294 



NEWENGLAND FARMER, 



until freezing; anil I will liazaril the 0|iiiu'ii,tliat 

 one bushel of apples thus maceralcfl, and jiassing 

 ihroii^'h the ineipient process of fennentalioii, will 

 have arquiieil moi-e nutriment ami richness, than 

 two bushels rou'd impart if fed whole, or imme- 

 diately after grinding. 



Thus matured, the apples are ready for the 

 swiil-l)arrel,and with the addition of the wash and 

 the wastage of the kiiehen, or even clean water, 

 till sufficiently diluted, will make a feed that hogs 

 do become so fond of, as to leave ears of corn that 

 may occasionally be given them, to fly to the 

 trougTi for their favorite beverage. I have no 

 doubt but the mass may still be bettered with the 

 addition of bran, or shorts, or any sweeping of 

 mills or granaries, the farmer may have on hand. 

 It is certainly very probable that a combination 

 of the carbonic, or a'kalescent gases of the jui- 

 ces of the apple, gave rise to the opinion among 

 some old farmers, that the cider made in their cir- 

 cular troughs, with a large wheel, was always 

 softer and sweeter, than that of the nut nrill, which 

 many would not use ; without any clieinical knowl- 

 edge or even thinking at that time, that the slower 

 J)rocess of the large wheel made the difference 

 they tasted in the liquor. 



Thus when we find that a good orchard, with 

 large pounders, or some cheap a))paratus for 

 grinding, would enable a farmer to winter a large 

 number of hogs, and cattle, and poultry for breed- 

 ing, or the spring market, when the high prices of 

 grain will induce him to reduce his winter slock 

 to the least possible number. If I was a farmer 

 on a smart scale, I would go to the expense of 

 putting up a cheap building to accommodate some 

 grinding machine, with a close cellar under the 

 whole to receive the necessary ajiples for winter 

 feeding, made tight, with good floor to preserve 

 them from freezing through the cold weather. 



MARCH 83, i-ar. 



BOSTON, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 22, 1837. 



FARRIERS' WORK. 



Fences— should be surveyed, and iheir defects recti- 

 fied, before cattle arepermilled lo waniler over the farm. 

 " A stitch in time saves nine," is an expressive adage, 

 particularly ip|.licable lo making and mending fences. 

 If cattle or sheep are once accustomed to low or insuf- 

 ficient fences, they will hardly be restrained by those of 

 the best quality. 



It has been practised by s.ime farmers to make fen- 

 cing posts very durable by the following simple pro- 

 cess : They bore a hole with an inch auger in that pan 

 of tho pos , which, when set will be just above the sur- 

 face of the earth, with such a slope us will carry ii 

 downward two or three inches. They then fill the hole 

 with s.ilt, which, we are told, will preserve the timber 

 from decay a very long time. 



In making fences of posts and rails, which in many 

 parts of tho country are best, it is advised by Mr Pres- 

 ton of Stockport, Penn., to set the posts wiih the lop 

 pans in the ground, and he asserts thai ihey will in that 

 position, last three or four times as .oug as when tliey 

 are set with the but ends down. He arises also, in 

 making fences, always to place the rails with ilie bean 

 side up. 



The best timber for rails, according to Dorior Deane, 

 is red cedar. It is easy to split, ligiu to carry and han- 

 dle, sufbcienlly strong, and the most durable of any — 

 In the Transactions of the Society of Arts in England, 



there is an account which states in substance, that posts 

 of oak, a.nd others of chestnut, were set down in Som- 

 ersetshire, where they had to undergo repairs in eigli- 

 leen years. The oak posts were then found to be un- 

 serviceable, and the chestnut very little worn. The 

 oak posts were renewed, the chestnut remained, and in 

 twentyfive years afterwards, they were not so much rot- 

 ted as the oak. 



Jf the loiver ends of posts are scorched before they 

 are put into the ground, they will last the longer. Some 

 recommend soaking them in sea water to keep them 

 from roltmg. The posts sliould be set at least two feet 

 in tl]r> ground. Some farmers cut their posts so long, 

 and mortise them in such a manner, that they can turn 

 them upside down, when the lower ends become rot- 

 ten. 



When ground is wholly subdued, and the stumps of 

 Its original trees quite rotted out, stone walls, if well 

 made, are the b.-st and cheapest fences On hard, san- 

 dy or gravelly soil, a wall tvill stand many years with- 

 out repairing. On a clay or miry soil, the foun.iaiion 

 should be laid in a trench, neatly as low as the earth 

 freezes. But a wall of flat or square shaped stones will 

 generally stand on any soil, if placed on the surface. 



A writer for the Genesee Farmer, gives the follow- 

 ing directions for '■ Plautuig Posts for Garden Fences 

 &c." 



Instead of filling the holes up with thecarth taken out 

 in digging' them, I would recommend filling in around 

 the pos-siivith leaehed ashes instead of common earth, 

 and topping off with 5 or 6 inches of unleacbed aslies 

 above the surface of the ground ; for it is generally be- 

 tween wind and water, as the sailors term it, that cir- 

 den-posts begin to decay. My reason for reconimend- 

 ng ashes is, that I have frequently found pieces of 

 board, hoops and staves buried under heaps of leached 

 ashes, which had lain there many years, and were quite 

 as sound as when first buried. No doubt many of your 

 readers have observed tlie same, in removing old ash 

 heaps near potash works. 



Valuable Improvement.— We have been pleased in 

 the examination of a highly important improvement of 

 the Pump, invented by Mr .\lbert Uisbee, and manufac- 

 tured by Mr Oliver Edwards, a mecbardc of the north 

 part of this city. It is a double acting suction and force 

 pump, of wonderful power ; with a cylinder two inches 

 m diameter, and seven inch stroke, h is work.-d hke 

 a common pump, and by its double aciion, tbnivvs acon- 

 linual slream It has a capacity for dischargimr tfftcf,, 

 gallons per minute, and with a pipe attached', will force 

 water upward o{ smenly five feet per jjcndiculiir. Its 

 structure is very neat, we may say beautiful. The valves 

 arc less liable to get nntof order than m any ot.ier pump 

 find when disordered, its construction is so simple that 

 the merest tyro in mechanics can t,ike it lo pieces. 



It can be fitted for any well, and is admirably calcu- 

 lated for factories, hotels and other large buildings — 

 With leading hose, water can he convoyed into every 

 room in a bouse, be it ever so extensive, and in case of 

 fire, in sufficient quantity to prevent many times a ter- 

 rible confl.igration. Wlial a safeguard it would be al- 

 lachcd to any building, especially in a large and com- 

 picily bu:lt city, where fires are so frequent. No build- 

 ing ought to be considered complete without it li is 

 also well adapted for a garden oi fire engine ; none oti. 

 er with which ue are acquainted combines .vo many 

 advantages. It is with ple.-.sure that we chronicle this 

 invention, and call the attention i.f our citizenn to il — 

 We believe that the benefits accruing to the city by its 

 general mtroducto.n, will bo very.great. A des-iructive 

 file often sweeps away our buildnigs and thousands of 

 property wh.n a timely and steady application of wa- 

 ter at us first out-breaking won d bave saved them 



The I ump may be seen and /uiiber explained al the 

 Agricultural Warehouse, 51, North iMarkel st. 



Agencv in HALirAX— We take great pleasure in an- 

 nouncing to our numerous and respected friends in the 



province of Nova Scotia, that an ar/.ingement has been 

 etr.-cied with Mr Edwird Brown, Halifax, to act as 

 agent for tlie New England .-^ecd Store. We have been 

 induced lo make this appointment, from a knowledge of 

 the growing interest which is felt there lo (,blain 6c?eds 

 and every article necessary in Agricultural operations! 

 from the United Slates, and not depend as formerly al- 

 together upon the niollier country for supplies A"ri 

 cuhiire IS improving in that province with a rapidity not 

 equalled by the most favored part of this continenl — 

 In I^J'^rV^ ind.calion of most prosperous success, 

 in tlie efforts of its iibcal cilizens, and the government 

 lo arouse and encourage ibe people to agriculluralpur- 

 suits. A late geologu-al report, shows that'the province is 

 not poor in inineralogical possessions, and the soil is 

 ahundanlly neb for yielding most of the staple produc- 

 lons of the earth. In the lighter and more pleasant 

 branches of cultivation too, they are progressin» Ex 

 peiimental gardening is held in estimation by mSny en- 

 terpnsing genllemen, who spare no pains to iniroduce 

 new pl.inis and flowers, for the floral garden, and new 

 vegetables and root.^ fir the kit. hen garden To show 

 how far they have succeeded in this, we will cite from 

 a letter written by a gentleman residing in Halifav di 

 nd last 12th July. He says : " VesterSay we had c'aut 

 iHowers {early cabbages, and early peas; the first in 

 llie market, and earlier than I recollect in any previous 

 season My experiments are succeeding beyond exnec 

 tation." Despite of cold climate, and\=hon ..easons 

 science and industry w,ll plant an Eden in that wov- 

 ince, anal frugality and contentment will people it 



At Mr Brown's Slore may be found a general assort- 

 ment of .seeds, and our friends, who are now at considera 

 ble expense, trouble and delay, to send to Boston can be 

 accommodated there with our s.-eds, Ac, includins ma! 

 ny new varieties of flowers, and any order intended for 

 us from distant paris of the province for Trees, Mmibs 

 Plants, (.rass and Pn-ld Seeds, if directed to M B own 

 will meet with the same prompt attenlio„,as though d": 

 reeled I'lunediately to our address. * 



We trust that tliis arrangementwill meet with satis- 

 faction, and result beneficially to all concerned.' 



Ladv;s Book --This Monthly is now published in 

 conmc ion with the Ead/s Magazine. Mrs S. J Ha e 

 I IS Ldii U-, has won a glorious reputation as a w'r'Jer' 

 and under her management the "Book" is cou^M ,' 

 pom of merit to any „t the numerous ma4mel of 

 England and America. Ibe numbers are enriXd will, 

 numerous contributions (rom Mrs ^•igourne v anH M 

 Sedgwick, Gould, and olhcrs of thaf co"s7elhlfo„ f 

 American female wrilers, whose nens ^°"'"'."''""" "f 

 (or the welfare of ihe countryr^ndZ^;; atifi^™ 

 religious senlimeni, and sound duty, ,|,'an all t,e po,i 

 iciaiis and patiiotic partisans in the land F-ir . / 

 berofib. Lady ;s Bo.!; ,s einbelhshcd wTlh an n "'"" 

 lug, and contains 48 pages, fbr $3 per annum ^^/oon 

 copies are circulated m this city. Weeks Jo.d n fc T- 

 Literary Booms, 121, Washin^n Street^Pubhsbets .''''• 



Pkepare kor Spring — As ibe se«on is fast «n 

 proa-hingwlien Clover and other grass seeds will 

 sown, we deem it adyi-able to bespeak for their future 

 p.islures and meadows, from our wrienlm,. i T. , 

 a liberal bestowal of se'ed. He";.bf "ow "l^' ^J 

 expect to reap ,n a proportionate degree, or t, ^»aZ ' 

 more weeds than hay. J„ every sod tbere are am L 

 supplies of the seed of every varieiy of wild and ^' 

 lou. fierbage, and if these are'not supVantrj'by a wlm": 

 some covering of artificial gias.ves, they will mt.^ i f 

 .ernunalc, and show their p^estilen',n,; to tli^m? 

 auci of proprietors, and the discomfort of Zlsu2'- 

 f.r ibe earth w,|| be bu.sy in despite of all the mal, eat' 

 ment .t receives at human hands.-/-«rm. ^ oZd 



, ^'^.^~v''' '"'T" ^T^ *''°"'" ™'"<^ specimens of silk 

 from he Nantucket Factory. That clmplotcd in Jan 

 uary ls3b, is good, but thin ; the specimens of 1837 dis" 

 pliiy avery great improvement, and the twilled 'silk 

 whi.h has a mixlu.c of the nankin color.^d cotton is an 

 adimrable article, and must so.,„ be in genera Us^ x" 

 IS gratifying to see how rapidly and prosperou.slv' the 

 silk looms are increasing.— JV. Y. Star. 



S3' A gentleman who has recently returned after 

 spending some weeks in the interior J, this s"!,?;,:;'; 

 lh.,1 all ibe peofde there are doing their best to econo- 

 mize bread sluffs and that ihe consumption of flour "s 



