A JN I) G A U D E N E il ' S JOURNAL. 



l>UKLI,SH:;i) I'.Y JOSEPH UR 



ECK & CO., NO. 52 iNORTlI MARKET .STliEET, (Agricultural \Varehouse.)-T. G. FESSENDEN, EniTOR. 



VOL. XV. 



ISOSTOX, WEONMiSDAY EVENING, AUGUST 31, 1836. 



NO. 8. 



ii.^IliS<2'0'JS.^Wl^A5E.= 



(For the New England Farmer) 



Westboro', Worcester County. 

 Mr. Fe.ssendf..-?. Sir — Ktsidins the iireseiit 

 summer rit die place from wliicli iliis is dated, I 

 fi.ive'had llio pleasure of diverfiing from 12 to 15 

 miles ill vaiioiis dircrtioiis, over good roads, and 

 in a coiiiilry erpiil to any I have seen, fiiriiislimg 

 proof lo my mind, if any was before wanting, lliat 

 n soil of moderate fertility, in a temperate and 

 Iiealtliv climate, requiring and rewarding lalior 

 and industry, is more favorable to binnan n'os. 

 perity and happiness than more- prolific regions. — 

 TheVropof hav has been good — the farms ap- 

 pear to I.e neatly kept, anil the working cattle large 

 find in good condition. 



This is a Manufacturing as well as Agriculturul 

 district, especially for works of Leather, .if which 

 Grafton may be considered the head nuaiters ; liav- 

 in" severalfirms who manufacture and sell shoes 

 lo'the amount of two hundred thousand dollars 

 each, and perhaps more, annually. '1 he town ap- 

 pears 10 be a new creation within a few years, al- 

 though an old town, anil is now .leciiied the sec- 

 ond Tn the county, in population and business. It 

 lies about two tniles from the western rail-rdad, to 

 whici) tliey may construct a branch. 



Tboy have luid the good sense as yet not to set 

 up a IJaiik, to adulterate their currency nn<l seduce 

 them into speculations apart from their regular 

 business. Banks can only be advantageous when 

 Ihey place in use by the active, surplus capital 

 which wo'ild be dormant and unemployed. As 

 to furnishing a circulating medium, wliiih is the 

 proper business of Govermnent, it is often parted 

 with to insiiflicient agents. Tliis by the by. 



The shoe business goes on well, and steailily 

 increasing ; some of the most favorable circum- 

 stances of it is, that it is a domestic manufacture, 

 chiefly carried on by men at their own homes, with 

 their own means, where their labors and those ol 

 their families alternate with the car- of their gar- 

 .lens and farms, promoting health and furnishing 

 recreation. 



It has been remarked to me that we ought not to 

 be s.ir. rised at the lii^h piicj of piovi-ions in Kos- 

 ton, w'hen Worcester County, which used to fur- 

 nish largely, now requires considerable supplies 

 from the Metropolis. A considerable Innkeeper 

 here has his table chiefly furnished by bis agent in 

 F.ineuil Hall market. Southern corn has for a 

 long period been carted to Worcester : still large 

 sup^ilies go fiom Westboro' of certain articles. A 

 butcher who supplies vea', sends a two or four 

 horse team twice a week, and usually carries from 

 900 to 1100 weight of butter. He has sold this 

 season upwards of TOO calves. At Lancaster is a 

 ganlen of 13 acres, employing 4 men for a con- 

 siderable part of the year, from which supplies of 

 fresh flowers vegetables and seeds in their season, 

 go daily to Boston, and even sometimes as far as 

 New York. From this small tract it is said sales 

 to amount of $1,400 were made last year. 



The benefit of the Worcester Rail Road is more 

 and more devejoping itself. Persons now come to 

 this place from a distance of 12 to 15 miles, with- 

 out thereby materially lessening their distance 

 from the M. tropolis, in order to take advantage ot 

 the speed of the locomotives, to go and return the 

 same day, the most striking proof of bringmg 

 homo its couvenieu'-etoevery-day business which 

 has come under my observation. 



In my rides in this vicinity I have made one 

 observation which fa Is in with the objects of your 

 publication, and has | rompted me to address to you 

 the^e remarks. It is that in many placesscraps or 

 cuttingsof leather are thrown upon the traveller's 

 roadTror what purpose exc.pt that of iiijiir-, un- 

 less as a stg-n of the work done in the neighbor- 

 hood, 1 am at a loss to conjecture. 5 na\e imag- 

 ined (without knowing much of agriculture) that 

 they might benefit the land as manure, however 

 long in the process of decomposition, in.nead of 

 spoiling, so far as they go, the roa.'s ; especially if 

 it be true, as we are toil, that land is enriched by 

 bones, and woolen rags ground up, for twenty 

 yiiars : unil I know that in Polinsylvania, lands are 

 rendered productive by the use of lime, since they 

 have been able to make it che:!| ly by im.ans of 

 anthracite coal, and even without kilns, which were 

 formerly of little value. It was remarked tome 

 howevevat Grafton, that I saw no such slovenly 

 waste in their town : they have learnt an eco- 

 nomical use of their scraps as fuel. 1 leave to 

 others to determine w liich may be most profitable ; 

 for when burnt the ashes remain. 



ft has long struck me that neither manufactur- 

 ers nor farmers siiflii iently appreciate the benefit 

 of small savings — and the view I take of them 

 is, that after expenses are paid and subsistence ob- 

 tained, by the great results, all minute aid extri i 

 savings, are wholly and entirely clear and extra pro - 



business can be carried on to ndvaiilage; a valn- 

 iition of the exiien-^cs must likewise be made: in 

 this, as in the fi rcgoi-;ig part of my .statement, I 

 shall give ony the results of iny own experience. 



T lie expense of the necessary acconimodations 

 and utensis required for operating daily upon 

 10,000 lbs. of beet roots cannot bo defrayed with 

 less than 20.0( francs. 



If a permanent stream of vfater and a wine- 

 press can be made use of, the expense may be re- 

 duced to 13,000 francs. 



1 do not include buildings, since such as arc lit- 

 ccssary for this manufacture are to be found al- 

 most everywhere. 



1. The principle article in the expenses of n 

 manufactory of this kind is the cullivati.m of ilie 

 beets. Est'imating the jirice of 1,000 lbs. at ten 

 francs, isiilacing it at a rate by which the manu- 

 facturer will escape injury. 



Thus, l'>,000lbs. of roots being made use of 

 each day i" "'-''f- '''«» 10,(00 lbs. may be prepar- 

 ed for the rasp, the cost will be 120 francs. 

 2. The trimming of 12,000 

 lbs. at the rate of 60 cen- 

 cr 1,000 ll)s. of 



20 c. 



80 



fits. 



S. 



(From Clraplal's Acriculliir.il Chemistry. 1 



OX THE CULTIVATSO.V OP THE liEBT ROaT, 



N 1, -i liKEXTRACTJOX OF SUGAR FROM IT. 



(('(jDcluded.) 



T.\ELE OF THE PRODUCTS OF THE 0PERATI0.\ U7»'0N 

 10,000 LBS. OF BEF.T ROOTS I'ER DAY. 



Nature nfihe products. 



1 Hffiii'il J Utqu.ll. 

 sufjiir, I iiil qual. 



2. Tiimmiiigs 



3. Masli 



4. Molasses 



Total 2 '19+ kilogrammes 3"i2 Irs. 



While enumerating the products of beets, t have 

 neg'ected one, which is however of some inv,)or- 

 taiice ; it is the leaves. As soon as the middle of 

 Aiisiist, the leaves may be trimmed off to feed 

 animals; at the season of digging, an imnietLse 

 number of cows and sheep may be fed f)r eight 

 or ten days upon the leaves and necks thatarecut 

 off and thrown upon die ground. 



ON THE EXPENSE OF A BEET SUGAR MANUFACTORY. 



It is not enough to estimate the products of a 

 ' sugar manufactory, in order to know whether the 



tunes pc 

 trimmings, 



3. The wages of eight wo- 

 men emidoyed to tend the 

 rasps, carry the beets, &c. 

 reckoned at 60 centimes 

 per day, 



4. Hire of man and two hor- 

 ses for the establishment, 



5. Two men I'or the (iresscs, 



6. Inspector to the rasps and 

 presses, 



7. Two iiiPti at the boilers, 

 3. 50 kilogrammes per day 



of animal charcoal, 

 9. Value of coal consumed, 



10. Salary of the head refiner, 



11. Salary of a second refiner, 



12. Lighting,**? the building, 



Total, 192 frs. 50 o. 



This list coni| rises only the expenses of a day^s 

 labor; if the operations should be continued one 

 hundred days, the expenses would amount to 

 19,250 francs. 



Wlii'U the preparation of the juice and the 

 tnanufacturing of the brown sugar are comp'eted, 

 all the work people, excepting the two refiiiem 

 are dismissed ; these are enough for carrying on 

 the operation of refining. The expenses attend- 

 ant upon this last operation, which continues till 

 aiitunin, are as follows : 



1. Wiiges of the head refiner, 1,000 francs*, 



2. Wag. s of the second refiner, 500 



3. Wages of a laborer, 250 



4. For ai.imal charcoal, 300 



5. For pit coal, 700 



6. For whiles of eggs, and clay, 150 



Total, 2,900 franca. 



