SUPPLEMENT TO THE NEW ENGLAND FARM EH 



we advanced it, we did not suppose ami did not 

 even presume, that any one else would think we 

 were advancing any new theory. 



Turner, in his elements of Chemistry says, milk 

 carefully deprived of its cream, has a specific grav- 

 ity of 1,033 and 1,000 parts of it are thus constitu- 

 ted water 948,75 caceous matter with a trace of 

 butter 28 ; sugar of milk 35 ; nmriatc and phos- 

 phate 1,95; lactic acid, acetate of jiotassa, and a 

 trace of lactate of iron G, and eartliy phosphates 

 0,3. Subtracting the caceous matter, the remain- 

 ing substance constitutes whey. 



He states the specific gravity of cream to be 

 1024 and 100 parts of it to consist of butter 4.5, ca- 

 ceous matter 3..5, and whey 92. Hy agitation, as 

 in tlic process of churning, the butter assumes a 

 solid form and is thus obtained in a separate state. 

 During the operation there is an increase of tem- 

 perature amounting to about 3 or 4 degrees, oxygen 

 gas is absorbed, and an acid is generated ; but the 

 absorpfion of o.xygen cannot be an essential part 

 of the process, since butter may be obtained by 

 churning, even when atmospheric air is entirely ex- 

 cluded. — Maine Farmer. 



From the M.tilie F.inner. 



UP EAST versus DOWN EAST. 



We never yet understood the reason why the re- 

 gion hereabouts should bo called " down East." 

 Is it because it is nearer to sunrise that the regions 

 farther west ? Certainly that should not give it 

 the cognomen by which it is so commonly known. 

 When the sun is setting, it is usually^aid the sun 

 is going down. Surely, then, it would be more 

 proper to say down Jf'est, than down East. 



We therefore contend that the term should be 

 changed, and Up East be used instead of Down 

 East — There are divers other reasons why that 

 appellation should be used by our sister New-Eng- 

 land States, a few of which we will mention. And 

 first — we are the largest in point of extent of ter- 

 ritory. If examined in that point of view, the 

 others must look up to us, something as the mouse 

 looks up to the elephant, and surely it would sound 

 rather odd to hear Mr Mouse say, I am going down 

 upon the Elephant. In tlie next place, we have 

 more lumber tlian all the rest of New England. 

 There is no mistake but Uiat they must look up to 

 us in that line of business. We are certainly up 

 East in that respect Again, we have more gran- 

 ite than all New England besides, so that here 

 again we must be looked up to for a supply of that 

 valuable article. Again we have more lime than 

 all the rest of New England, and they have long 

 been in the habit, especially in the maritime ports, 

 of looking up to us for that article. Again, we 

 have more slate thnn all the rest of New England 

 — and the day is not far distant when those who 

 want this article, will look k/j to us for it, with the 

 same solicitude that they do for the others. We 

 have also long been in the habit of sending out 

 immense herds of beef cattle and howes — and it 

 is well known tliat Old Massachusetts, at least, lias 

 habitually looked up to us for this kind of stock : 

 and that her drovers come xip to us for their sup- 

 ply of cattle every fall, as regularly as the falls 

 come round. .Vnother reason is, we are beginning 

 to " look up" ourselves. 



Our agriculture is improving. Our farmers are 

 rousing up their energies and intellects ; they are 

 brushing up tlieir farms ; they are clearing tip the 



forest ; they are breaking up tlicir fallow ground, 

 tiiey are putting up new houses ; they are filling 

 up their store liouses and granaries with bread ; 

 tliey are bringing up their children to take a pride 

 in the calling of a Farmf.r. Every thing is up- 

 ward ; it is no longer down East. The Mechan- 

 ics, too, are looking up. They have got up a splen- 

 did Fair, which was hold last week. They, too, 

 are waking each other up and doing. They are 

 calling upon one another to be up and doing. They 

 are every year introducing new inventions, and giv- 

 ing up old ones for better. Every thing begins to 

 be UPWARD, and no longer downward. Why, then, 

 should the old phrase " down East" be used ? We 

 move. Sir, that it be changed to Up East, and call 

 for the yeas and nays. 



ON COWS. 



Mr Editor, — Permit me to intimate that I be- 

 lieve that we farmers have not paid attention 

 enough to the properties of our cows. 



I, for one, have noticed the following failings or 

 bad properties in cows. 



1. One gives poor, or skimmed milk, or what is 

 little better. 



2. Another gives very little of it 



3. So hard to milk, that the milk is worth little 

 if any more than the labor of milking. 



4. So easy to part with her milk, that she scat- 

 ters it wherever she is found, in a few hours after 

 milking. 



5. The milk comes from one side of the end of 

 the teat, and spatters all around. 



C. Gives milk from less tlian four teats. 



7. Often gargetty and unhealthy. 



8. A miserable feeder — will eat nothing but 

 the best. 



9. Breachy — jumps and breaks down fences. 



10. She will kick one over when near her or 

 attempting to milk her. 



11. So cross to other stock as to render it dan- 

 gerous to leave her with them. 



12. A great rawny built cr'feature ; made, it 

 would seem, to eat much more than she earns — or 

 more than her milk is worth. 



13. Teats so small that it is difficult to milk 

 her. 



14. Goes dry nearly half the time while with 

 calf. 



15. Fails to discharge what is necessary after 

 calving. 



Hence, if we wish to purchase a cow, we should 

 always do it of a person of trutli, — one who will 

 charge a fair price for a cow ivhicb he says has 

 none of the before-named failings. Such a cow, 

 of suitable age, we need not fear of giving too 

 high a price for ; instead of this, most cows are 

 sold because they have some of the failings I have 

 named, and of course are only fit for beef; and 

 the sooner they are in the beef barrel, tlie better, 

 — as beef now bears a good price. 



Some of the fellings I have mentioned, may, it 

 is true, be borne with for a time, until we can get 

 a cow as clear of them as may be. 



I only add that we keep cows witli some of the 

 worst failings named, — such as giving poor milk, 

 — and do not even know it, having never placed 

 the milk by itself, to test it 



Size is not to be regarded much, merely for a 

 milch cow ; although a large one may be better to 

 breed oxen from. C. 



— Maine Far. 



IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURAL IMr 

 I PROVE.MENT. 



I From ijie Indiana Farmer. 



j It is by comparison that we estimate the va,liie 

 ' and qualities of things. If our stock of cattle, 

 horses, sheep and hogs are as good as those in our 

 neighborhood or as any that may have been no- 

 ticed, we call them good. We have good crops of 

 jcorn, and grain of all kinds, if we see no better ; 

 ( and a good or poor farm by the same comparison. 

 ' But when we extend our researches a little beyond 

 j our own precincts, we often find that what we have 

 been accustomed to c.;ll good or poor, will not be 

 applicable in the same sense that we have hereto- 

 fore viewed the terms, and a different standard is 

 necessary. Some, after visiting Rocky river, or 

 Black Hawk country, come home with difiercnt 

 ideas of the quality of soils and look upon tlieir 

 heretofore good farms, with an eye of indifference, 

 and naught will do but to sell off and commence 

 anew in the wilds of tlie farthest west. They are 

 highly delighted with the rich prairie country, and 

 dwell largely on the advantages untold. They are 

 too often partial in their comparisons, and forget 

 that the soil of their farms is susceptible of great 

 improvement, and that they possess many comforts 

 and privileges at iiome, that they must for a long 

 time be deprived of in their new location. Such 

 perhaps had better migrate, and leave tlieir im- 

 provements to be occupied by those better able to 

 appreciate their value, and with minds imbued with 

 the spirit necessary to a further improvement. 



f-'ch persons extend their comparisons for a 

 diner€tat object. They see and hear of a land 

 more productive than their own, without tliat itch- 

 ing desire to pull up stakes and make many sacri 

 fices for the purpose of occupying it ; knowing full 

 well that all cannot abide in one place, they feel 

 satisfied with their location, put themselves about 

 improving their own soil with the means they pos- 

 sess — and they will soo i find they need not go 

 from home to look for tlie standard of excellence, 

 for they have it on their own premises. 



Because a man has a farm inferior to his neigh- 

 bors, or that some distant place is better than the 

 land in his vicinity, w-e conceive to be no reason 

 for him to change his location, if he is otherwise 

 suited. Various motives and causes often make it 

 proper to cliange, but when a man is fully deter- 

 termined to make the best of his situation, and set 

 about improving his soil, improving his crops, im- 

 proving his stock: he at the same time is improv- 

 ing his mind ; and his children are not forgotten ; 

 for improvement is his motto, and is adhered to, ia 

 all the various departments of ills ho.isehold — he 

 will generally find it as profitable to remain at 

 home, and enjoy the comforts of an older settle- 

 ment 



We hardly thought of lecturing on emigration 

 when we commenced this article, but wished to 

 impress on the minds of our farmers the importance 

 of improving their farms, and their system of farm- 

 ing. 



A pretty uniform system is adopted in new set- 

 tlements and for aught we know as good as any, 

 but after a considerable portion of the farm becomes 

 cleared it is linie to look toward the introduction 

 of the improvements of older settlements. We are 

 favored with varieties of soil, adapted to the raising 

 of different articles of produce, and in order to farm 

 it profitably, we must as far as possible suit the 

 crop to the soil. Wherever the soil will admit of 



