228 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER, 



JANUARY as, 1835. 



TRANSPIi ANTING 



Transplnnting is the cliiingiiig of the localities 

 of entire pl.'ints. It is eflei-ted by disengaging the 

 roots from the soil, and [.lacing them in new sitna- 

 tions favorable to the growth and developenient of 



the plani. , • , i 



To accomplish this successfully, it is desirable 

 that the roots bo preserved fresh and entire. 



The proper seasons for transplanting ornamen- 

 tal and other trees ami shrubs, are tlie spring and 

 ftill. Generally in October and November of the 

 latter period, and March and April of the former. 

 It is commonly best in colder latitudes to remove j 

 the more delicate shrubs and trees in spring, but 

 where the cliiiiate is not so severe, the autumn is 

 preferable. In the latter case, the winter is not so 

 likely to prove injurious to them. 



Those whic'j are natives of countries equally 

 cold and rigorous with the one to which they are 

 removed, may be transplanted either in the spring 

 or antum'n, indiscriminately. Such as are natives 

 of warmer climates, and have become acclimated, 

 l)y culture, to higher latitudes, may be transplanted 

 in spring. They ought to have every advantage 

 that the warm seasons can afford, previous to their 

 exposure to the rigors of winter. 



Plants transferred to a less favorable climate, 

 should be removed at a period most favorable to 

 them to support the change without injury. Deli- 

 cate trees, when transplanted in spring, form new 

 /oots, that take firm hold of the earth during sum- 

 mer. Their roots become established in their po- 

 sition, so that there is far less prospect of injury 

 from the severities of winter. It is a matter of 

 little consequence, however, at which of these sea- 

 sons the hardy kinds arc removed. 



Plants, when taken from the earth to be trans- 

 ferred, should be removed with much care. Should 

 any injury be sustained by a loss or mutilation of 

 of a part of the roots, the whole body of the plant, 

 together with the roots, may be immersed in fresh 

 water during a period of twenty or thirty hours, 

 previous to setting it in the earth again. 



The top is to be lessened in proportion to the 

 loss the roots may have sustained. Otherwise the 

 plant will iierish from a loss of its wonted nour- 

 ishment. The ordinary quantity of root being di- 

 minished, the exhaustion from evaporation will bo 

 greater than the absorption of the remaining por- 

 tion of root, so that the plant will die by transpi- 

 ration. 



October and November, after the first frosts have 

 arrested the progress of vegetation in woody pe- 

 rennials, is recommended as a proper season for 

 transplimling them. Some are of the ojiinion, that 

 the peach, plum, cherry, and most evergreens, 

 succeed best v.heii transplanted in spring. 



Any trees, even the most delicate, may be suc- 

 cessfully lrans|ilanted in autumn, if a liule protec- 

 tion be afibrded them by covering the root during 

 the first and most trying winter. Where complete 

 success is hoped, it is best to shift their locality in 

 the fall, if possible. 



The protection of most trees, shrubs and woody 

 plants, may consist in spreading a few inches of 

 litter from the stable around the trunk and over the 



roots. 



Moss from the meadow and evergreen boughs 

 are highly recommended for the protection of deli- 

 cate plants. They are not liable to undergo de- 

 cotnposilioii during the winter, and iherehy injure 

 and destroy what they were designed to ])rotect. 



Delicate plants arc sometimes supposed to be de- 



stroyed by too much protection after being trans- 

 planted, when, in fact, they perish for want of it, 

 being killed by the alternate freezing and thawing 

 of the earth at its surface. This difficulty might 

 have been easily obviated by covering them with 

 evergreen boughs or meadow moss. 



When trees or shrubs are transplanted in au- 

 tumn, the earth becomes consolidated at their roots, 

 so that the radical fibres soon take firm footing in 

 the earth, and the plant is prepared to vegetate 

 with {he earliest advances of spring. 



The excavations in the earth for the reception of 

 the roots of trees and shrubs should bear some pro- 

 ! portion to their size. They may generally be made 

 1 from four to six feet in diameter, and of about 

 eighteen or twenty inches in depth. Large trees 

 will require a larger opening than this, and small 

 ones not so large. 



The yellow or subsoil where they are to be lo- 

 cated may be thrown out, and replaced at bottom 

 with a fine mould, intermixed with a portion of 

 good manure. 



Trees transplanted should stand tw^ or three 

 inches deeper in the earth than they stood previous 

 to their removal. In no case should the extra depth 

 exceed this. 



The radical fibres are to bo spread horizontally 

 I in their natural position, and the soil intimately 

 blended with them and compactly pressed about 

 the trunk and over the roots. 



No manure should be permitted to come in im- 

 mediate contact with the roots, though it should 

 be plentifully placed about them on all sides. — 

 Should it touch them, they would be likely to sus- 

 tain injury and rot. 



The ground before being trodden very hard about 

 the roots, is to be plentifully moistened by pouring 

 water about the plant. 



In transplanting evergreens, it is generally rec- 

 ommended previous to treading the earth about their 

 1 roots, to pour several gallons of water about the 

 trunk, and after filling in with earth, to finish by 

 treading it as hard as possible for the space of hall 

 an hour or more. This would be a good rule to 

 fuUow in regard to all trees of whatever kind. 



.lune has been considered by many as the best 

 month for transplanting annuals that are cultiva- 

 ted as Florists' Flowers, and September the 

 most suitable for transplanting himniah. 



In transplanting plants of every description, it 

 is desirable that as much earth as possible be re- 

 moved with the roots. If this be done, there will 

 be less danger of their suflfering by the change of 

 situation. 



Though moist, cloudy weather is generally best 

 for transplanting, it should not be done when 

 the ground is very wet. The earth should be 

 only moderately moist, otherwise it will be clam- 

 my and heavy. 



The operation of transplanting is most success- 

 fully performed in cloudy days, and a little before 

 evening previous to a shower. The reasons for 

 this are obvious. If it be done when the earth is 

 dry and in the middle of the day, plants require 

 watering and shading fiar a considerable time after- 

 wards. 



If the root be small, or injured, or destitute of 

 earth when taken up, it will require that the earth 

 which is placed about it bo made finer, and pressed 

 more firmly, and that the plant be more plentifully 

 watere<l. It will also require to be longer shaded. 

 Plants, transferred to pots and boxes, after bav^ 

 ing the soil pressed firmly about them on all sides. 



should also be plentifully watered and for some 

 time shaded. Care is to be taken that the shell be 

 placed over the aperture at the bottom of the ves- 

 sel, otherwise the |)lant will perish through a su- 

 perabundance of moisture. Saturation of the earth 

 without an nutlet at the bottom, will rot the root 

 and destroy the plant. — Florist's Manual. 



From tlie Norlliampton Courier. 

 HON. SAMUEIi IiATHROP'S ADDRESS 



Before the Hampshire, Hampden and Frank- 

 lin Agricultural Society last autumn, is excellent 

 for its practical details and good common sense. 

 We Slave the manuscript and are permitted to pub- 

 lish the whole. We shall print it entire, with the 

 omission of some paragraphs adapted to the anni- 

 versary occasion. He says — 



The science of Agriculture, taken in all its 

 branches and departments, as usually practised in 

 New England, is one of the most comprehensive 

 and multifarious of all the departments of industry. 

 Almost every farmer will find within the range of 

 his superintendence, a great variety of soil — the 

 wet and the dry — the cold and the warm — the 

 fertile and the barren — the light and the heavy— 

 the clayey and the sandy. Each of these varie- 

 ties, in order to the development of its latent ener- 

 o-ies at the least expense, with the least exhaustion 

 and the most for the benefit of the cultivator, re 

 quires a great diversity of management in its pre 

 paralion, in its cuUivation, in the kind of manur 

 which may be applied, with the greatest prospec 

 of an adequate return, and in the nature of th 

 crop best adapted to the soil. 



We have also a great variety of crops to culti 



vate dififerent kinds of grain, grasses, fruits an 



vegetables. Now all these require difl'erent kind 

 of management in order to their successful culture 

 and they are, each of them, better adapted t 

 some particular kind of soil, than to others. It 

 not every soil, with the most skilful culture, th; 

 will reward the labor of the husbandman with 

 good crop of wheat or of corn. Some soils wi 

 produce a liberal crop of grass, others will no 

 and among the cultivated grasses, some are pecu 

 iarly adapted to a particular kind of soil, whe: 

 others will entirely fail. 



The a|)plication of the various kinds of manu 

 requires the exercise of a sound discretion, i 

 structed by experience and observation. The 

 various kinds are particularly adapted to theiV a 

 propriate soils. While they will all produce 

 salutary and beneficial effect when properly a: 

 plied, they will fail, or nearly so, when misapplii 

 Some kinds of manure will admit of a more ger 

 ral application than others, but none of them w 

 admit of an indiscriminate application, but at 1 

 hazard of an almost total loss. 



The rearing and the management of the dif? 

 ent species of animals connected with our agric 

 lural concerns, is another branch of industry, wh 

 requires, in order to its successful and economi 

 pursuit, a variety of knowledge and skill, wh 

 can be learned only by a long course of obser 

 tion and personal experience. 



Besides, the business of the farmer does l 

 like that of the operatives in most of our inech 

 ical and manufiicturing establishments, admil 

 divisions and subdivisions, so that one branti 

 business may be assigned to one set of bands, 

 another to others. JUit the various deparlmeni 

 calculation, direction and execution press on 

 succession, with respect to the particular obj 



