^36 



NEW E NGLAND FARMER, 



JANUARY 30, IIS39. 



intelligent operators in the former complicated wealtliv cIhs. nn,r^.n, iV„,i,» ,u ■ iv 7 ^ 



manipulations. But, at present, in Europe the 1 frn L J . . i T ^^<^'^ '^°"<''t'on ot, One ton of beets .yields, when treated after the 



manipulations are reduced to a pro ess much 2 ' extend t^^'" 7', ' 'f u"*^ ""^^l^ence, greatly new method, 1^0 lbs. of white refined sug,tr. Th, 

 phr than hrerrir,^ of co,nr,.o,r JlebZ which can : '" ''' ''7"'''"'" °* ""' '^°""^'y- ! <=-' "f '"anufacturin. a ton of beets f„to en.a, 



be comprehended and performed by every person i, manufacture of sugar is not confined to the ""^uld be, at a very high estimate, .40. One hiin- 



The period is not far distant when farmers „iii ! '"^<'' ='"'' <=ane only. In Hungary there are at pre- dred and .eighty pounds of refined beet sugai 



nroHnrp tt,«;- „ ,. . , , sent manufactories which make aug-ar /roni pum/)- would cost .'ill, or C 1-10 cents per pound, foi 



kins. The following article, translated from the ' which we now pay, at the lowest rate, K; cents. 

 Hanoverian Comnmiiicator, 183", gives the parlic- j Mr Norbert Ri'llieu.v, of New Orleans has re- 

 ulars, as follows : .... ' . 



A manufacturer in llungMy, for three years 



produce their own sugar, or at least raise and dry 

 tlie beet ready for the manufacturer. 



The general argument against the introduction 

 of this branch of industry, that labor is too high in 

 the United States, is incorrect, when we consider 

 the other great advantages which the United States 

 have over every other country on the globe in al- 

 most every business, and especially in this branch 

 of industry : 



1st The United States possess a climate which 

 suits the beets better than any climate of Europe, 

 because the summers are excessively warm, which 

 mere scs the saccharine property of the beet- 

 root. 



2d. Plenty of cheap and rich land, subject to 

 but small tax. 



3d. Inexhaustible stores of fuel, from which the 

 great natural watercourses, railroads, and canals 

 branch, over the whole Union. 



4th Well-constructed labor-saving machines of 

 all descriptions. 



5tb. An intelligent population, which, when one 

 acquainted with this branch of industry, will sooi. 

 bring it to great perfection — a jiopulation under- 

 standing the use and management of machinery, 



and famous for improvements and inventions 



Whereas, in Europe, the land is overtaxed, high in 

 price, and therefore the interest upon it considera- 

 ble ; subject to lithes and other feudal burdens ; 

 while the fuel is scarce and valuable, and its trans- 

 portation high and slow. The population are en- 

 tirely unacquainted with labor-savinT machines, 

 and possess very little mechanical ingenuity, while 

 their enterprise is prohibited by the excise lai«^ of 

 their patty governments. 



It is obvious that America overbalances, with its 

 advantages, the low prices of labor in Europe ; and 

 that she is able not only to provide herself with all 

 the sugar wanted for home consumption, but also 

 to supply other countries. 



The sugar now produced in Louisiana averages 

 only about 4 1-2 pounds per head for the population 

 of the United States, or about 70,000,000 pounds 

 annually, which is but a small part of our con- 

 sumption, as enormous sums are yearly paid to 

 foreign coun'ries for sugar, as the following table 

 shows, viz : 



ently invented an apparatus for reducing saccha 

 rine liquids, which has been patented in the Uniteo 



past, has used pumpkins for the manufacture of | °'^^*®^' ''"^ '® '^'"'•^"''y tested. 



sugar. We have seen raw and refined sugar, also 

 sirup from this manufactory, and found the refined 

 sugar equal to the colonial in every respect. The 

 raw sugar is crystalline, coarse-grained, light- 

 colored, and of more agreeable (melon-like) flavor 

 tlian the couunon raw beet sugar ; the sirup is of 

 a blackish-green color, and has al.so a melon-like 

 flavor, but is suitable for consumption. The juice, 

 obtained by pressure, yields, on an average, six per 

 cent, of sugar ; but the water-melon of the south 

 of Hungary is still more productive than the pump- 

 kin of the nonh. The sugar obtained from the 

 pumpkin is always considerable, whether the fruit 

 has been raised on rich or poor land. The mani- 

 pulation is said to be more simple than the manu- 

 ,|'ca(-tory of beet sugar, and requires less attention, 

 ,.• as the piilp and the juice may stand for three weeks 

 viilhout getting sour or losing any quantity of su- 

 gar. The juice, during the process of evaporation, 

 does not rise in the boilers, and is not so liable to 

 be burnt. The residuum is very good food for 

 cattle. One acre produces GfiO cwt. of pumpkins ; 

 twenty pumpkins yield sufficient seed for one acre 

 of ground. Prom the remaining seed a very good 

 table oil of about sixteen per cent, can be ob- 

 tained. MARQUARDT." 



18.32, imported into the United States, 



1833 

 1634, 

 183.5, 

 183(i, 



do. 

 do. 

 do. 

 da 



82,9.33,t;88 

 4,752,343 

 5,537,829 

 ti,80G,184 



12,514,551 



This sum will annually increase in proportion 

 as the population augments artd their comforts and 

 means improve. 



l!y the adoption of this new branch of industry, 

 the sums at present paid for imported sugar would 

 be in a short time a clear gain to the country ; its 

 agriculture would be improved, and thousands of 

 acres of exhausted and deteriorated land would bo 

 again taken up and improved. To procure the ne- 

 cessary manure for this purpose, the farmer would 

 be obliged to increase his live-stock, which would 

 find, during the wimer season, plenty of food in 

 the residuum of the manufactory. It would in- 

 crease the consumption of sugar among the less 



Indian corn, at the period of tasselling, yields just 

 half as much sugar as the sugar-cane ; and it is 

 astonishing that this well-known fact did not in- 

 duce persons to plant corn especially for that pur- 

 pose. 



To make use of green corn and pumpkins pro- 

 fitably, and to improve the crop of beet in quality 

 and quantity, the following plan is therefore, sug- 

 gested, which would keep a manufactory in opera- 

 tion all the year round : 



We know that the beet requires a deep soil, 

 sufficiently provided with decomposed manure, as 

 when planted in green manure they yield much 

 less sugar, and the operation is rendered more diffi- 

 cult ; to prepare the field properly for the beet, it 

 should be well manured, (no matter in what state 

 the manure may be applied,) ploughed, and planted 

 in corn and pumpkins, and worked regularly as 

 long as the pumpkins leave room for the liorse-hoe. 

 When the corn begins to form the tassel, it should 

 be cut ofl; and the sugar extracted from it. The 

 pumi)kin has then all the influence of the sun to 

 come to full maturity, and should be used, when 

 ripe, for sugar. The following year the field would 

 be in first-rate wder for the beet, and the following 

 rotation of crops, viz; 



Indian corn and pumpkins, with msnure i 



f5eets, , ( for sugar, 



Barley, 



Clover, 



Wheat. i 



This apparatus surpasses Howard's and Roth's, 

 or any other invention of this description, not onlv 

 in simplicity and cheapness, but also in the arran?e- 

 ment in the boiling of sugar, according with the 

 laws of science and economy. 



The liquor is reduced by two vertical cylindc-s, 

 heated by steam, over which the syrup is disliili li- ! 

 in small quantities. One of the cylinders operates 

 uniler a vacuum, and entirely evaporates the con- 

 densed liquor by a low degree of heat, to hinder 

 the formation of molasses — an improvement of the 

 highest importance, which, till now, has never been 

 accomplished. The sirup can be increased to any 

 degree of the saccharometer desired, which is per- 

 formed by the most ingenious and simple contri- 

 vance of a difl"erential thermometer. This appara- 

 tus will greatly facilitate the manufacture ofsu<rar 

 in regard to the economy of labor, fuel, and time,' 

 and the perfection of the product. This apparatus 

 will rank among the most ingenious and important 

 inventions. 



The production of indigenous sugar in France 

 was one of the main pillars of .Yapoleon's conlinen- 

 tal system ; and the successful extraction of sugar 

 from the beet was relied on as the surest guaranty 

 of its stability. 



That branch of productive industry, therefore, 

 which the first statesman and captain of the ao-e 

 regarded alike as the means of conquest and the 

 source of wealth and independence, cannot, be 

 considered a matter of indiflerence to the Govern- 

 ment of Uiis great and growing republic, whose 

 duty and privilege it is to watch over the intercut 

 and welfare of its citizens— a Government aspirin^- 

 to no conquest, yet whose enviable distinction it is 

 to be regarded as the last hope of freedom— tlie 

 last asylum of liberty. 



The information imparted in the precedino- pa<ies 

 collected as it is from the most authentic "sources' 

 It IS hoped will be regarded as of the highest im- 

 portance to any and every government charged with 

 the duty of promoting the great interests of a na- 

 tion. 



Having traced the history and progress of the 

 manufacture of the beet sugar, from its first dis- 

 covery in Europe to the present time, through all its 

 varied experiments and decieasing expenses, until 

 no longer requiring the bounty of Government, but 

 yielding a revenue, the only remaining inquiry is, 

 how shall the American people avail themselves of 

 the important advantages of this new source of 

 national wealth and industry .' 



To acquire a correct and minute knowledge of 

 this new branch of industry, (now practically un- 

 known in this country,) it is necessary to visit 

 Hungary, Germany, France, and England, in order 

 to examine all the recent and important discoveries 

 and improvements relatiag to the manufacture of 



An acre of good cultivated land yields, on an , beet sugar. To accomplish this obiectir wn„M 

 average, twenty tons of the beet-root. Beets were I require the following q"a fi a , ms^ ^ ' 

 sold this fall, near Boston, for $5 per ton. I i a thomn^h l-„° „ J . 1^ ' ,. 



, w p t luii. I i. A tnorough knowledge ot the old method of 



