butter is formed, the butter-milk is 

 drained oft' — cold water is put into the churn — 

 worked well with the dasher — and renewed until 

 it comes out clean. By this process the hand is 

 but little used. 



. B. The surest way of discovering the first 

 bubble is, when the cream is well risen, to oi)eu 

 the cream or pass a pin through it in the middle 

 of the pan, and the first bubble that appears there, 



will indicate the proper time to remove it from the 

 fi''^' Yonr oh't servant 



Cha's Vaughan. 



From the Genesee Farmer. 

 MANAGEMENT OP tlGHT SOILS. 



In a foi^ier communication I treated of the 

 management of clay soils, and in this I shall con- 

 fine my remarks chiefly to those of which sand and 

 gravel are the principal component parts. 



The best soils are generally of a dark color 

 with a due [iroportion of sand, calcareous earth 

 and clay ; and it is the business of the farmer, and 

 liap|iily in his |iower by judicious management to 

 preserve its fertility, or if cither of those ingredi- 

 ents be in too large or in too small a proportion, in 

 some measure to correct the evil. 



In the management of clay soils, the great ob- 

 ject should be to render tlieiii more friable ; but in 

 the treatment of soils not sufliciently adhesive the 

 efforts of the fiirmer should he directed to render- 

 ing them more so. This is to be attained by the ap- 

 plication of clay, marl, leached ashes or swamp 

 mud, and by ploughing when the ground is wet. 



It is often found that sandy soils rest on clay, 

 so near the surface that deep ploughing will bring 

 up some of it. Where this is the case, the farmer 

 may gain two benefits by one operation. Two 

 inches of clay turned up and mixed with the sur- 

 face soil, will be equal to a dressing of manure, 

 and every inch gained in depth, furnishes so much 

 additional room for the roots of plants to search 

 tor ibod. If however, clay is not within reach of 

 the plough, the skilful farmer will find a substitute 

 in the scouring of ditches, or some of the substan- 

 ces above named. Green crops ploughed in , have 

 been found very great improvers of such soils. 



In the management of light soils, I should not, 

 recommend fall or winter ploughing, unless it be 

 with a view to destroy worms, for the ojieration 

 of frost is most certainly to destroy tenacity ; but I 

 would recoiiimeiid ploughiug deep in all soils. 



It is ascertained that a due proportion of lime 

 in the soil, is essential to the production of good 

 wheat, and where this is lacking, the enlightened 

 firmer will endeavor to ascertain whether the de- 

 ficiency can be supplied without an expense dis- 

 proportioned to the benefits. In Norfolk, Eng- 

 land, anil in Pennsylvania, lime has been found 

 very beneficial on sandy soils. In Western New 

 York, where it can be obtained at a reasonable 

 price, it would be worth while to make the exper- 

 inieiit on a small scale. Ontario. 



BONE MANURE. 



This most valuable article is now sufficiently 

 known to be in very great rcrpiest by the. farmers. 

 The mill of Mr. Ogden at Red-Hook, has been at 

 limes unable to supply the demand. The mill of 

 fllr. Hornby in New York, has 10,000 bushels on 

 hand, which can be obtained of Mr. Childs, 63 Ful- 

 ton street, Brooklyn, who informs us that the accii- 

 iinilation of bones in N.York is such, that 800 tons 

 will be sent off in a few days, to manure the soil of 

 Great Britain. Exportation of bones to England is 

 no new thing, but we hope an increasing knowl- 

 edge of their value will create a brisk demand at 

 home. — Long Island embraces 925,000 acres, of 

 which 587,695 are yet unimproved. — L. I. Star. 



