X*. so. 18. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL 



141 



MAKDFACTURES. 



T. Coviiiiitoii, Midilleboro', best piece of 



wool clotli, $(3 00 



Samuel A. Frazier, Duxbiiry, best wool 



flannel, 4 00 

 Abiali Basset', Briclgewater, best pair wool 



blankeis, 2 00 

 Bethiab Brewster, Hadson, next best do 1 00 

 Sylvia C. Stetson, Duxbury, best piece car- 

 pet in/,', 6 00 

 Sally London, do next best do 4 00 

 VVate Holmes, BridgV, third best do 2 CO 

 Eunice Ripley, Hingliani, piece stair carpet- 

 ing-, ' 2 00 

 Olive Sliaw, Bridge'r, (aged 80) best beartli 



rug, 2 00 



Erneline Bates, Kingston, next best do, 1 50 



Mrs James Hall, N. Bridge'r, third best do 1 00 



Mary -Tollman, Sciluate, 4th best do 75 



Addison AKlen, Wnreliam, 5tb do do 50 

 Sarah Goodspeed, Duxbury, best woolen 



hose, 1 00 

 Mary Bennett, E. Bridge'r, second best do 50 

 Thalia E. Weston, Middleboro', best worst- 

 ed hose, 1 00 

 Mary C. Barker, Pembroke, second best do 50 

 Lucinda Beal, Hanson, best cotton hose, 1 00 

 Mrs Lambert, Bridge'r, second best do 50 

 Lucinda Beal, Hanson, best linen hose, 1 00 

 Mary Bennett, E. Bridge'r, second best do 50 

 Lucinda Carver, do best si;k hose, 1 GO 

 He|)zibah S. Brooks, Scitnate, second best do 50 

 iitrs Eben'r Pratt, Bridge'r, best bed spread 2 00 

 Betliia Brewster, Hanson, second best do 50 

 Hulda Wilbur, Bridge'r, third best do 50 

 Mary I). Ellis, Middleboro', best white cot- 

 ton do ' 1 00 

 Lois Scott, Bridg'r, wrought counterpane, 2 00 

 Emma 'J'ower, Hingliam, best patch bedquiit 2 00 

 Hasediah Chipman, Bridge'r, second do do 1 00 

 Aurelia Jacobs, Scitnate, third do do 75 

 Hannah Copeland, West Bridge'r, 4th best 



do 50 



Fear Thompson, Halifax, woolen bed quilt, 1 00 

 Cynthia Wood, Halifax, best linen table ' 



cloth, 3 00 



Charity W. Washburn, Bridg'r, next best do 2 00 



Susan Pickens, Middleboro,' third best do 1 50 



Hulda Wilbur, Bridg'r, best diaper (30 yds.) 2 00 



C. W. Washburn, do brown do (20 yds.) 1 00 



Olive Leach, do piece linen sheeting, 1 00 



Polly Aldcn, Duxbury, 40 skeins woolen yarn 1 50 



Priscilla Sampson, Pembroke, linen thread, 50 

 Howard & Clark, North Bridg'r, Sjdendid 



Mahogany Centre Table, 5 00 

 Morton Eddt, Chairman. 



WORKING oxen TND STEERS. 



Nine yoke of oxen were entered for premiums, 



six yoke of which drawed ; and there were four 

 yoke of steers entered, but three only presented. 



They all worked well, and the premium aro as 

 follows : 

 Van R. Swift, Bridg'r, best yoke of working 



oxen $S 00 



Martin Leonard, 2d do. next best do 6 00 



Ebenezer Pratt, best yoke steers, 6 00 



Ira Conant, next best do. 4 00 



Paschal Bassbtt, Chairman. 



The Acadian Recorder asserts that the iinmber 

 of the present mendiers of the Temperance Socie- 

 ties in Nova Scotia was stated to be 30,000. 



Framingham, Oct. 29, 1836. 



Mr Fessenden : — Some time ago T promised to 

 write you an article on Ploughs and Ploughing. 

 We farmers are rather set in our notions of hus- 

 bandry, and each of course prefers his own mode 

 until fully convinced of a better. 



Ploughing, is the most important operation in 

 husbandry, and should be closely attended to by 

 all who choose this mode, " to turn the world up- 

 side down ;" and with a good plough we can do 

 this with much less hazard to the coininunity than 

 our Political Mountebank:?, or Trades Union asso- 

 ciations. 



The best ploughing is that which most com- 

 pletely subverts the soil and buries beneath it the 

 entire vegetable growth. To effect this a good 

 plough is indispensable. Rough and stony ground 

 may indeed be rooted up by the short rooter 

 plough. Such lands are usually cross-ploughed 

 before planting. Plain fields require a different 

 instrument; a much longer plough is wanted here, 

 to turn the furrow flat without breaking and with- 

 out the aid of the Ploughman's foot. Such an in- 

 strument runs easier than n short one, because it 

 enters the earth more gradually, as a thin wedge 

 opens wood more easily than a thick one. The 

 forrow rises less suddenly on the inclined plane 

 of the mould board, and falls where it should do, 

 in the bed of the preceding furrow and complete- 

 ly fills it. To make sure work the coulter or cut- 

 ter sliouhl not stand perpendicular, but should 

 lean to the right being placed a little anglewise in 

 the beam for this purpose, and cutting the edge 

 of the furrow slice in a bevil form, it will then 

 shut in like a trap door. Let not my brother far- 

 mers be alarmed lest their lands be turned too flat ! 

 H'they wish to see them lie edge up, or shingled, 

 one furrow upon an another, or broken into short 

 junks, they can use a short rooter or a post, as the 

 Africans do. " But," say they, " the soil should be 

 light." Newly ploughed green sward always lies 

 too light the first summer and requires thorough 

 rolling and harrowing, to prevent its suffering for 

 want of moisture ; for unless the particles of earth 

 &c. come in contact, capillary attraction ceases 

 and the turned sod draws no moisture from the 

 subsoil. Hence our crops, in a dry season, suflers 

 more on green sward than on old ground. 



There is no danger of laying the green sward 

 furrow too flat ; if turned as it always should be, 

 when the grass is green, that and the roots soon 

 begin to decay, and in our summer months your 

 horses will break through the sod as he passes 

 and deiTionstrate to you that tha furrow does not 

 lie close enough. 



The advantages arising from this mode are, we 

 cover up and set to fermenting the whole mass 

 of vegetable matter that covered the soil — we 

 destroy all the noxious weeds — we render the 

 surface smooth and much more easy to manage, 

 and we avoid making loose and broken sods in 

 seeding down to grass — for the furrow thus laid 

 flat should never be disturbed till a new breaking 

 up after a course of grass crops. If seeded down 

 to grass in this state it will not lie so heavy and will 

 not want to be disturbed again so soon as if it nad 

 been completely pulverized before seeding. Ploughs 

 for our plains should, therefore, be made long — 

 they run more steady and cut the furrows more true : 

 and it is not green sward only thatshoiild be turned 

 flat — stubble land, weedy lands, cornbills, should 

 be ploughed flat, and that only once till the matter 



turned underneath is d<;eomposed. In preparing 

 corn land for spring sowing, therefore, a heavy 

 harrow should be first used. Make the sin face as 

 level as possible with this, ihen lettlie plough turn 

 the soil once over and no more before sowing. 

 This furrow may be as fine as you choose, but 

 when once you have turned this mass of stalks, 

 and weeds, and grass underneath, it is absurd to 

 disturb it during the same week or month — we 

 do much injury by ploughing too often — we un- 

 do our own work. 



The Ploughs in common use are quite too short 



in the waist. For thirty years past we have made 



no improvement in this instrument excepting in 



the regularity and smoothness of the tiiould board- 



Yoiirs, 



Wm. Bockmimster. 



It has been remarked that Rats frequently re- 

 pair to fields of grain for the purpose of procuring 

 their food easily, and that on the approach of win- 

 ter they return, wilh increased numbers, to their 

 more comfortable domicils in the barn, the stable, 

 or the cellar. This circumstance might be turned 

 to advantage, if proper pains were taken to destroy 

 the vermin before they leave the fields, and with 

 a good terrier this might be eflxctually done. A 

 (leg of this species belonging to the Coll. of H. 

 M. Customs here, killed sixtyfive rats in a field 

 here at three sets to. When it is recollected what 

 injury rats do to the foundation of buildings, and 

 what waste they create of provender and of all 

 kinds of vegetables, any mode which could be 

 adopted to extirpate them should be made gener- 

 ally kil«»wn — St. Andrews JY. B. Standard. 



TjlEf-'PFED OF Steamers.— 1 have myself proved 

 by ex|ierimeiit on canals, that when the speed of 

 the boat is increased beyond a certain limit, its 

 draught of water is rapidly diminishing, and in 

 the case of a large steam raft constructed on the 

 river Hudson, it was found that when the speed 

 was raised to twenty miles an hour, the draught of 

 water was diminished by seven inches. I have, 

 therefore, no doubt that the increased speed of 

 steamers is attended with a like eft'ect ; that, in 

 tact, they rise out of the water, so that although 

 the resistance is increased by reason of their in- 

 creased speed, it is diminished in a still greater 

 proportion by reason of their diminished immer- 

 sion. — hardner on the Steam Engine. 



Silk. — The National Gazette of the 18th ult. 

 has an ably written editorial article on the subject 

 of British and American finance,in which we find 

 the following bold though just assertion : 



Thirty years will make the Silk of the United 

 States a prodigious article of |)roductioi], a staple 

 second only to cotton. — Bait. Far. 



Silk Manufacture. — At Paris large planta- 

 tions of the mulberry tree have been commenced, 

 with a view of trying whether the climate in the 

 neighborhood of the city be not well adapted to 

 the production of raw silk, which is now import- 

 ed in great quantities from Italy. 



Mr Westbrook, of Muskingum Co. Ohio, has 

 found that the Chinese Mulberry grows with the 

 greatest luxuriance in that soil, and has this sea- 

 son raised to crops of worms, and two of cocoons 

 in succession. 



