VOL wii, \o. a. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURN^ L 



13 



losses and fiiilures of wheat have caused almost I vegetable a sufficient s.ipply of oxygon to convert may intervene and delay the harvest too long -J. 

 evory farmer to withdraw some portion of his fields | all the carbon into carbonic acid, and all the hy- Dead ripe grain wastes much in harvesting. S. Lar- 

 (the part promising the least product,) from wheat I drogen into water ; hence, if there be not a suffi- 

 ' . , ,'■..• _^_ Til,,, «,..,,^ ;o ( «:«»,* ciir»r»l,r f\? nvrtfpn to nrndtice these comnounds 



ly cut grain makes the best flour. 4. When any 



culture and substituting' oats or rye. ' The crop is cient supply of oxygen to produce these compounds j.ortion of the culm or straw has ripened, or become 

 now so' far advanced inlower Virginia, that it may | presented from external sources, as from^lho air, dry, there is ,"",''"'l''".^"PP'y_°^_'^""_"''™;'„",' ,°^, 



be considered out of danger, except from continued 

 wet weather during the time for harvest, by which 

 cause we have known of one crop (in 1821) nearly 

 lost, after it was ripe enough to be reaped. The 

 weather now (June 35th) is very favorable. 



Harvest was begun on some the most highly 

 improved marled land on James River on the IStli 

 inst with purple straw wheat — which was as early 

 as what is called May wheat, elsewhere was ready 

 for the scythe. There has been a predominance of 

 cold weather for the time of year through the last 

 (iO days or more, and the growth and ripening of 

 wheat were every where more bacl^ward than 

 usual." 



The Cliarleston papers make remarks similarly 

 encouraging of the crops in the northern part of 

 South Carolina and Georgia. 



A correspondent of the Journal of Commerce, 

 writing from Ontario county. New York, estimates 

 the wheat crop as the largest they have had in 

 twenty years. 



The New York Commercial Advertiser says : 

 "During the course of a short ride on Long Is- 

 land a day or two since, we had some opportunity 

 to learn the prospects as to the crops in Queen's 

 county tills season. Never was there a fairer bid- 

 ding for an abundant yield than there is at the 

 present time. The wlieat fields in particular are 

 very fine. Rye and corn are also doing very well, 

 though the latter has suffered in some instances 

 from the ravages of the grub worm. The hay crop, 

 which the farmers are now gathering in, will be 

 very largo." 



In fact, the accounts from all parts of tlie country 

 are but an echo of the same opinions. All unite in 

 saying that there is every prospect to believe that a 

 more abundant harvest will be gathered than has 

 blessed tlie country for many years. — Rhode Island 

 Country Journal. 



the two other matters are formed, one of which ' the soil ; and the grain then gets as much food 

 (carbonic oxide) requires a less quantity of carbon from the cut as it could get from the standing 

 than the carbonic acid, wliile the other (carburetted straw. TIence, when the straw turns yellow under 

 hydro"'en) requires no o.xygen, consisting of carbon ; the ear, however green the rest part of it may be, 

 and hydrogen. the grain should be cut. And when the straw bc- 



In vegetables which decay under water, carbu- j comes badly affected with rust or mildew, the soon- 

 retted hydrogen is abundantly formed ; hence ari- i er it is cut the better. 



ses the gas which is found so plentiful in summer ' Do not put tlie. plough into your com, if you have, 

 in stao-nant waters containing quantities of putrefy- 1 as you may have for a trifle, a cultivator or horse- 

 ino- veo-etables. ' hoe. It severs the roots, which are the mouths of 



°The spontaneous decomposition of vegetables j the plants, turns up and wastes the manure, which 

 goes on most rapidly when they are exposed to the should always be applied to this crop, and deprives 

 air, kept moist, and preserved at a degree of warmth ; the plants of more than half their pasture. Hilt 

 higher than the usual temperature of the atmo's- i your corn 6u( .s/ig-M/i/. Hilling renders it more lia- 

 phere. Putrefaction is retarded or almost prevent- j ble to suffer from drought, and induces it to throw 

 ed if the vegetable be dried, so that its own mois- | out a new set of roots, the old ones being in a man- 

 ture is expelled, carefiiUy excluded from air and I ner useless, by being buried too deep, and beyon(J 

 moisture, aud kept coli The influence of heat in | the reach of the influence of heat and air, the in- 

 promoting the decay of vegetables depends upon j dispensable agents of nutrition and vegetable 

 the repulsive power it possesses, by which it dis- , growth. — Cultivator. 

 poses the various elements to assume the gaseous 



form. Animals and vegetables are frequently found 

 in snow or ice, in a high state of preservation. 

 Such are the changes which go on in the dead 



WORKING DRESS FOR FARMERS. 



Every person should be clad in a dress adaptecJ 

 to his oecupatidn or calling ; this indicates sound 



- - . 1 1 1 ■• ' l-" "'= Ulil-UpU.l.HJli Ul .mailing , W..O ..,u.v,uo„,i .,,,,...« 



plant. That mysterious agent, Life, is able by it^ j :„(]<,^,<3„t ^^a good taste, and enables a family to 

 peculiar power, to control and overcome the cbcmi- ^^^^^ ^ ^^^^^ ^-^^^^ ^^^^^ j^jj^^^ ,„ ^^^ ^^^^.^^ „j- ^ 

 cal attractions which tend to produce these chan- I ^^^^ j^ ^^^ country, but liUle attention has been 

 ges, and retains these elements in that state of i .^^ ^j^-^ jniportant matter, and much unneces- 



combination best adapted for the performance of j expense is annually incurred for want of 



their proper functions: at the moment however, m'^^ (;„„ ^ ^heap and simple costume for a work- 

 which life ceases to superintend the exercise of , .^^ ^^^,^^^ ,^|^j^,^ ^,,g ^i^^^,,,j ^^^^ ^e afraid of having 

 these fiinctions, they cease and the chemical attrac- 1 ^."^.^^ ^^ j^.^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ business we are engaged 

 tions, no longer restrained by the vital principle, .^^ ^^^ ^,^;^^ ^^^ j^^ ^^-^j^jy ^^^ ^^^ ^^ „g- ^^ „,.. 



DECOMPOSITION OR PUTREFACTION OP 

 VEGETABLES. 



All vegetables, when the principle of life has de- 

 parted from them, begin spontaneously to be de- 

 composed (to putrefy.) The elements which enter 

 into the composition of plants, when left entirely 

 to the disposal of their chemical affinities, have a 

 tendency so separate from each other, and form new 

 compounds very different from those which com- 

 pose the living plant. This is termed the " spon- 

 taneous decomposition " of vegetables. The sub- 

 stances formed by the new arrangement of the ele- 

 ments of tlie vegetable are aerial and colourless : 

 hence tlie entire disappearance of the vegetable, as 

 if it had been totally annihilated when life ceased 

 to preserve its particles together in the vegetable 

 form. 



The compounds formed, when the vegetable dies 

 and putrefaction goes on, are, carbonic acid, water, 

 carbonic oxide, and carburetted hydrogen. The two 

 former are the chief results of the decomposition ; 

 the two latter formed more sparingly, and princi- 

 pally when there is not a free supply of oxygen to 

 the substance undergoing decomposition. The 

 carbo.T and liydrogen of the plant have a constant 

 tendency to unite with oxygen, and form carbonic 

 .acid and water. 



obtain full sway. The carbon, oxygen, and hydro- 

 wen, formerly existing in the state of wood, bark, 

 leaves, fruit, or seeds, obey the laws of chemistry, 

 return to the state of carbonic acid, water or inflam- 

 mable gas mix with the earth and atmosphere, af- 

 ford nutriment to new plants, again form leaves, 

 flowers, and all the beautiful and diversified organs 

 of the vegetable creation — again wither and decay, 

 and return to the soil to supply new generations, 

 and continue the same series of unceasing revolu- 

 tions. — Cliemistrtj of JVaiure. 



casion may require. In France, where convenience 

 and economy has been studied by the agriculturist, 

 there is a particular dress worn, which contributes 

 much to comfort, and has a very neat and pleasing 

 appearance. It much resembles what is called the 

 'hunting shirt" in this country, is made for sum- 

 mer wear of unbleached linen, comes half way 

 down to the knees, has a breast pocket on each side 

 with buttons, and an open slit in the seam on each 

 side opposite the pantaloon pockets, to give ready 

 access to them'; the collar fastens witli a hook and 

 eye, and two buttons close the bosom slit. Around 

 HINTS FOR JULY. jj^g ^,j^jgj jg ^ jjgjj. either of the same material, or 



From a belief of its utility, confirmed by several of leather buckled in front, 

 years' practice, we earnestly recommend a trial, to This dress, whicli in France is called ' Bleuse,' 

 those who have not adopted the practice, of caring ] is cheap, light, cool, convenient, tidy, good looking 

 their clover hay and such as abounds in clover, in ; and tasty, and consequently every way adajited to 

 GRASS COCKS, instead of spreading and curing it in ' the every day business of the farmer and gardener, 

 the old way. It will save labor, save hay, and add , ^nd ought to be worn by men and boys when en- 

 much to the value of that v/hich is housed. As ! gaged in their daily work, to the exclusion of the 

 soon as the grass has become wilted in the swath, 1 inappropriate and inconvenient dresses with which 

 and the external moisture evaporated, and by all j many are attired. 



means before any of the lea-ves become dry and \ ^ — 



crutnble, put the grass in grass cocks, as small at '[ Silk Ribbon in great perfection is manufactured' 

 the base as possible, not to exceed a yard in diam- ■, by Messrs S. & T. Whitmarsh, at their Factory 

 eter, and taper them off, by adding forkfulls, to the ; near South Street Bridge. The loom use-i was 

 apex, which may be four to five feet from the ' constructed by Mr F. Downing, of Enfiel;',, and a 

 ground. Leave them undisturbed at least 48 hours ' more perfect and beautiful piece of machinery we 

 and until you are pretty certain of sun or a drying have rarely seen, it is capable of we^xving four- 

 wind ; then open tlie cocks, and if once turned, the teen pieces of Ribbon of differc;,! widths at the 

 curing will be complete in three or four hours, same time, and it does weav^ their» exquisitely, 

 scarcely a leaf will be wasted, and the hay will be Some specimens which we h' j^^g in 'jur possession, 

 bright, fragrant, and will keep well. the product of this machi'-^g^ ^^^ no.t surpassed by 



' Cat small grain before it becomes dead rl^c. i'ov any Ribbon of foreigr ^ i^aiiufactvue. — J^ortliamp- 

 Now there is never present in the the following reasons : 1. If omitted, bad weather ton Courier. 



