VOI,. XV. NO. 4. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



29 



A iiesv invention for brick nuikinj; lias been pa- 

 tenteil by ono Sawyer. The bricks are niiule by 

 it from dry I'lay, and are said to be snperior to 

 the coMiiiion kind in bctaiity, strenijtli and dura- 

 bility. Tlic texture is rnnch closer than that of 

 tlie common brick, so that the article alisorhs less 

 water, takes paint much better, not requirin}( more 

 than one half necessary in the old way, and stands 

 ' fire much longer. The frost likewise does not 

 operate on it, and bricks are turned out of the 

 new .machine, atone half the expense, orless^ than 

 by any other mode now in use. — Pennsylvania 

 paper. 



Bef.cher's Canal Steamboat. — VVe witness- 

 ed last week the operation, on the Canal of a 

 Steand)oat, invented and constructed by I\lr B. D. 

 Beecher, of New Haven. It is propelled upon 

 the screw-augur princi()le. Two instruments, 

 something like screw augurs formed by winding 

 a thick sheet of iron spirally round small shafts, 

 are placed in the bow of the boat, both of vvhicli 

 turned inward, and they answer the purpose of a 

 wheel in propelling the boat. This boat was 

 built merely for experiment, and the first of tlie 

 kind ever constructed, of coiuse very crude ; not- 

 withstanding the unfavorable circumstances un- 

 der which it operated it was propelled at the 

 rate of five or six miles an hour. — Hampshire 

 Candle. 



or opposed to the appurent motion of the sun ; 

 and if means are used to produce an opposite mo- 

 tion, upon withdrawing those means, the former 

 direction will be resumed. Tlii.s cannot he the 

 effect of chance, but of ntitnral laws, continually 

 operating. — Bost. Trans. 



Manufacture of Salt. — At the Anderton 

 Works, near Norwich, a new method of making 

 salt has been discovered, and pans have been put 

 upon a small scale, to try the effect, which has 

 proved so for satisfactory. A fresh water boiler 

 in the midst of the brine directly over the fire, 

 the brine receiving at once, the wliole of the heal 

 from the boiler and the fire; the overplus steam 

 which is generated is applied to another pan ; by 

 wliich means a high temperature is obtained for 

 sixteen thousand surface feet, which by the old 

 mode would require four fires; immense expense 

 of labor, and wear and tear, is saved. Mr W. 

 Garrod is the inventor ; he has taken out the pa- 

 tent. It is expected that more than five tons of 

 salt will be made by one ton of coals ; by the old 

 method not more than tvvo and a half or three 

 can be produced from the same quantity of fuel. — 

 English paper. 



The Wool Business. — We understand, says 

 a Wheeling, Virginia, paper, that large importa- 

 tions of wool are daily ex|;ected into this wool 

 growing region, from the east and southwest. 

 Eightyfive thousand pounds will ascend the Ohio 

 ship|)ed from Mexico, via. New Orleans, and 230,- 

 000 will arrive by the Pennsylvania canals, impor- 

 tations from Mogadore, in Africa, via. New York 

 and Philadelphia. The manufacturers are able to 

 purchase this wool from abroad, and pay the car- 

 riage here, cheaper than tliey can buy from our 

 farmers. The inevitable consequence will be, that 

 the present prices must come down. — Worcester 

 Palladium. 



Chilblains. — This affection forms one of the 

 most troublesome of the small troubles incident 

 to cold weather. The cause of chilblains is gen- 

 erally to he traced to sudden transitions from heat 

 to cold, or the reverse. Exposure to cold and 

 wet united, and particularly immersion in snovv 

 water, are causes of chilblains. Accordingly, 

 they do not always occur during the continuance 

 of intense frost, but are often more troublesome 

 when the temperature begins to be milder by a 

 thaw. It was observed by the celebrated Larrey, 

 in the winter campaign of the French in Russia 

 and Poland, that but a few days before, and a few 

 days after the battle of Wagram, the thermomet r 

 was very low, from ten to fifteen degrees belovy 

 zero ; and yet during that tima there was no mor- 

 tification, nor did any other particular suffering 

 about the hands or feet occur. But about tvvo 

 days after the battle a tliaw took place, the ther- 

 tnometer rose from ten to twenty degrees, and 

 then a great number of cases of mortification of 

 the feet occurred in the army, in some particular 

 divisions that was much exposed, and nearly all 

 the soldiers suffered more or less. 



Chilblains occur most frequently in persons of 

 feeble constitution and delicate skin. Hence they 

 are common in females and in children. — Like 

 many other evils they are more easily prevented 

 than cured. The means of prevention are, first, 

 such as go to diminish the susceptibility of the 

 stirface, and second, such as protect it from vicis- 

 situdes of temperature. — Among the first there is 

 nothing better than cold water, and thorough fric- 

 tion with a coarse towel. Among the most popu- 

 lar remedies for chilblains may be mentioned a 

 strong brine, vinegar, camphorated alcohol, oil of 

 turpentine, and other articles of this class. We 

 have lately seen recommended the tincture of 

 iodine as a wa>li, which is said to bring the |)arts 

 very soon to a healthy state. A solution of the 

 chloride of li.ne, in the proportion of one part tO' 

 twentyfour parts of water, has been found to an- 

 swer a good jiurpose. Another wash which lias 

 produced excellent effects is prepared by adding 

 one part of tincture of flies to six parts of liquid 

 O|jodeldoc. With this the affected part should be 

 frequently rubbed. When the skin has broken, 

 and the part has a.ssumed the character of a sore, 

 regular medical aid treatment must be resorted to, 

 as the matter then becomes too serious for quack- 

 ery. — Phil. Herald. 



Rkmarkable Fact, — In the last number of 

 Si'liman's Journal, in an article " On Currents in 

 Water," it is asserted that if a tub or other vessel 

 be filled with water, and a hole made near the 

 middle of the bottom to discbarge it, the water 

 will actjuire a rotary motion from west to south. 



()[/= A curious and sensible friend of ours has 

 made a calcu'alion of the difference to the far- 

 mer between having a gate to bis iiiclosure, in- 

 stead of bars ; and has found that, on the suppo- 

 sition that the bars are to be taken down but once 

 each <lay, the difference in lime for one year 

 would pay for the erection of three gales ! In ad- 

 dition to this a good gate is a pretty ornament to 

 a farm. — Bangor Far. 



The Miami Exjiloring Company of Cincinnati, 

 are about to establish a branch of that institution 

 at Toledo. Capital two hundred thousand. — 

 Genesee Farmer. 



•• WHAT FARRIIDRS MAY BE." 



Mr Holmks — Your interesting correspondent, 

 '• J. H. S." under the abov<; Title, in the last l''ar- 

 iiier lays d wn three distmct propositions, showing 

 ill subtt nee that farnieis may be the most hariied, 

 and the most influential class of men in the world. 

 Under each proposition h(! lias adduced several 

 good reasons in support of them, and I can most 

 cheerfully assent to all that ho has said uixin the 

 subject. But while 1 am so ready to give in my 

 adhesion to his doctrine, I am inclin'.d to think 

 he will find it not an easy task to induce any con- 

 siderable portion of them to carry out in practice 

 what he has so correctly laid <lowii in theory. 



The occupation of a farmer certainly reqiiirea 

 the '' most vigorous exercise of the physical pow- 

 ers of the body," and if yon can induce a man to 

 adopt that system of labor, which shall render the 

 exercise of these powers productive of the great- 

 est amount of ultimate good, you can hardly ex- 

 pect to convince him, that he may become one 

 of the most learned and influential men in the 

 world. 



If I may be permitted to advance an opinion, I 

 will say that, judging from daily observation, it 

 would seem that many believe the exercise of 

 mental and physical powers have no connexion 

 in the business of husbandry, that our fathers and 

 grandfathers thought all that was necessary to 

 think upoM the subject, and that nothing remains 

 for us to do but work, work, work, without even 

 thinking that we have power to think. 



Therefore, if we would lay a firm " ba>is on 

 which to build up their minds in wisdom and 

 knowledge," we must first convince them that the 

 course pursued by our fathers and grandfathers 

 in relation to husbandry, i;s by no means the best 

 course. 



Convince them that in general a small farm is 

 better than a large one. 



Convince them that a little well tilled, is better 

 than, much half tilled. 



Convince them that two loads of manure is bet- 

 ter than one, and every load judiciously applied 

 is better than a silver dollar. 



Convince them that three good cows are better 

 than half a dozen poor ones, and so of all other 

 stock. 



Convince them that raising their own bread 

 stuff and a little to sell, is far better than '• going 

 to New York to mill." 



Convince them that two blades of grass may 

 easily be made to grow, where only one grew be- 

 fore-.. 



Convince them that expei;hnent is the mother 

 of improvement, and improvement the true source 

 of wealth. 



Couvinpe them of these simple truths, and 

 induce theni to practise accordingly, and the work 

 is done. 



Y'ou will then bring mind and body to act in 

 unison. Y'ou will elevate the husliaiidnian to 

 his natural sphere in the scale of existi iice. You 

 will place liipi in the road to higher eminence. 

 He will think for himself, he wl, be learned, he 

 will be wise, he will be weafihy and influential. — 

 Maine Farmer. 



Library. —r- .\ design has been started to pro- 

 cure funds to purchase a magnificent Li r.ciy lor 

 the University in the city of New Voik. Ihe 

 sum of $500,000 has been named as necussary to 

 carry it oiiu-^ Daily Herald. 



