288 



NEW ENGL.AND FARMER. 



SI,\RCH J3, 1839. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



SMITIIFIELD MARKET. 



An account uf the Smilhfield Market in England from a pub- 

 lication entitled ''U'lic Voice of Hnmnnily." 

 In Smitlificld market there ia not room to tie up 

 to the rails much more tlian half of the cattle sent 

 there for sale! The remainder are disposed of hy 

 being formed in groups of about twenty in each, 

 into " rings" or " off-droves," as sucli divisions are 

 termed. About two o'clock in the morning the 

 Smithfield barbarities are at the height, and the 

 const.ibles, being sent into the market in the day- 

 time only, are consequently not in attendance. Tiie 

 drovers surround the unfortunate bullocks which 

 caimot be tied up in the market, and commence by 

 aiming with their bludgeons blows at their heads, to 

 avoid which tliey endeavor to hide their heads by 

 keeping them towards the ground. On attempting 

 to run backwards, the bullocks are restrained by 

 blows upon their hocks and legs, together with the 

 application of goads ; whilst if tliey venture to lift 

 up the head, a dozen bludgeons are instantly 

 hammering on it, until again lowered to the 

 ground. This scene of barbarity is continued un- 

 til every bullock, however refractory, obstinate, stu- 

 pid, or dangerous at first, has been disciplined to 

 stand quietly in a ring — their heads in the centre, 

 tlieir bodies diverging outward like the radii of a 

 circle : this is done that ihey may conveniently be 

 handled by the butchers. The barbarity of Smith- 

 field is at its height during the night ; but in the 

 daytime, by seeing the process by which one or 

 more bullocks, when sold, are driven out of a 

 "ring" or "off-drove," — and observing the ham- 

 merings with bludgeons on the head ; the thrusting 

 the goads into the nostrils of the aniuials to make 

 thern move backward.?, after similar instninients had 

 been applied to urge them in the contrary direction 

 by witnessing the mode of re-forming the "rings" 

 or " off-droves," which are constantly broken 

 through by the withdrawment of purchased animals 

 as well as by the passing and ri.'passing of carts 

 and drays, some faint idea may be forme'l'iof the 

 amount of needless barbarity inflicted, and -it the 

 consequent deterioration of the meat. Th--:, -deter- 

 ioration of the meat has been calculated at no less 

 a sum than 100,000/. pei annum, notwithstanding 

 the care which the drovers take to strike chiefly 

 where there is no flesh interposed between the skin 

 and the bone; where the animal feels most acutely 

 but there is no black mark to tell tales. — "I have 

 lived fourteen years in Smithfield," said a very in- 

 telligent witness, " and I find it perfectly impossi- 

 ble to sleep in the front of my house on Sun- 

 day night. The cruelty practised upon the cattle, 

 in beating them into the 'rings,' no person can be- 

 lieve who has not seen it ; and, as it is a matter 

 very easily to be seen, I hope some of the com- 

 mittee (now sitting) will see it personally. Sup- 

 posing a salesman to have twenty beasts (which 

 could not be tied up,) he will have them all with 

 their heads in and their tails out ; they form a ring 

 and in order to discipline tiiem to stand in that 

 manner, tlie drovers are obliged to goad them be- 

 hind and kn<ick them upon the noses. They strike 

 them with great force upon the nose, and goad 

 them cruelly behind, by which means they form 

 themselves into a ' ring ;' so that, at the period I 

 speak of, there is a great deal of unnecessary cru- 

 elty. At length the cattle will stand in that man- 

 ner, so perfectly disciplined, that, at breakfast-time 

 there shall be twenty or thirty ' rings' of this kind 



standing in the middle of the market. If the ' ring' 

 is broken by any means, they are all in the great- 

 est anxiety to get in again ; and when the drovers 

 are obliged to separate these " rings,' and drive the 

 cattle away, they have a great deal of trouble, and 

 the labor cf the men is excessive to get one sino-le 

 beast out Indeed, if you can conceive first get- 

 ting the cattle into ' a ring,' as I have stated, ai>d 

 if one is sold out of the ring at eleven in the day, 

 the beast is ordered to be driven through fifteen 

 hundred cattle, whichever way he goes out of the 

 market, and the man is goading that beast all the 

 way — if yoa can conceive men compelled to ex- 

 ercise this cruelty, they will not be very delicate 

 of the manner in which they use it after a time !" 

 Another witness, who had been "a salesman 

 about eight years," thus described the scene : — 



" I have stood behind eight of these off-droves, 

 and the cruelty which is necessarily exercised to 

 [ get them to stand properly is very great indeed, 

 and which by tying up, might be totally removed, 

 and is the cause of tlie great complaint which ex- 

 ists of the bruises and the wildness of the differ- 

 ent animals when passing throngh the streets. I 

 will describe simply the manner in which it arises. 

 Perhaps more than an hour's violence has been ex- i 

 ercised towards the cattle, to get them to stand 

 about twenty in each circle, — and during the whole 

 of this time they are beaten, now about the hocks 

 and then about the head. If the head turns out- 

 ward, they are beat about the head till they are 

 turned inward. The great cause of the inhuman- 

 ity described arises from this circumstance, that 

 when a bullock is driven, perhaps from the centre 

 of the market, by the butchers' drovers, that bul- 

 lock will run into fiv<?, six, seven, eight, or nine of 

 the droves before he gets out of the market : per- 

 haps in every one of the droves that bullock is beat 

 about the head for ten minutes before he can be 

 got out of it again, and then he runs to another 

 drove, from the circumstance of having been so 

 beat about in the early part of thS morning. Con- 

 sequently, perhaps, this bullock is beat out of ten 

 droves before he gets out of the market, to the 

 very great injury of the animal. He is oflen beat- 

 en nearly or quite blind ; and when it gets into the 

 public streets, the bullock, irritated by the violence 

 commilted, scarcely conscious where he is, runs at 

 any thing, or over every thing, or throngh every 

 thing. All this would be entirely prevented, if 

 there were room to tie each bullock separately up." 



GRBt:.\S PATaXT STR.tW LITTER. 



1 prora- 

 the cousequenl 



WIIVSIIIPS .MISERIES, BRIGTOX. 



Just received from England and France, a rare collection 

 oi Plants, viz : 



Pears, Plums, Peaclies, Apricots, Gooseberries, Pear 

 Stocks, Purple Beach, English Elms, Japan Jingo Trees. 



Striped, Myrtle leaved, Gold margined, and Weepin" 

 striped Box Trce^. 



Common silver leaf, Fine do. do., Upright Golden, Sinoolli 

 leaved Golden, Balance do. do., Plain Screw do. do., Camel- 

 lia leaved do , Marginal and Hedgehog Hollies. 



Porti.gal, English, Lof)g narrow leaved, and short do. do. 

 Laurels. 



.izalcas, Rhiidndendroiis, Thorns, Eglanlinw, 100 varieties 

 new Itnses. Oranges, Camellias, and various kinds ol Green- 

 house Plants. 



Orilcrs will be promptly executed and forwarded lo any 

 part of llie country. 



Orders may he left with JOSEPH BRECK & CO. or for- 

 warded hy mail to Messrs. VVINSHIP, Brighton, Mass. 

 Brighton, March -l. 



, •',? uP^ ^^^'^^ ^ C° ^' "><= ^■<=«' England .Agricul 

 tural Warehouse .ind Seed Store, Nos.51 and 52 Norih Mar- 

 kel Street, have for sale, Green's Patent Straw, Hav and 

 , n i i'l' ' "?<■"""? on a mechanical principle not before 

 applied to any implement for this purpose. Th 

 incnt effects of this application, and some of tl 

 pccuiariiies of the machine are: 



I So great a redaction of the quantum of power requisite 

 ° ;r ;.'■■,""' "^Lf r«nglh of a half grown boy is suSicienI 

 lo worli It very efficiently. 



2. With even this moderate power, it easily cuts two fiuvh- 

 els a minute, which is full twice as fast as has been claimed 

 prn-er' ° "lachine even when worked by horse or steam 



3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which ihey 

 cut. require sharpening less often than those of any other 

 straw cutter. ■' 



1', '^''fi."'^'^'""'^'* ^'"P'^ '" "s construnlion, made and 

 put together very strongly. It is therefore not so liable as 

 the complicated machines in general use to get out of order. 



PUIIT AND ORXA.1IEXTA1, TREES, MULBER. 

 RIKS &c. 



-ri r^ , -'^"'■^fy 0/' l» V/"Jm Kenrick. 

 1 be Catalogue of Kruit and Ornamental Trees for 1839 is 

 now ready, and wil be senl to all who applv. It comprises 

 a most exicnsiveseleclionofthe superior varieties ol Pears, 

 Apples Plums, Quinces, Gooseberries, Raspberries, Cur- 

 ranls. Strawberries, Grape Vines, &c. The stock of Cher- 

 ries and of I>aches now ready is particularly large. Also, 

 Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses. Honeysuckles, Psonies 

 Dahlias and other Herbaceous Flowering Plants 



10,000 Cockspur or Newcaslle Thorns 



10,000 Buckthorns. 



Morus Muliicaulis, and other Mulberries j thelrees genu- 

 ine and hue, at prices fair, and varying with the size, and 

 the quanlily which mav be desired. 



Fruit and all other trees, when so ordered, will he secure- 

 ly packed lor safe transportation to distant places, and or- 

 ders promptly ejtccuted, on application to the subscriber 



IV . r, „ ,T VVILLIAM KENRICK. 



Nonantum Hill, Newton, near Boston. 



Januarj 30, 1839. 



D.tU^S.^ nirtiBERRY SEED. 



_ We olTor for sa^ a small qunntity of Brussa Mulberry 

 Seed, by the pound or ounce, which may be relied on as true 

 and gt'iiuine. This variety of Mulberry is much superior to 

 ihe Morus Multicaulis, foj- this chmatc, being perfeclly 

 hardy ; said lo be even more hardy than the common while 

 JOSEPH BRECK & CO. 



SI1,K WOR.11S' EGGS. 



Preserved with much care, producing suljihur colored co- 

 coons; the worm from this kind of egg wound their cocoons 

 the last season in twenty eight davs. Specimens of the co- 

 coons may be seen at the Agricultural Warehouse, if desired. 

 Apply to John Si'llivan. 



SHAKERS' SEEDS AND flERBS. 



WIGHT .t GIBSON, No. -U Hanover Street, under the 

 American House, (opposiie Elm Street.) are appointed by 

 the United Society at Harvard, Mass. as their agents for the 

 .sale of all kinds of (lardm Seals, raised and put up vfith" 

 directions for culture, by .Tonathan Chandler. 



Prices, the same as when sold by the society or their trav. ' 

 elling, agent. 



Herbs, Roots, Exiracts, &c for sale as above. 



January :Ju, 1S39. Awis 



THE NEW ENGLA.\D FARMER 



Is piioiished every Wednesday Evening, at S3 per ann.ini 

 IKiyableat the end of the year — but those who pay williin 

 sixty days from the time of subscribing are entitled to a de- 

 duction of S9 cents. 



DENNETT AND CHISHOLM, PRINTFRS, 



17 aCHOOl. STREfT BOSTO-N 



