AIND GAUDEINEjI'S JOURNAL. 



I'UIUJSnCI) r.Y JOSEPH IUIKCK & CO., no. 52 NOR'I'H market STKEET, (AnRicuLTURAL VVabehouse.)— T. G. FESSENUEN, EDITOR. 



A 01,. XV, 



BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARCH 29, 1837- 



N<r. 38. 



^^i^St^'&lLWW^^i,!^: 



GENKRAI^ PRINCIPI^ES OP REAUIKGi, NA?."- 

 AfctlNtJ AND FEEDING DOMESTIC ASIMAL.S. 



.\rter the liirtli,thi' first intpifi'i-i-nce oti tlie part 

 of M?an, sliould be tliiit of siipplyi'ijl the iiioiher 

 with fiiod of d li^lit and delirnte quality, coiiipar- 

 ed to that whirh she had lieen in tlie liabit of us- 

 ing, and also of ainiinlsteiing tlic. saii>e descrip- 

 tion of food to the oflfspiing, so far as it may hy 

 iis nature be able to use it. — The general treat- 

 ment should arcompany these operations ; and llie 

 opportunity taken of fauiiliariziiig hotli parent and 

 offspring with man, by caressing them, or at least 

 bv familiar trcatjnent on the part of the attendant. 



As the animal increases in size and stiengtli, 

 thi'y shoidd h'lve a!)undaiicc of air, (?xercise and 

 food, according to thidr natures; and whatever is 

 attemiited by man in the way of tatning or teach- 

 ingi'Shouhl l)e conducted on mihl and conciliating 

 principles, rather than on those of harshness and 

 compulsion. 



FOOD. 



Food, though it must he supplied in abundance, 

 ought not to be given, to satiety. Intervals of 

 resting and exercise must be allowed according to 

 circumstances. Even animals grazing on a rich 

 [lasiure, have been found to feed fiister when re- 

 moved from it once a day, and either folded or 

 put in an inf-.-rior pasture for two or three hnurs. 

 Stall-fed cattle and swine will have their flesh im- 

 proved in flavor by being turned out into a yard 

 or field once a day ; and many find that they feed 

 better, and produce better flavored meat when 

 kejit loose under warm she Is or hammels, one or 

 two in a division, a practice now very general in 

 Berwickshire. * * '* 



* * In general it may be ob- 



served, that if the digestive powers of the animal 

 are in a sound slate, the more food he eats, the 

 sooner will the desired result be obtained ; a very 

 moderate quantity beyond sufficiency, constitutes 

 an abundance : but by withholding this ad<litional 

 quantity, an animal, especially if young, may go 

 on eating for several years, without ever attaining 

 to fatness. 



eaOWING A.MMALS. 



In young growing animals, the powers of di- 

 gestion are so great, that they require less rich 

 food than such as are of mature age ; for the same 

 reason also they require more exercise. If rich 

 food is suiiplied in liberal quantities, and exercise 

 withheld, diseases are generated, the first of which 

 may be excessive fatness. * * 



Conmiou sense- will suggest the propriety of pre- 

 ferring a m'jdium course between very rich and 

 very poor nutriment. * * » 



Salt, it appears, from various experiments, may 

 be advantageously given to most animals, ii; very 

 small quantities; it acts as a whet to the appetite, 

 promotes the secretion of bile, and in general, is 

 favorable to health and activity. In this way on- 

 ly can it be considered as preventing or curing 



disease ; nnles.'? perhaps in the case of worms, to 

 which all saline and bitter substances are known 

 to he injm-ious. * * * 



Where a suflicient degree of warmth to pro- 

 mote the ordinary circulation of blood is not pro- 

 duced by the mtm-al climate, or by exe-cise, it 

 mubibe suppficd by an artificial climate. Hi, uses 

 and sheds are the obvious resouries both for-this 

 purpose, anil for |)rotection from extremes of wea- 

 ther. Cold rains and northerly winds are highly 

 injurious, by depriving the external surface of the 

 body of caloric more rapidly than it can be sup- 

 plied froin within liy respiration, and the action 

 of the stomach ; and also by conti-acting the pores 

 of the skin, so as to impede circulation. When 

 an animal happens to shed its covering, wliether 

 of hair, wool or feather.s, at such inclement sea- 

 sons, the effects an its general health are highly 

 injurious. The excessive heats of summer, by 

 ex])anding all the parts of the animal frame, oc- 

 casion a (iegree of lassitude, and want of energy 

 even in the stomach and intestines ; and while the 

 animal eats and digests less food itiaii usual, a 

 greater waste than usual takes place by perspira- 

 tion. Nature has provided trees, rocks, caverns, 

 hills and waters, to moderate these extremes of 

 heal and weather, and man imitates them by hov- 

 els, sheds and other biiildings, according to par- 

 ticular circumstances. 



Aia A.»)D WATKR. 



Good air and water it may seem unnecessary to 

 insist on ; but cattle and horses, and even poultry 

 pent up in dose buildiuL'S, where there are no fa- 

 i^ilities for a change of the atmosphere, often suf- 

 fer on this account. A slight degree- of fever is 

 ]u-oduced at first, and after a time, when the habit 

 of the animal liecomes reconciled to such a slate, 

 a retarded circulation, and general decay or dim- 

 inution of the vital energies takes place. 



MODK.KATF, F.XERCISr. 



Moderate exercise ought not to be dispensed 

 with, where^the flavor of ainmal produce is any 

 object : it is known to promote circulation, jiers. 

 piration and digestion, and by consequence to in- 

 vigorate the appetite. Care njust be taken, how- 

 ever, tmt to carry exercise to that ))oint where it 

 becomes a labor instead of a recreation. In some 

 cases, as in feeding swine and poultry, fatness is 

 hastened by promoting sleep and preventing mo- 

 tion, rather than encouraging it, but such animals 

 cannot be considered healthy fed ; in fact their 

 fatness is most commonly the result of disease. 



TRANQUII-LITT. 



Tranquility is an obvious requisite, for where 

 the passions of brutes are calleil into action, by 

 whatever means, their influence on their bodies is 

 often as great as in the human species. Hence 

 the use of castration, complete or partial separa- 

 tion, shading from too much light, protection from 

 iuscetSj dogs, and other annoying animals, and 

 from the too frequent intrusion of man, 



CLEA^LINF.SS. 



Cleanliness is favorable to health, by ]>romoting 

 perspiration and circulation. Animals in a wild 



state attend to this part of their economy them- 

 selves ; but in proportion as they are cultivated or 

 brought under the control of man, this becomes 

 out of their ])Ovver ; and to insure their subservi- 

 ency to his wishes, man must supply fcy art tlds 

 as well as olher pans of culture. Combing and 

 brushing stall-fed cattle and cows, is knov,m to 

 contribute materially to health ; though washing 

 sheep with a view to the cleaning the wool, often 

 has a Cfvntrary eft'oct from the length of lime the 

 wool requires to dry. » » * 



COMFORT. 



Unquestionably, an animal may be well fed, 

 lodged and cleaned, without being comfortable in 

 every respect ; and in brutes, as well as man, want 

 of comfort operates on the digestive powers. If 

 the surface of a stall, in which an ox or a horso 

 stamls, deviates much from a level, he will contin- 

 ually be unea.sy ; and he will be uneasy during 

 the night, if its surface is rough, or if a proper 

 bed of litter is not prepareil every evening for 

 him to repose p-Ti. The form of racks and man- 

 gers is often IcJs commodious than it might be. — 

 A hay rack which iirojects forward is bad ; be- 

 cause the animal in drawing out the hay is teased 

 with the hay seeds falling in its eyes or ears: and 

 this form^Jt may be added, is apt to cause the 

 breath of the animal to ascend through its food, 

 which must after a time, render it nauseous. For 

 this r.^ason, hay should He as short a time as pos- 

 sible in lofts, but when practicable, be given di- 

 rect from the rick. 



[From the S,-ilem Gazette.) 

 Mr Editor, — Will you please to insert in your 

 paper the following interesting facts of a cow rais- 

 ed and owned by Mr Sanuiel Bradstreet of this 

 town, which he killed this winter at the age of 21 

 years'. This cow has brought him 18 calves which 

 have been worth when five weeks old, $5 



each, ^90 0° 



She has furnished him at a moderate cal- 

 culation, 6 quarts of milk per day for 9 

 months in each of the last 18 yrs. which 

 ha.s been worth 5 cents per quart, mak- 

 ing the sum of 1474 20 

 Now Mr Bradstreet goes into this nice cal- 

 culation, and says, when 1 killed " Old 

 Star," this winter, she was worth at 

 least, for she was very fat, $25, 25 00 



$1589 20 



Then ho sets to " Old Star's " Dr. us 

 follows : 

 Had I killed her when a calf she would 



have been worth $o 00 



Cost for keefiingtill she was 



3 years old, 15 00 



"ost for keeping the last IS 



years, at $20 per year, 3(j0 00 



^ 380 00 



Balance in favor of" Old Star," $1209 20 



Now, Mr. Editor, perhaps some may doubt the 



