316 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER, 



APRII. 15, 1835. 



TRANS PI/AJJTING TREES. 



The writer of tliis has devoted considerable 

 time to propagating and transphmtiiig fniit trees, 

 and from experiments as well as ol)Servation, ieels 

 desirous of comnmnicating to the ])nblie his 

 mode of transplanting trees, which perhaps does 

 not essentially difl'er from persons generally ac- 

 quainted with horticulture ; however, in my opiin- 

 ion, the manner of trar.splanting them in the cli- 

 mates, east, west, or south of this, (north part of 

 Ohio,) I am satisfied that the mode 1 am about to 

 propose is the best. I probably differ with many 

 )>ersons as to the size of the trees and seasoi 

 transplanting. 



When the loaves begin to turn ycUow in the 

 /aH, then is the best time to take them up, and 

 they should be as young as circumstances will ad- 

 mit of— say from one to three years after ingrafting 

 or inoculating ; provided that they are of large 

 and healthy growth. My reasons for transplant- 

 ing in the fall are, they are more apt to put out a 

 number of roots, if properly and carefidly set out 

 before winter commences ; and by the opening of 

 spring, the ground around them becomes pretty 

 well settled, and then they have nothing to do, but 

 to grow, if they are alive. The hole should be 

 dug considerably larger and deeper, than is sup- 

 posed the roots need, so that when they grow they 

 i-au have room to extend their roots in soft earth — 

 ihe earth should be mixed with very line rich 

 mould — put some of this in the bottom, and place 

 ihe tree and roots in their natural order, and be 

 careful to sprinkle a portion of the mould in 

 among the roots, so as to fill every cavity, then as 

 you fill the hole, press it gently. I would not re- 

 commend the use of water, as it washes away the 

 fine mould — leaves a cavity among the roots, 

 which lets in the air, and the tree will frequently 

 mould, canker and die. If the roots are very dry, 

 dip them in water, and then put in some of the 

 fine mould immediately after. If you set out 

 your trees in the spring, do it as early as possi- 

 ble. If a tree be five or six feet high, tie it to a 

 stake, to prevent its being shaken by the winds, as 

 it is very apt to loosen the earth around it, which 

 lets in water and sometimes materially injures it. 

 On the spring following the transplanting, rub 

 them well with a dry woollen cloth — then white- 

 wash well with strong fresh lime, and this will 

 keep Ihe bark free from lice and moss, and it also 

 makes them healthy — this method should be con- 

 tinued every spring thereafter. Give the above a 

 (iiir trial. — Huron Rejledor. 



Hogs fattened economically. — Brother 

 Farmers, don't cut down your orchards nor sell 

 your cider undci two dollars a bafnd, for you 

 may do better. 



Although this is rather out of the season for 

 this subject, yet I thought better late than never ; 

 therefore I will give a few hints on the subject. 

 I have heard some of my neighbors boasting that 

 their hogs had got a fine start on eating raw ap- 

 ples as they fell from the trees ; but it always ap- 

 peared to me to be a very injudicious mode of 

 procedure, for the hogs I observed never got 

 more than in good working order, and they were 

 careful to cull all the best fruit, and if they could 

 get a supply without meddling with the hard sour 

 ones they would not touch them. I concluded 

 last fall that I would have my choice first for ci<ler 

 ;ind barrelling, and let the hogs have those that 



ground. I caused the children with small baskets 

 to fill several large baskets under certain trees 

 marked out to them by a slake being stuck under 

 those trees destined for the hogs. The large 

 baskets were very readily placed upon a stone- 

 drag or horse-cart and brought to the hog-house, 

 where I have a ninety gallon kettle set in an arch. 

 I put ii a bushel of culled potatoes, about five 

 pumpkins, three pails of water, then fill the kettle 

 rounding full of apples, and boil them till the i)0- 

 tatocs and pumpkins will poach, then throw in 

 half a bushel of peas and poach them all up to- 

 for I gether, and laid them in half hogsheads to cool 

 and sour. It will require a half-hogshead to 

 every three hogs. Then fill uj) the kettle again 

 while hot, and proceed as before. There is a sav- 

 ing of wood to boil over two or three kettles full 

 in succession, I have vessels enough to empty the 

 kettle twice, and let the third stand — it will keep 

 hot a longer time. I have never fed anything to 

 hogs that fattened so rapidly; and thus have I 

 made 1428 lbs. of pork with about eight bushels 

 of i)eas and twelve of corn (to harden) at the last. 

 The rest was cull potatoes, cull pumpkins, and a 

 scurvy mess of apples, good for nothing else. 

 Apples are very much improved for hogs by being 

 boiled and mixed with other coarse stutt'. I would 

 suggest not to feed much at a time, but to feed 

 often, and so sparingly for a week or ten days as 

 to have them make hungry claims when you go to 

 the stye. 



Now, friend Stacy, if there is anything in the 

 above hints worthy a place in your valuable jjaper, 

 thou art at liberty to lay it before the public. 

 Perhaps the experiment may be improved by some 

 of our systematic farmers, another year. — Bur- 

 lington Free Press. ' 



iFrcm the Kew York Fainicr.) 

 MISCEIiliANEOUS COMiECTIOKS. 



Butter. — There are three requisites in 

 ducing an easy separation of cream — the 



pro- 

 milk 



should have a large surface, be kept perfectly still, 

 and at the temperature of 54 to 56 degrees. If 

 desirous of obtaining all the cream, the milk 

 should not be skimmed as soon as it curdles. 

 The best butter, however, is made from the cream 

 that rises first. If the room containing the milk 

 is too warm in the hot season, the floor shoidd be 

 often washed, and salt occasionally sprinkled over 

 it. The sooner the cream is churned the better 

 will be the butter, and the less the latter is washed 

 with water, the more delicate and pleasant will 

 be its flavor. In the fall and winter, Mr W. 

 Allen, of North Andover, obtains butter by churn- 

 ing ten minutes. He raises his cream to 72 or 

 Ti degrees. 



Cut Straw for Horses. — At this season of 

 the year, horses that are used much, or that pei 

 spire freely, are aj.t to take cold, and become 

 liide-bounil. They require once or twice a couple 

 of table spoonfuls of sulphur mixed with their 

 food, which should be of cut straw, and corn and 

 cob, and oats, ground together. If well curried 

 their skin will soon be loose, and they will begin 

 to thrive immediately. 



Hay on Barn Floors.— When hay, particu- 

 larly clover, is thrown on the floor, nnich of it, 

 and the most valuable part, too, breaks and crum- 

 bles into so small pieces, that the fork will not 

 take them up. In most barns, this is entirely 

 wasted or shoved out into the yard, where but 



;ind barrelling, and let tlie nogs have tnosc mat wasteu or suovea out uuo mc jaiu, ....w. .-... 

 were too early for cider, and usually rotted on the I comparatively little of it is picked up by the 



stock. " I," says an aged farmer, " keep my barn 

 floor asc<ean as my wife's parlor, and every day 

 shovel into an old sleigh or box, which I keep^ 

 standing by, all the leaves, seeds, and fine parts of 

 the hay. This makes superior feed for my cows : 

 if moistened with water, and a small quantity of 

 bran or meal added, and given about the time of 

 calving, nothing appears more nourishing to 



them. 



Stone Wall for Sheep. — A' farm well fen- 

 ced with stone is much more valuable than one 

 with rails, even if suitable timber grows on the 

 farm. There is, however, one' drawback. One 

 unrulv sheep will take a flock over a whole farm, 

 and soon learn them to skip over the best of wall 

 fences, with so much ease that it is impossible to 

 keep them, except where they are disposed to re- 

 main. Some farmers have been obliged to aban- 

 don sheep husbandry on this account. If the 

 stone wall is high, and well faced, and the pasture 

 good, shee|) may often be kept whhout nuich in- 

 convenience or damage. Ordinary stone fences, 

 with a top rail, will not prevent unruly sheep from 

 scaling theuL They will approach the fence in 

 an obltquc direction, and skip over it with the ease 

 of a deer. If the top rail is made to project over 

 towards the field in which the sheep are, it 

 answers a much better p\irpose. The best top 

 rail is red cedar, with all the limbs left on to the 

 Icnffth of two feet. If two fields are fenced in 

 this'manner a farmer need not he troubled with 

 unruly sheep. Alternating them in these lots 

 will ever afford good pasture, and enrich tht 

 ground. 



Stockings. — Those m^de of common wool ar« 

 said to be more durable than from Merino wool. 

 MoRUS MuLTiCAULis. — Secds of this plan 

 have been sown in this country, in the vicinity o 

 Northumberland, Mass., I think. Perhaps soms 

 reader of the New York Farmer will state the re- 

 sult in reference to this plant being a mere variety 

 It is the opinion of the French Royal Society o 

 Agricuhure that it is not a distinct species — tha 

 its'" seed will not produce its like — that it canno 

 be preserved except by propagating it by layers 

 cuttings and grafts — and that it is exclusivelj 

 by these means that the Chinese have reared thii 

 plant from tiuje immemorial. 



Eclipse of the Sun — Cold Winter ani 

 Hot Summer. — There is a saying among farm 

 ers that great extremes of the seasons follow ai 

 eclipse of the sun. The severity of the weathei 

 in the early part of January will confirm thi 

 opinion ; and should we have excessively ho 

 weather the succeeding summer, this opinion wil 

 be entertained at least one century longer, what 

 ever may be the fiicts brought to light. Observa 

 tion and science may yet discover the cause c 

 such a very great extreme of weather as has oc 

 curred this winter. 



Clover with Oats.— Many of the farmers U 

 West Chester and Putnam counties sow clove! 

 seed with their oats— thinking it takes better thaj 

 with rye or wheat. The ordinary rotation l| 

 most parts of this section of the Union is corn 

 oats, rye or wheat with clover. In order to se 

 cure the enriching properties of clover, I shoiili 

 suppose, even in this rotation, it would be profita 

 ble to sow clover whh a view of turning it unde 

 for rye or wheat in the fiill. The expense of see. 

 and sowing is but a trifle. The pasture, from th. 

 time the oats arc cut to that for fall ploughing 

 will pay for all expenses. 



