V<JL.. XVII, NO. 11. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



83 



elay, tlie Committee will arrange their names by 

 Dt, and it will be required that each person be on 

 he sround with his team, in readiness to com- 

 nence tho work when his name is called by the 

 tfarshal. 



All competitors are notified that the conditions 

 irescribed by the Trustees, and published in their 

 lill of premiums oftered, must bo strictly complied 

 nth. Those who have not been furnished with 

 hose bills, may obtain them of Edwin Conant, Esq. 

 ir of the Chairman of the Committee of Arrange- 

 nents. 



The Committee have the satisfaction of stating 

 hat the Trustees, for the purpose of rendering the 

 Show more interesting, have authorized them to 

 )ffer a gratuity of 850 for the exhibition of a team 

 )f working oxen, to consist of not less than CO 

 ^okes, befonging to the same town, and such as 

 ihall be approved by the Committee on working 

 ;attle. 



John W. Li-ncol>-, ~( 



F. W. Paine, | 



Isaac Southgate, | Committee 



Thos. Chamberlain, j> of 



Isaac Davis, | Arrangements. 



T. W. Bancroft, ] 



James Estabp.ook, j 



The Beet Sugar Company in this town have 

 lire.l the buildings erected near the Canal House 

 'or an Iron Foundry, together with the Steam en- 

 gine. 



The manufacture will be carried on upon the 

 aerman principle of drying, grinding and making 

 )f the powder a strong decoction of syrup for crys- 

 :alizinn-. Farmers can get five dollars a ton for 

 :heir beets — contracts have been made at that price 

 where 20 tons to the acre is expected. This is 

 loing well for the farmer, and if at this rate the 

 nanufacturer can do well too, the whole process, 

 .Till succeed and drive out of use the cane sugar 

 jntirely, which has been manufactured iu China 

 every since tlie days of Moses. 



The following is the first European account of 

 the sugar manufacture of China, from which its 

 great antiquity may be inferred. It would indeed 

 be most astonishing if the sweet cane, warmed by 

 a tropical sun furnishing for 4000 years the only 

 material for sugar, should now give way to the cold 

 under ground watery beet. 



It is singular how sugar, like cotton and tobacco, 

 the two first but little known to the nations of an- 

 cient Europe, the last not least of all, has become 

 a principal article of commerce throughout tlie 

 whole civilized world since the discovery of Ameri- 

 ca. The first knowledge of Sugar was carried into 

 Europe by the soldiers of Alexander, who returned 

 from the expedition to India. It is described by 

 one author as " honey extracted from canes or reed." 

 Strabo says, on the authority of Nearchus, Alex- 

 ander's Admiral, who sailed down the Indus to its 

 moudi, that "honey is obtained in India without 

 bees." 



Pliny says it was obtained from reeds like a gum 

 and was light colored and hard when taken between 

 the teeth. It is plain that the sugar thus described 

 ) is sugar candy, and that it was obtained by the 

 I Romans and Greeks from China. It is well ascer- 

 , tained that the Chinese have known and practised 

 I the art of making sugar candy from the highesl 

 j antiquity. The Saracens were the first to bring 

 1 sugar into Europe in large quantities, and they also 



brought with them the art of manufacturing and 

 refining it. These people conquered some of the 

 islands in the Mediterranean and some extent of 

 coast on that sea, and among their fruits of the 

 conquest was the introduction of the sugar plant. 



From the shores and islands of the Mediterra- 

 nean, the knowledge and use of sugar were spread 

 over Western Europe by the crusaders. Tlie plant 

 was afterwards carried bythe Spaniards to the Ca- 

 nary Islands, and thence, after the discovery of 

 America, to the islands and continent of the New 

 World. This is what the Spaniards pretend, and 

 it may be true ; but if we may believe Edwards's 

 history of the West Indies, the plant grew wild 

 both in the islands and in the continent long be- 

 fore the arrival of Columbus. Its use is now al- 

 most as universal as that of salt or flour, and through- 

 out the whole civilized world, the rich and poor, 

 the nabob and the day laborer, pay their daily trib- 

 ute to the cultivator of the sugar cane.— Hampshire 

 Republican. 



CURE OR PREVENTION OF MURRAIN. 



The Cultivator publishes a correspondence On 

 the subject of this fatal disease in cattle, in which 

 a Maryland farmer recommends tar as an efficacious 

 cure and more perfect preventative. As a simple, 

 cheap, and safe prescription, it deserves attention 

 and farther experiment to test its efficacy. The 

 mode of administering it is as follows : 



" I tie my cow in the stable, then let a strong 

 man hold her by the nose and horn, then take the 

 paddle we commonly use for greasing the wagon, 

 dip it in the tar bucket, taking up as much as will 

 stick to it, say from a gill to half a pint, open the 

 cow's mouth, and put it as far back on her throat 

 as possible without hurting her ; hold the paddle in 

 her mouth long enough for her to work the tar off" 

 of it. I do the same to every cow, and repeat the 

 operation every two or three weeks the year through 

 at the same time rubbing a quantity of tar about 

 the cow's horns and face, forehead and nose ; like- 

 wise smear plenty of tar about the mangers and 

 troughs. Before I commenced with the above rem- 

 edy, I lost a number of my best cows, but we called 

 the disease the horn distemper or murrain. I have 

 had cows taken when in fine order, I might say al- 

 most fat enough for beef, they would linger a few 

 days and die — the horns when examined would al- 

 ways be hollow, and mostly dry — urine sometimes 

 bloody. It is a distemper sometimes caused by 

 cows drinking impure water. I would advise you 

 to try it, always bearing in mind that it is neces- 

 sary for the cow to swallow a good portion of the 

 tar. Since I have used tlie tar, about two years, I 

 have not had one of my cows diseased in any way, 

 and one of ray neighbors, whose cows were for- 

 merly diseased, has used it for a long time with 

 the most complete success. I give the tar to hor- 

 ses, sheep and hogs, and think it good for them." 



out of fifteen, and other stock i" proportion. The 

 disease makes its appearance on tlie breast of tlie 

 animal, nearly between the fore legs, commencing 

 at first with a slight swelling, extending finally to 

 the throat, and generally proves fatal in about ten 

 hours. No cause can be assigned for this singular 

 complaint, as it attacks animals in good order, that 

 are regularly fed and eat nothing but such feed as 

 is given them, indiscriminately with those that are 

 running at large. The disease always making its 

 appearance on the same part of the animal, seems 

 to preclude tlie belief that it can be from any poi- 

 sonous insect. Numbers of deer are found dead in 

 the neighboring wood, affected from appearances, 

 in the same manner. The complaint seems to be 

 confined to hoofed animals, as the dogs have fat- 

 tened on the carcasses without being affected. 



Sheep Worm.— There is a fly that deposites its 

 egis in the nostrils of sheep, usually in August and 

 September, wheie it hatches, and then makes its 

 way up into the head and often causes death. The 

 frequent application of tar to the noses of sheep, is 

 considered tlie best preventive. Put tar on boards 

 and strew on salt, and the sheep will smear tiieir 

 noses with tar in eating the salt. The following 

 method is recommended by some sheep master. — 

 Take a small log, dress it a little upon the upper 

 side, bore holes into it with a large augur at short 

 intervals, about two or three inches deep, fill these 

 holes with salt, and with a brush apply tar as often 

 as once a week around the holes, and give the sheep 

 daily access to the salt. A small quantity of tar 

 frequently given to'sheep is considered conducive 

 to their health. Alexander Reed, Esq. of Wash- 

 ington Co. Penn. observes, " we have long been 

 satisfied that the use of tar as a medicine or con- 

 diment for sheep has not been duly appreciated. 

 The cough and foul nose, I am disposed to think, 

 are both produced from the same disease. When 

 we notice them we lose no time in removing them 

 from the flock, and make a free xise of tar. It rarely 

 fails to eflect a cure in a few days, unless the ani- 

 mal is old or unsound." — Genesee Farmer. 



Manchester, (Miss.) July 28. 

 Fatal Disease among Animals. — Within the 

 last two weeks a disease has prevailed among the 

 stock on Silver Creek, in Washington County, 

 which has swept off" nearly evefry horse, mule, cow 

 and hog in the neighborhood. The Creek is set- 

 tled by'extensive planters, who require large num- 

 bers of horses, oxen, &c. to cultivate their planta- 

 tions ; and we learn, that on Major Woolfolk's 

 plantation, out of twenty-one horses, sixteen died 

 in the last few davs. Mr J. J. Hughes lost twelve 



Rohan Potato and Fruit Trees. — J. D. Le- 

 gare, of Grey Sulphur Springs, Va. wishes us to 

 advise him, to whom he shall apply at Paris, for 

 Rohan potatoes and fruit trees. All of these we 

 can furnish to Mr Legare, as we are growing them 

 all for sale in our grounds ; but if Mr L. is partic- 

 ularly desirous of obtaining them from France, 

 we recommend that he apply through Messrs. Vil- 

 morin, Andrieux & Co. Seedsmen, Paris. As to 

 the character of the Rohan potato, we have no 

 hesitation in saying, that, according to the seed 

 sown, it is far the most productive of any variety 

 we know. We cannot judge so well of its quality 

 for the table, never having tasted of but one. We 

 should class it second, though others class it frst, 

 among our good northern potatoes. — Cultivator. 



Innate Appktitks. — Sir George McKenzie, in 

 his Phrenological Essays, mentions the following 

 curious fact, witnessed by Sir James Hall : he had 

 been engaged in making some , experiments on 

 hatching eggs by artificial heat, and on one occa- 

 sion observed in one of his boxes, a chicken in the 

 act of breaking from his confinement. It hajipened 

 that just as the creature wes getting out of its shell, 

 a spider began to run along the box, when the chick- 

 en darted forward, seized and swallowed it. 



