VOL. Xm. NO. 43. 



AND GARDENER'S MAGAZINE. 



3^. 



r^ijocl to require any remarks of mine on the sub- 

 ject. Tliis most valuable of plants in the whole 

 vegetable kingdom, untloubtedly affords more 

 healthy nourishment to that portion of the human 

 family residing in Europe and America, than that 

 of any other vegetable, perhaps it is best to say, 

 double the amount, and at less than half the ex- 

 pense. 



POTATOES FOR BREAD. 



By adding to wheat, or rye flour, one fourth or 

 one third part of the meal of potatoes, the quality 

 }f the bread will be improved and the flavor equally 

 palatable. It is easy of digestion, sets kindly on 

 ;he most delicate stomach, is highly beneficial in 

 dyspeptic complaints, a disease (by the by) more 

 •ommon than necessary in our country ; and gen- 

 ;rally originates from idleness : in some cases too 

 ;lose application to study — but more generally by 

 ligh living, want of proper exercise of body and 

 nind or too great indulgence in hypochondrical re- 

 lections. I am no Doctor, but will guarantee a 

 ;ure gratis, to such as have mind, nerve, and reso- 

 ution enough to follow my prescription. 



The disease is of rare, occurrence amongst the 

 aboring class in Ireland, that live on potatoes and 

 alt six days in a week, and is equally so among 

 he peasantry of Canada. 



The manner of making this bread is simple and 

 asy ; boil good potatoes properly, drain off" the 

 irater as soon as they have boiled sufficiently, let 

 lem remain in the warm kettle to dry, take off 

 le skin, put them in a mortar and pound the meal 

 ne, to which add a little fine salt, previous to put- 

 ng in the yeast to raise the bread; mix the pota- 

 I meal thoroughly with the flour, afterwards pur- 

 18 the process of making bread from flour. Its 

 sneral use should be encouraged by the govern- 

 lent and people. In addition to the benefits pro- 

 jced on the health of the consumer. In jioint 

 i" economy, it will be found an immense saving 

 1 the expense of bread, a saving worthy of the 

 insideration of the American people, a saving 

 [ual to the whole amount and cost of the bread 

 msunied by 3,000,000 of her population, a saving 



every five years, to each populous state sufli- 

 ent to defray the expense of constructing a Rail 

 oad in each, from one extremity to the other. Is 

 not then the duty of every well wisher to the 

 •osperity and happiness of the human family, to 

 icourage the culture, and more general use of the 

 )tato, by precept and example ? It is not only 

 leful in bread, but in many cases an excellent 

 bstitute for it ; with a beef steak in the morning 

 fine baked potato will be found a comfortable 

 ibstitute for a slice of bread. 



To such as are fond of that most nutritious 

 [uid which first gave to their infant bodies strength 

 id vigor, a good boiled potato may be satis- 

 ctorily substituted for a slice of bread in a 

 iwl of milk. 



In fact its uses may be increased ten fold with- 

 it infringing on the rights and privileges of 

 e most difficidt epicure, or the strong propen- 

 ies of the fashionable gormandizer, who vvor- 

 ips his BELLY at the expense of his legs. 

 In conclusion, I have only to add, that I am 

 lly aware my communication will be consid- 

 jd by many readers who take the trouble to 

 ide through it, unnecessarily long and tedious: 

 B only apology I have to urge, is a want of 

 owledge of proper language to express my 

 3as with brevity, a wish to answer the many 

 inute inquiries of my numerous correspondents I 



and the strong desire I have to cause two po- 

 tatoes to grow this season where one did last. 



I hope that the purity of my intentions will 

 protect me against the malignant shafts of the 

 merciless critic. He is at full liberty to attack 

 the matter, but spare the manner. I beg of him 

 not to forget to remember that many of us who 

 hoe i)otatoes the most of our days, and sleep 

 most of our nights, have very little time to at- 

 tend schools to learn and expo.se our neighbors' 

 faults, or forg(?t and hide our own. 



Should the foregoing remarks, which appear as 

 a])plicable to many other crops as that of pota- 

 toes, have the effect to improve the culture of 

 the earth beneficially, to any portion of my fel- 

 low citizens, I shall consider myself, even in 

 my ill state of health, abundantly remunerated 

 for my feeble attempts at improvement. 



A. W. Barnom. 



Vergennes, March 13, 1835. 



A Cocoonery. — Mr Samuel Whitmarsh is 

 erected an edifice of two hundred feet in length 

 east of his house, on Fort Hill, as a Silk House, 

 and Cocoonery. The plan of it is original, and 

 promises the best results. The worms while 

 feeding, are now laid out upon hoards and ben- 

 ches, by those who rear them, covered with mul- 

 berry leaves, and when for health and cleanliness 

 they are required to be moved, it all must be 

 done separately. 



Mr Whitmarsh's building is intersected by 

 alleys, and on each side tiers of sliding frames 

 or drawers rise from the floor upward. These 

 frames ^re covered with lattice work of twine. 

 The top one is laid over with leaves upon which 

 the worms feed. The second frame, about an 

 inch and a half below, is covered with strong 

 paper, or coarse cotton. All the stems of the 

 leaves, or offal from the worm, fall from the 

 lattice work above upon this draw, and when 

 the usual time for cleaning them comes, instead 

 of lifting each separately, it is only requisite to 

 remove the lower draw, and the cleansing is ac- 

 complished. 



The leaf of the Chinese Mulberry, which Mr 

 W. will use, is so tender that the worm will 

 devour it all. Sometimes they will fall from 

 the lattice work above, upon the paper draw be- 

 low. In that case, when a new supply of 

 leaves is laid on above, the worms at once as- 

 cend, as the distance is not too great between 

 them, to prevent their reaching above. This is 

 a great and important change introduced into 

 the method of feeding and cleanliness, saving 

 time and promoting the health of the worms. 



Another great improvement to be introduced 

 by Mr Whitmarsh, is the aid given the worms 

 in winding their cocoons. Now when the 

 worms have terminated their feeding, easily 

 known by their movements, branches of trees 

 and bushes are laid over or suspended above 

 ihem, and among which the process of winding 

 is carried on. Consequently they are much en- 

 tangled, lost to sight, a great deal of labor and 

 silk lost in securing themselves, and altogether an 

 awkward method of separating the cocoons for 

 use from the bushes. 



He proposes, when the Worms are ready to 

 wind, to transfer them to upright frames, with 

 twine lattice work, standing about an inch and 

 a half apart. 



The worms will reach over from one frame | 



to the other, fasten themselves at each extrem- 

 ity and then in a small compass envelope 

 themselves in their cocoons. Every thing is then 

 clean and compact, and after they have finished 

 winding, the frames in pairs can be put away 

 compactly, and when wanted for use, the cocoons 

 are easily taken off. The building is well con- 

 trived for ventillation and the reeling by steam 

 power will be carried on in the same edifice. He 

 intends to feed a million of worms this sum- 

 mer and reel four or five hundred pounds of silk. 

 — J^orthamploii Courier. 



The American Horse. — In the extensive 

 territory and varied climate of the United States 

 several breeds of horses are found. 



The Canadian is found principally in Canada, 

 and the northern States. He is supposed to be ' 

 of French descent, and many of the celebrated 

 American trotters are of his breed. We will 

 speak of some of them when we describe the 

 paces of the horse. 



The Concstoga horse is found in Pennsylvania 

 and the middle States — long in the leg and 

 light in the carcass — -sometimes rising seventeen 

 hands, used principally for the carriage ; but when 

 not too high, and with sufficient substance, 

 useful for hunting and the saddle. 



The English horse, with a good deal of blood, 

 prevails in Virginia and Kentucky; and is found 

 to a greater or less degree in all the States. The 

 Americans have, at different times, imported 

 some of the best English blood. It has been 

 most diligently and purely preserved in the 

 southern States. The celebrated Shark, the best 

 horse of his day, and equalled by few at any 

 time, was the sire of the best Virginia horses ; 

 and Tally-ho, a son of Highflyer, peopled the 

 Jerseys. 



In the back-settlements, and in the south- 

 western States, is a horse resembling the wild 

 horse of the Pampas, already described, and evi- 

 dently of the same origin. 



The Flemish and Dutch Horse. — The Flemish 

 and Dutch horses are large, and strongly and 

 most beautifully formed. We are indebted to 

 them for some of the best blood of our draught 

 horses, and we still have frequent recourse to 

 them for keeping up and improving the breed. 

 — Library of Useful Knoioledge. 



It was stated in a discourse recently delivered 

 before the members of the American Institute, 

 that there was annually consumed in the United 

 States, more silk, than all the wheat, corn, rye, 

 oats, flaxseed, biscuit, potatoes, and hops, which 

 are exported will pay for, by nearly $3,000,000 ! 

 — Bost. Trans. 



Wool. — There was imported into the port of 

 Boston, during the year 1834, three millions five 

 hundred and ffteen thousand pounds of wool, that 

 cost less than eight cents per pound and free of 

 duty ; one hundred thiHy three thousand nine hun- 

 dred pounds, costing over eight cents per pound, 

 and dutiable. — Post. 



Among the new applications of caoutchouc, we 

 now see advertised in the English papers, " India 

 rubber cojins." Being water tight, they are re- 

 commended on sea voyages. 



