VOI,. XV. NO. 3. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL 



21 



Russian mode ok making Butter. — Sir, — 

 Observing in a montlily scientific journal, an ar- 

 ticle on the subject of raakiiig butter in tlie winter, 

 I beg leave to furnish the particulars on that sub- 

 ject, as practised iu Russia, since the year 1816, 

 and which may, perhaps, be of some service to 

 those who may be induced to make the experi- 

 ment either in summer or winter. Being in that 

 country in the year 1834, I was informed by a 

 Russian nobleman, that the proprietor of an exten- 

 sive estate (also a nobleman of high rank) had dis- 

 covered a new mode of making butter, and had 

 received letters patent from the ICmperor as a re- 

 ward for the discovery, and wliii-h he st.ited at 

 that time as being in full and successful operation. 

 The process consisted in boiling (or rather a spe- 

 cies of boiling, called simmering) the milk for the 

 s]>ace of fifteen minutes in its sweet state — ob- 

 serving at the same time not to use a sufficient 

 heat to burn the milk ; it is then churned in the 

 usual manner. He also stated that no difficulty 

 ever occurred in procuring butter immediately,and 

 of a quality superior far to that made from milk 

 which had undergone vinous fermentation ; and 

 that in addition to its superior flavor, it would 

 preserve its qualities much longer than that made 

 iu the ordinary mode ; that the additional advan- 

 tages were, that the milk being left sweet is al- 

 most possessed of the same value for ordinary pur- 

 poses, and by some was considered more healthy, 

 as they supposed the boiling or scalding to destroy 

 the animalculse or whatever it may have contain- 

 ed. 



If the above process should upon experiment 

 prove of sufficient importance, so as to bring it in- 

 to general use, i)articularly in the winter, it would 

 l)erhaps be to the advantage of those who may 

 practise it, to have their milk scalded in vessels 

 calculated to stand in the kettle or boiler, by which 

 mode the danger of burning the itiilk would be 

 avoided, for it is ascertained that milk only burns 

 on the edges of its surface, or where it comes in 

 contact with the sides of the vessel in which it is 

 heated, which can never liappen in double ket- 

 tles, or where one is placed within the other. — 

 London Mirror. 



Steam Navigation to Europk. — We are 

 happy to have it iu our power to state, that Capt. 

 Cobb and his assistants of the " Atlantic Steam 

 Company," have completed all their arrangements 

 for establishing a line of Steam Packets Ijctween 

 this port and Liverpool, and have actually con- 

 tracted with Messrs Brown & Bell for a boat suit- 

 able for the purpose, the building of which will 

 commence immediately. They have aLio con- 

 tracted with Mr Paul A. Sabbatcm for the engine, 

 the flues of which will be constructed for buriiin" 

 Anthractic cnal. 



This information will, we are quite certain give 

 very general satisfaction both here and in Jjiver- 

 pool ; and we may add that at the meeting of the 

 next legislature the Company will probably apply 

 for an act of incorporation with a capital of two 

 niillions of dollars. — JV. Y. Cow. Sf Enq. 



A patent has been taken out in England for 

 tanning blackberry bushes in lieu of oak bark. 



The Cholera, it is said has departed from the 

 " face of iho whole earth." 



The crops of wheat in the western part of Penn- 

 sylvania are very promising." 



9roi<TH'SAi.E:ni. 



This is a very pleasant, quiet, but flourishing 

 portion of our city. Several manufacturing es- 

 tablishments are in successful operation there, 

 amongst them the Laboratory, the oldest incorpo- 

 rated establishnieni, wo believe, in the city, which 

 we are glad to hear is doing a good business. 

 There are also four largo Tanneries, and sceral 

 Shoe Manufactories, amongst the latter that of 

 Mr E. Symoiuls, at which about 100 hanils are 

 employed. A new Dye House is eiecniiig, 120 

 feet ill length. The Drain Pipe Manufactory of 

 IMr Putnam, we learn, is doing well, furnisliing 

 various kinds of clay |)ipes, and the fire brick for 

 furnaces, &c. Many new building.'--, houses, 

 shops, &,c. have been recently erected, or are now 

 erecting. North Salem is the location of the ex- 

 tensive and valuable Nursery of Mr Robert Man- 

 nine, whose fame as a scientific cultivator of 

 Fruits, is spreading, not only throughoul our own 

 couiiiiy, but Europe. Mr Manning's Nursery 

 contains iifiwards q{ twenty thousand Trees ! His 

 collection of Pears is said to include a greater va- 

 riety of distinct kinds, set as proof trees, that can 

 be found in any one Nursery in America or Eu- 

 rope — even larger than that in the gardens of the 

 London Horticultural Society. He received in 

 the spring of 1835, from Professor Van Mons, of 

 Brussels, fiftyseven numbered kinds of Pears un- 

 named, and this spring sixtyone kinds more — a 

 part of which are growing on his grounds. Mr 

 J. M. Ives is also establishing a Nunsery in North 

 Salem — and Deacon Joshua Uphani has com- 

 menced there the culture of the Mulberry Tree, 

 having three acres of ground appropriated for that 

 purpose. 



The beautiful estate, late Dodge's, on Orne's 

 Point, in one of the most eligible situations we 

 know of, for a seminary of sotne sort, and we hope 

 ere long to see it occupied for such a purpose. 



A great improvement might be made in the vi- 

 cinity of the North Bridge, by creating a Water 

 Power for tide Mills at the bridge. It is thought 

 twenty Mill Powers might be obtained at this 

 place — a sufficient power to start a great variety 

 ofuof^fiil pnd profitnlile branches of business. If 

 tlie great Mill Dam project is abandoned altogeth- 

 er, we shall rejoice to see one on a smaller scale 

 accomjilished without much longer delay. 



There are believed to be fine locations in North 

 Salem for the establishment of a Rural Cenietery, 

 on the plan of t;iose at Mount Aui)urn and Taun- 

 ton. Several e.igible spots will at once occur to 

 those who have rambled through the beautif il 

 fields and forests in that quarter. — Essex Reg- 

 iiter. 



(From tlie Genesee Farmer.) 

 MANAGEMENT OP SILK WORMS. 



Mr Tucker: — According to your request, I 

 now hand you a statement of what 1 consider the 

 best mode of raising the silk worm for beginners 

 with the necessary cauiions. In the first place, I 

 would caution against raising too many the first 

 season, as any person will gain as much experi- 

 ence for future operations by raising 500,000 ; and 

 I am sure an advantage will arise in having too 

 few rather than too many, as every one com nenc- 

 ing a new employment must have something to 

 I jarii. 



Tables made of seasoned rough j-ine boards 

 will answer, with old news])apers laid tliereon, 

 standing from ,he walls, with the legs standing in 



small tin pans, which are to he kept filled with 

 water. Mine were at the top 9 inches in diame- 

 ter, and 3 1-2 deep. This will ofT'ectually prevent 

 being troubled with black ants, that have often 

 been stated as being very ilestructive to the worm, 

 and will also guard against mice. This method 

 is far preferable to the use of lemon juice, which 

 I have seen recommended, as once done it an- 

 swers for the life of the worms. This precaution 

 is quite necessary, where these ants are about. 

 When the season arrives, place the eggs on one 

 of these tables, rind keep only as many as will 

 hatch in twentyfour hours, and if the others are 

 destroyed at once so much the better. It will 

 save a vast deal of trouble to have a spontaneous 

 hatching as near as possible, as in the different 

 moultings they require no food, which is distin- 

 guished by the holding up of the head and the 

 torpid appearance of the worm, of which full in- 

 structions are given, as also for their 8i)inning, in 

 Cobb's Manual, and the Silk Culturist, published 

 in Hartford, Connecticut, for fifty cents a year, 

 and which ought to be in the hands of every one 

 intending to pursue this business. 



Persons intending to raise 5,000 worms ought 

 to be supplied with 10,000 eggs, and will in this 

 manner insure a spontaneous hatching of the half. 

 Yours respectfully, 



James Houghton. 



Carthage, Feb. 10, 1836. 



Mr Cookf, 



I send you a few suggestions in season for 

 those who are feeding silk worms. It is a com- 

 mon error to hatch more worms than our leaves 

 will feed. The best mode of diminishing the 

 number is to throw away those, that do not finish 

 the process of moulting or casting the skin in for- 

 tyeight hours. The healthy vigorous worms get 

 through in that time. The others are feeble and 

 make imperfect or loose cocoons. You thus se- 

 cure a strong stock and have strong silk. 



If you cannot reel the ball in ten days after it is 

 spun, the best mode of killing the worm is, with 

 camphor dissolved in alcohol. Put in as much 

 as the spirit will dissolve. Take a large coffee 

 pot or tin pail with a close cover ; put in a layer 

 of balls and sprinkle with camphorated spirits, as 

 you sprinkle clothes to l>e inmed, continue this 

 process till the vessel is full; then close it up and 

 set it near the fire, moving it nearer gradually till 

 the heat causes a vapor to rise — this will [lervade 

 the whole mass and extinguish life. The gum is 

 loosened, the balls are reeled more easily and no 

 moths or ants, or mice will touch them after- 

 wards. 



The objection to baking is, that we are apt to 

 bake too much, lest we should not kill the worm, 

 the fibres of the silk are frequently injured though 

 the color of the ball is not changed. Those that 

 are steamed are apt to become mouldy, if not at- 

 tended to, and those killed by exposure to the 

 sun are seldom effectually done, for the want of 

 three or four hot days iu succession. — Silk 

 Grower. 



The Vicksburg Advertiser estimates the value 

 of the present cotton cro]) of .Mississippi at 18 mil- 

 lions of dollars! 



Asbestos Bricks. — .\ patent has been taken 

 out for the manufacture ot\isbeslus Bricks. What 

 next ? 



