VOL. XIII. NO. 50. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL, 



Milcli Cows often occasiou a continual loss to 

 their owner, by not affonling a return in butter 

 and milk equal to their expense of keepinsf. In 

 order to avoid this, the inquiry should be made, 

 " How much milk ought a cow to give to be worth 

 her kec|iing ?" Most farmers will not find much 

 difficulty in answering this question. Let it be 

 ascertained by direct trial, how much milk, butter 

 &c. a cow will yield during the year, and place 

 the value of this on one side of the account ; 

 then determine the expense of keeping through 

 the year, together with that of the labor of feed- 

 ing, milking, making butter, &c. and place this on 

 the other side : and the farmer will discover at 

 once, whether he is pursuing a gaining or losing 

 business by keeping such cows as he has. The 

 method will also show in a strong light, the great 

 advantage of keeping good milkers. As an in- 

 stance, suppose a cow will yield, on an average, 

 eight quarts of milk a day, and that the milking 

 season continues nine months : this would give 

 2160 quarts. Now suppose ten quarts of milk 

 will produce one pound of butter, and that the 

 skim-milk and buttermilk are worth three dollars 

 lyear. The yearly produce of such a cow will 

 ;herefore be 

 216 lbs. of butter at 12i cts lb. - $27 



Skim-milk, &c. - .3 



395 



$30 



Nothing is said of the value of the calf, as all 

 ;he milk is taken into account. 



If the cost of keeping and attendant expenses 

 )e twenty-five dollars, the clear profit will be Jive 

 iollars. 



But suppose a cow instead of giving eight 

 [uarts a day, and the expense being the same, (the 

 ncreased labor being compensated by the increas- 

 d quantity of milk,) the clear profit, instead of 

 'eing^fue dollars, will be found by a similar cal- 

 ulation, to be eleven dollars and three quarters. 

 Phis shows the great additional profit even where 

 he increase of milk is small. If the cow give 

 nly six quarts a day, a similar method would 

 liow an actual yearly loss of four dollars and 

 sventyfive cents. — Genesee Farmer. 



"There were two drivers to each team, one of 

 whom sate on the yoke of the .second pair, with 

 his back forward and his face toward the |ilougli, 

 and drove the two forward yoke. '1 he other 

 driver sat on the yoke of the fourth pair, witli his 

 back forward, and drove the third and fourth 

 [lairs ; and the hinder pair was governed by the 

 person who held the plough. Why they set in 

 this awkward jjosition I cannot imagine. The 

 ploughs consist of a great block of wood some- 

 what resembling a shoe with a pointed toe, and 

 were without a coulter and share, with one han- 

 dle and a long curved tongue. One yoke of oxen 

 with a plough of the New England model would 

 plough more ground in a day, than five yoke with 

 their native ploughs. I saw six yoke of bullocks 

 dragging a cart with massy stone wheels, whose 

 weight, I should think, was greater than the whole 

 burden on the cart. Such is the disadvantage at 

 which the natives of this country do their work. 

 The only work which I observed as performed 

 after the manner of New England farmers, was 

 reaping with sickles. Grain is trod out by bullocks." 

 — Salem Landmark. 



remarked, about the size of a pea ; a.>d those who 

 liave plum trees, as there arc njany on the Con 

 necticut, are exceedingly j uzzled to account for 

 th,,s state of things. We had a branch brought to 

 this office from Cornish which really has a very 

 curious and singular a| pearance. We are inform- 

 ed the trees have soue ten years back suflfered in 

 the same way, but the cause is a mvstery. Nothing 

 like a worm is to be found in the swollen fruit.-- 

 Clareviont J\rational Eagle. 



MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE. 



Our missionaries abroad are continually making 

 seful additions to geographical and scientific 

 lowledge. Their communications to the Amer- 

 an Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- 

 ons from time to time published in the Mission- 

 •y Herald, seldom fail to contain much that is 

 iteresting, aside from the immediate subject of 

 leir labors. The journal of Mr Slone, in the 

 s: number, contains a graphic description of Sa- 

 ra, one of the native states of Hindostan, and 

 le surrounding scenery. He describes the coun- 

 y as very fertile, and presenting a beautiful ap- 

 iarance to the eye. In February last, travehing 

 oni the Ghauts to Sattara, within a distance of 

 ifeuty mill s he passed more than thirty vilages, 

 attered along beneath groves of 'wide spreading 

 jes. On either hand were ripe harvest fields, 

 er which, men, women, and children were 

 aced, to keep away the birds. The natives are 

 ostly farmers, as stout and athletic as the New 

 ngland firmer. Where the crops had been gath- 

 ed, the husbandmen were ploughing up the 

 ;lds for another sowing, the soil yielding thne 

 ops a year. Mr Stone thus describes the man- 

 ir of ploughing: 



Viaduct to the Boston and Providence 

 Rail Road. — This is a splendid work, which 

 might in the days of yore, have done honor to the 

 enterprise of an Emperor. But now, private 

 efforts accomplish such things without parade. 

 The Viaduct is to carry the road over a ravine of 

 about six hundred feet, and in the centre near 

 seventy feet deep. It is built of stone blocks, 

 procured at the distance of half a mile, and 

 drawn to the ground on common carts and wag- 

 ons, and then rough hewn into regular shapes. It 

 is a continuous wall with the exception of six or 

 seven ground arches, which pass a mill pond at 

 the bottom of the ravine. On each side of the 

 wall are ribs or pillars from the bottom, projectinw 

 two or three feet, at interva's of twenty or thirty 

 feet. On these, arches are sprung laterally with 

 the main wall, which will have the effect to give 

 sufficient breadth for the road, at the same time 

 that they increase the beauty of the architecture. 

 The two ujiper tiers of stones are to spread 

 across the arches, and above are to be raised iiar- 

 apets completing the work. For about half the 

 distance the arches had been thrown over last 

 week : but in no part was the basis of the road 

 completed, and for one third of the way six or 

 eight tiius were to be raised. The work is going 

 on rapidly, but must necessarily pccupy some 

 weeks before its completion. In the meantime 

 the cars run to the commencement of the Viaduct 

 on each side. — ^V. Y. Jour, of Commerce. 



A Profitable Crop.—A Northampton gentle- 

 man planted last year a half-paper (costing twenty 

 five cents) of the Morns Multicaulis, or Chinese 

 ^dulbcrry. The seed occupied a few feet square 

 of his garden, and the plants came up to the num- 

 ber of about two hundred and forty. For these 

 plants he has repeatedly this season been ofl^ered 

 twentyfive cents each. 'J he principal reason of 

 this, however, is that the seed originally procured 

 oi this species of mulberry has all been consum- 

 ed, and there is not much probability that any 

 more good seed can be procured from the same 

 quarter; and some years, of course, must be elapse 

 before it can be procured from native trees. Other 

 parcels of this seed have been obtained from 

 China since the first was imported, but none of 

 them have jiroduced anything, having without 

 doubt under the influence of the proverbial 

 jealousy of the Chinese been subjected to some 

 proces.s, which, without affecting the appearance, 

 de.stroyed the fructifying principle. — />an/t/m 

 M(rcury. 



Canada Plums. — The plum trees all over this 

 section of the State and in the adjoining parts of 

 Vermont present a most singular appearance. The 

 fruit at this point of the season, unless injured in 



some way, should be about the size of a pea 



perhaps not so large. But the fruit every where 

 presents a most unnatural size, presenting rather 

 the appearance of green lemons than anything 

 else we can remember, swollen, wrinkled, and 

 puffed up, some long, others round, an inch long 

 and nearly as thick. They are of a bright green 

 or yellow color, tinged with a beautiful scarlet on 

 the outside, while they are completely empty 

 within. This fruit — the large red plum — in the 

 iiatural course of vegetation is at this time, as we 



An editor of a paper in the interior of Penn- 

 sylvania, noticing the subject of wool growing 

 states a remarkable fact, that the fleeces taken 

 from a flock of sheep owned by a gentleman in 

 his vicinity, averaged a trifle over three pounds of 

 wool to the fleece. We can tell a story and a 

 true one too which will beat this. Abner Pelton 

 jr. Esq., of Chatham, in thiscountv, clipped from 

 twelve sheep, the present season, 70 pounds and 

 six ounces of wool after it had been cleansed suita- 

 bly for market. The flock are about seven eighths 

 blood merino, large and quite fat ; and were shear- 

 ed the year previous the tenth of June. One of 

 the fleeces from a yearling weighed nine pounds 

 three ounces. — Middletown (Conn.) Advocate. 



3. BuEL — I see you liave an article in the 

 Cultivator, directing how to destroy the caterpil- 

 lar. 



I Will state what I know to be a fact, that is 

 take a pail of soap suds, and with a swab attach- 

 ed to the end of a pole, swab the nest in the morn- 

 ing, and it will kill the worms and destroy the 

 eggs. It is the best remedy I ever saw, and the 

 quickest and cheapest. A. Bridges. 



Milford, May 17. 



Coughs and Colds. — Horse-radish cut into 

 small pieces and chewed in the mouth is an ex- 

 cellent remedy for hoarseness, coughs, colds, and 

 cases of incipient consumption. — Farmer's Gazette 



Working cattle and horses will be able to per- 

 form much more labor where they are refreslrj ! 

 by being supplied with water every hour o.- t • o, 

 than where they are worked half a day./i a time 

 without it. — Genesee Farmer. 



